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1、Multifunction Vehicle Bus2IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Outline 1. Applications in rail vehicles2. Physical layer1. Electrical RS 4854. Frames and Telegrams5. Medium Allocation7. Fault-tolerance concept8. Integrity Concept2. Middle-Distance3. Fibre Optics9. S
2、ummary3. Device Classes6. Clock SynchronizationMultifunction Vehicle Bus3IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKstandard communication interface for all kind of on-board equipmentdata ratedelaymediumnumber of stations 600 vehicles in service in 1998statusup to 4095 simple
3、 sensors/actuators1500000 bits/second0,001 secondtwisted wire pair, optical fibresup to 255 programmable stationsMultifunction Vehicle Bus in Locomotivescockpitpower linediagnosisradioTrain Busmotor controlpower electronicsbrakestrack signalsVehicle BusMultifunction Vehicle Bus4IEC Train Communicati
4、on NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMultifunction Vehicle Bus in Coachescovered distance: 50 m for a 26 m long vehicle 200 m (EMD medium or ESD with galvanic isolation) or 2000 m (OGF medium).Train Busdevicesnodedevices with short distance busrepeaterMVBMultifunction Vehicle Bus7IEC Train
5、Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Topographyall MVB media operate at same speed, segments are connected by repeaters.DeviceDeviceDeviceDeviceTerminatorTrain BusOGL linkRepeaterRepeaterRepeaterDeviceDeviceDeviceDeviceBusAdministratorEMD SegmentsectionESD SegmentESD SegmentN
6、odeDeviceDeviceDeviceMultifunction Vehicle Bus8IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Outline1. Applications in vehicles2. Physical layer1. ESD (Electrical, RS 485)4. Frames and Telegrams5. Medium Allocation7. Fault-tolerance concept8. Integrity Concept2. EMD (Transfo
7、rmer-coupled)3. OGF (Optical Glass Fibres)9. Summary3. Device Classes6. Clock SynchronizationMultifunction Vehicle Bus9IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKESD (Electrical Short Distance) RS485Interconnects devices over short distances (- 20m) without galvanic separatio
8、nBased on proven RS-485 technology (Profibus)Main application: connect devices within the same cabinet.terminator/biasing+ 5 VGNDRu(390)Rm(150 )Rd(390 )terminator/biasingsegment lengthdevice 1device Ndevice 2. n-1RxSTxSRxSTxSRxSTxS equipotential lineData_NData_PBus_GNDRu(390)Rm(150 )Rd(390 )+ 5 VMul
9、tifunction Vehicle Bus10IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKESD Device with Galvanic Isolation1powerprotection circuitRS 485 transceiverData GNDgalvanic barrierRxSTxSTxFRxSTxSTxF+5Vcablefemalemaleshield connected to connector casingshield connected to connector casingo
10、pto- couplersDC/DC converter1device casing connected to supply groundprotective earth0V el+5V el+VccMultifunction Vehicle Bus11IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKESD Connector for Double-Line Attachment9876cableLine_ALine_BLine_ALine_B104521321453femalemale9876cableLi
11、ne_ALine_BLine_ALine_Breserved (optional TxE)B.Data_PA.Data_PA.Data_NB.Data_NB.Bus_5VA.Bus_5VA.Bus_GNDB.Bus_GNDMultifunction Vehicle Bus12IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKEMD (Electrical Medium Distance) - Single Line Attachment Connects up to 32 devices over distan
12、ces of 200 m. Transformer coupling to provide a low cost, high immunity galvanic isolation. Standard 120 Ohm cable, IEC 1158-2 line transceivers can be used. Main application: street-car and mass transit 2 x 9-pin Sub-D connectortransceiverbus section 2devicebus section 1bus controllershieldtransfor
13、merMultifunction Vehicle Bus13IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKEMD Device with Double Line AttachmentCarrying both redundant lines in the same cable eases installationit does not cause unconsidered common mode failures in the locomotive environment(most probable fau
14、lts are driver damage and bad contact)1B1. Data_PB1. Data_NB2. Data_PB2. Data_Ntransceiver AB2transceiver BConnector_2A.Data_PA.Data_NB.Data_PB.Data_NBus_ControllerdeviceLine_BLine_AA1. Data_PA1. Data_N1B1A1Connector_1Line_BLine_AA1. Data_PA1. Data_N1A2Multifunction Vehicle Bus14IEC Train Communicat
15、ion NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKEMD Connectors for Double-Line Attachment452137698terminator connector345Connector_1 (female)21Line_B7698Line_AB1.Data_NB1. Data_PA1. Data_NA1. Data_PA.Term_PB.Term_NLine_BLine_AB.Term_PA.Term_NZt.Afemalecable345Connector_1 (male)21Line_B7698maleLine_AB
16、1.Data_NB1. Data_PA1. Data_NA1. Data_Pshields contacts caseZt.BMultifunction Vehicle Bus15IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKEMD Shield Grounding ConceptShields are connected directly to the device caseDevice cases should be connected to ground whenever feasibledevice
17、deviceinter-section connectorsterminatorterminatordevicedevice groundshieldpossible shield discontinuitydevice groundinter-device impedanceinter-device impedanceMultifunction Vehicle Bus16IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKOGF (Optical Glass Fibre)Covers up to 2000 mP
18、roven 240m silica clad fibreMain application: locomotive and critical EMC environmentwired-or electrical mediafibre pairdevicedevicedeviceRackopto-electrical transceiverStar Couplerto other device or star couplerto other device or star couplerdevicedevicedeviceESD segmentMultifunction Vehicle Bus17I
19、EC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKOGF to ESD adapterDouble-line ESD devices can be connected to fibre-optical links by adaptersto star coupler Bfrom star coupler BA.Data_Pto star coupler Afrom star coupler AA.5VTxETxDRxDA1RxDB1B.0VB.5VA.Data_P533fibre-optical transcei
20、versRS-485 transceiverMVBCA.0VMultifunction Vehicle Bus18IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Repeater: the Key Element(redundant) busadministratorThe repeater: decodes and reshapes the signal (knowing its shape) recognizes the transmission direction and forward the
21、 frame detects and propagates collisionsA repeater is used at a transition from one medium toanother.repeaterEMD segmentdecoderencoderdecoderencoderESD segment(RS 485)(transformer-coupled)busadministratorslaveslaveslaveslaveMultifunction Vehicle Bus19IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 3
22、1999 September, HKMVB Repeaterduplicated segmentLine_ALine_BdirectionrecogniserdecoderrepeaterdecoderencoderdecoderdecoderencoderLine_A(single-threadoptical link)Line_B(unused for single-thread)recognize the transmission direction and forward the framedecode and reshape the signal (using a priori kn
23、owledge about ist shape)jabber-halt circuit to isolate faulty segmentsdetect and propagate collisionsincrease the inter-frame spacing to avoid overlapcan be used with all three mediaappends the end delimiter in the direction fibre to transformer, remove it the opposite wayhandles redundancy (transit
24、ion between single-thread and double-thread)Multifunction Vehicle Bus20IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Outline1. Applications in vehicles2. Physical layer1. Electrical RS 4854. Frames and Telegrams5. Medium Allocation7. Fault-tolerance concept8. Integrity Conce
25、pt2. Middle-Distance3. Fibre Optics9. Summary3. Device Classes6. Clock SynchronizationMultifunction Vehicle Bus21IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Class 1 DeviceClass 1 or field devices are simple connections to sensors or actuators.They do not require a micro-co
26、ntroller.The Bus Controller manages both the input/output and the bus.They do not participate in message data communication.MVBredundantbus pairs(ESD)analogorbinaryinput/outputboard bus(monomaster)deviceaddressregisterRS 485drivers/receiversbuscontrollerdevicestatusABMultifunction Vehicle Bus22IEC T
27、rain Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Class 2-3 DeviceClass 2 and higher devices have a processor and may exchange messages.Class 2 devices are configurable I/O devices (but not programmable)The Bus Controller communicates with the Application Processor through ashared me
28、mory, the traffic store, which holds typically 256 ports.MVBredundantbus pairs(ESD)applicationprocessorsharedlocal RAMprivateRAMlocalinput/outputEPROMRS 485drivers/receiversBusControllertraffic storedevicestatusABMultifunction Vehicle Bus23IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 Septem
29、ber, HKMVB Class 4-5 DeviceClass 4 devices present the functionality of a Programming and Test stationTo this effect, they hold additional hardware to read the device status of theother devices and to supervise the configuration.They also have a large number of ports, so they can supervise the proce
30、ssdata transmission of any other device.Class 5 devices are gateways with several link layers (one or more MVB, WTB).Class 4 devices are capable of becoming Bus Administrators.The device classes are distinguished by their hardware structure.Multifunction Vehicle Bus24IEC Train Communication NetworkI
31、EC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVBC - bus controller ASIC12 bit device addressCPU parallel busto traffic storeduplicatedelectrical or opticaltransmittersduplicated electrical or optical receiversA19.1D15.0addressABABManchester and CRCencoder16x16Tx buffer16x16Rx bufferTraffic Store Control& Arbi
32、terMainControl UnitClass 1logicdatacontrolClock, Timers &Sink Time Supervision Bus administrator functions Bookkeeping of communication errors Hardware queueing for message data Supports 8 and 16-bit processors Supports big and lirttle endians 24 MHz clock rate HCMOS 0.8 m technology 100 pin QFP Aut
33、omatic frame generation and analysis Adjustable reply time-out Up to 4096 ports for process data 16KByte. 1MByte traffic store Freshness supervision for process data In Class 1 mode: up to 16 ports Bit-wise forcing Time and synchronization portDUALManchester and CRCdecodersJTAGinterfaceMultifunction
34、 Vehicle Bus25IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Bus InterfaceApplicationprocessor2 message portsMVBbuscontrollerTraffic Store0.4095Logical Ports(256 typical)for Processdata6 busmanagementports8 physicalportsThe interface between the bus and the application is a s
35、hared memory, theTraffic Memory , where Process Data are directly accessible to the application.messages packetsandbus supervisionprocess databaseMultifunction Vehicle Bus26IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Outline1. Applications in vehicles2. Physical layer1. El
36、ectrical RS 4854. Frames and Telegrams5. Medium Allocation7. Fault-tolerance concept8. Integrity Concept2. Middle-Distance3. Fibre Optics9. Summary3. Device Classes6. Clock SynchronizationMultifunction Vehicle Bus27IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Manchester Enc
37、oding1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1dataclockframesignal9-bit Start Delimiterframe data8-bit checksequenceThe Manchester-coded frame is preceded by a Start Delimiter containingnon-Manchester signals to provide transparent synchronization.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80enddelimiterMultifunction Vehicle Bus28IEC Tra
38、in Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Frame Delimiters081234567active stateidle stateactive stateidle state0Different delimiters identify master and slave frames:This prevents mistaking the next master frame when a slave frame is lost.Master Frame DelimiterSlave Frame Delim
39、iter81234567start bitstart bitMultifunction Vehicle Bus29IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Frames FormatsFaddress9 bits 4128916 bitsslave frames sent in response to master frames8CS932 bits8964 bits8master frames issued by the masterMSD16 (33)16 (33)32 (49)64(81)
40、MSD = Master Start Delimiter (9 bits)CS = Check Sequence (8 bits)SSD = Slave Start Delimiter (9bits)useful (total) size in bitsF = F_code (4 bits)dataCSSSDdataSSDCSdataSSDCS964 bits8dataSSDCS128 (153)964 bits8dataSSDCS256 (297)64 bitsdata8CSdata8CS64 bitsdata8CS64 bitsdata8CS64 bitsThe MVB distingui
41、shes two kinds of frames:Multifunction Vehicle Bus30IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Distance Limitsmaster framemastertimedistancenext master framet_smt_ms= 1devices-single device= 1devicessingle devicesingle devicesize163264128256-1616-256161616responseProcess_
42、Data(application-dependent)Master_TransferEvent_IdentifierMessage_DataEvent_IdentifierEvent_IdentifierDevice_StatusdestinationalldevicessubscribedassinkMasterMasterselected deviceMasterMasterMaster or monitorMaster FrameSlave FrameMultifunction Vehicle Bus37IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 C
43、lause 31999 September, HKMVB Outline1. Applications in vehicles2. Physical layer1. Electrical RS 4854. Frames and Telegrams5. Medium Allocation7. Fault-tolerance concept8. Integrity Concept2. Middle-Distance3. Fibre Optics9. Summary3. Device Classes6. Clock SynchronizationMultifunction Vehicle Bus38
44、IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMaster OperationThe Master performs four tasks:1) Periodic Polling of the port addresses according to its Poll List2) Attend Aperiodic Event Requests3) Scan Devices to supervise configuration4) Pass Mastership orderly (last period in
45、 turn)The Administrator is loaded with a configuration file before becoming MasterSDperiodicphasetimeeventphaseguard phase1 2 3 45 61 2981 2? ? ? ? ? ? ? EV7guard phasesuper-visoryphaseSDbasic periodbasic periodperiodicphaseeventphasesuper-visoryphasesporadic phasesporadic phaseMultifunction Vehicle
46、 Bus39IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKBus TrafficState of the PlantResponse in 1.200 msSpurious data losses will be compensated at the next cycleeventSporadic DatatimeOn-Demand TransmissionEvents of the PlantResponse at human speed: 0.5 s Initialisation, calibratio
47、nFlow control & error recovery protocol for catching all events Diagnostics, event recorderBasic PeriodBasic PeriodState VariableMessages. commands, position, speedPeriodic TransmissionPeriodic DataMultifunction Vehicle Bus40IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Medi
48、um AccessBetween periodic phases, the Master continuously polls the devices for events.A basic period is divided into a periodic and a sporadic phase.During the periodic phase, the master polls the periodic data in sequence.Since more than one device can respond to an event poll, a resolution proced
49、ureselects exactly one event.Periodic data are polled at their individual period (a multiple of the basic period).periodic phase?timesporadic phase123456guard time78910basic periodperiodic phase?basic period12sporadic phase!events ?events ?event dataguard time?123individual periodMultifunction Vehic
50、le Bus41IEC Train Communication NetworkIEC 61375 Clause 31999 September, HKMVB Bus Administrator ConfigurationThe Poll List is built knowing:the list of the port addresses, size and individual periodthe reply delay of the busthe list of known devices (for the device scanthe list of the bus administr