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1、Part A Listening StrategyFinding the Sequence of Events in a Narrative When we listen to a narrative, it is important to follow the sequence of events so that we do not lose track of how a story or an event begins, develops and ends. A useful way is to pay attention to time expressions, such as “at
2、first”, “in the beginning”, “by that time”, “by then”, “later”, “after a few years”, “after a while”, “soon”, and “in the end”. We should also listen for specific periods of time and dates or years like “in the 20th century”, “in 2009”, “on May 20th”, etc. If we put together the information that fol
3、lows such time expressions we can usually follow the sequence of events in a narrative. How the Hills Family Won the Copyright to the Song “Happy Birthday to You”TimeEventIn 1893Mildred and Patty Hill, two American kindergarten teachers , composed the song “Good Morning to All” to greet their studen
4、ts every morning.LaterThe title of the song was known as “Good Morning to You” when it was used for children to greet their teacher .In 1924The song appeared in a book of music edited by Robert Coleman. And a second verse “Happy Birthday to You” was added to it. The writer of the lyrics to the secon
5、d verse remained unknown.By mid-1930sThe song appeared repeatedly in movies, radio shows , and Broadway musicals without the permission of the Hill family.In 1934Jessica Hill filed a suit and won the copyright to the song “Happy birthday to You” for her elder sisters. She proved in court that “Happy
6、 Birthday to You” was actually “Good Morning to All” with different lyrics. From then onEvery time the song was sung publicly , the Hill family gets paid ._Part A Listening Strategy In the English-speaking world, it is customary to sing the song “Happy Birthday to You” to the birthday person. Do you
7、 know that it was originally written as a song to greet students in the morning? Two American kindergarten teachers, Mildred Hill and her sister Patty Hill wrote the song. In 1893, Mildred, who studied music, came up with the melody and Patty added some lyric to it and the song became “Good Morning
8、to All”, which they sang every morning to their students. And the lyrics ran like this: “Good morning to you. Good morning to you. Good morning, dear children. Good morning to all.” Later the title of the song was known as “Good Morning to You” when it was used for children to sing it to their teach
9、er. And the third and fourth lines became “Good morning, dear teacher. Good morning to you.”Part A Listening Strategy In 1924 the song appeared in a book of music edited by Robert Coleman. And a second verse, “Happy Birthday to You”, was added to it. But it is unclear who supplied the words to the s
10、econd verse. This second verse quickly became more popular than the first, and within a short time of the books publication, the song was known to all as “Happy Birthday to You”. And by mid-1930s it was used frequently in movies, radio shows, and Broadway musicals without the Hill familys permission
11、. A third sister, Jessica Hill, decided to act on behalf of her elder sisters. She filed a suit to prove that “Happy Birthday to You” was their song with different lyrics. She won in 1934, and now every time “Happy Birthday to You” is sung publicly, the Hill family gets paid.Part A Listening Strateg
12、y1. Do you often go shopping?2. Where do you usually buy grocery? Supermarkets or at a farmers market?3. Is there anything that annoys you when you go shopping in a supermarket?4. Have you ever heard of “drive-in restaurant / cinema / service in a bank”?5. What can be “drive-in grocery shopping”?6.
13、What is culture shock? How to overcome it?Pre-listening TaskQuestions for discussion4. Have you ever heard of “drive-in restaurant / cinema / service in a bank”?Yes, Ive heard of “drive-in”, which is a type of fashionable service in the West. A drive-in is a facility such as a bank, restaurant, or m
14、ovie theater where one can literally drive in with an automobile for service. It is usually distinguished from a drive-through. At a drive-in restaurant, for example, customers park their vehicles and are usually served by staff who walk out to take orders and return with food, encouraging diners to
15、 remain parked while they eat. At a drive-through restaurant, conversely, customers wait in a line and pass by one or more windows to order, pay, and receive their food, and then take their meals elsewhere to eat. Pre-listening TaskQuestions for discussion6. What is culture shock? How to overcome it
16、? Culture shock is a term used to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The fe
17、eling of culture shock can usually set in after the first few weeks of arriving in a new country. Since you have never encountered a particular situation in your own country, the discrepancy between your culture and the experience in foreign countries may conflict with your expectations, and thus ma
18、ke you feel out of place. Probably, the best thing to do is to be open to differences and be flexible to change. Differences are not good or bad, but just common phenomena in society. Accepting the fact that people do things differently is the first step to understanding culture shock. Be willing to
19、 try new things and avoid criticizing others. By doing this, youll be able to adjust to any new environment.Pre-listening TaskQuestions for discussion1. check-out n. a place at a supermarket where you pay for your goods 2. catalog n. a publication containing details and often photographs of a list o
20、f items for sale3. proven a. that has been proved true 4. print-out n. sth. printed 5. code n. a system used for brevity or secrecy of communication in which words, letters, figures or symbols are used to represent others 6. load v. to put a large amount of goods in a shopping cart or some other con
21、tainer 7. sniff v. to smell sth. by drawing air through the nose in short, audible inhalations8. squeeze v. to firmly press (sth. soft) with ones fingers 9. record time shortest time on record 10. go about to carry on with 11. punch sth. in / into to enter information by typing on the keyboard of a
22、computer 12. fast lane one of the lanes on a road where you can drive at a faster speed 13. be comparable to to be similar to 14. Dave (男子名)15. Burnstein (姓)Text Drive-in Grocery ShoppingText Drive-in Grocery Shopping1. Why does drive-in grocery shopping appeal to customers? Because customers dont n
23、eed to fight for a parking space, push a grocery cart around in the market, or stand in line at the check-out.2. Who is Dave Burnstein? He is the vice-president for the Phone-In Drive-through Market.3. What are the two proven successful ideas applied to grocery shopping according to Mr. Burnstein? O
24、ne is the success of drive-through convenience which has been proven to be successful with banks and fast food; the other is the proven success of catalog shopping.4. Why have they applied the two proven successful ideas to grocery shopping? To help customers save time .5. What are the disadvantages
25、 of drive-in grocery shopping? Customers cant stop and check if the goods they have ordered are of good quality or not; and they have to pay a $1.50 service charge on each order. Exercise 1_._Exercise 2Text Drive-in Grocery ShoppingDrive-in Grocery ShoppingStep 1 You make up your grocery list from a
26、 4,000-item catalog.Step 2 You phone in the item numbers of the goods you order.Step 3 The computer makes a print-out of your list.Step 4 Workers in the market find the goods on your list in a warehouse.Step 5Three hours later, you drive up to the market, and punch your code into a terminal.Step 6 Y
27、ou write a check while workers load your groceries into your car._Reporter: In Los Angeles some 1,200 people are doing their weekly grocery shopping in record time without the grocery carts or without the check-out lines. They dont have to fight for a parking space, or to stand in line, or even to g
28、et out of their car. They make up their grocery lists from a 4,000-item catalog and then phone in the item numbers. Dave Burstein is the vice-president for the Phone-In Drive-Through Market. Now lets hear what Mr. Burnstein has to say. Hi, Mr. Burnstein, can you tell us what makes you start this kin
29、d of supermarket? Dave: Well, we took two ideas that have been proven successful. One was the success of drive through convenience which has been proven to be successful with banks and fast food, and then we took the proven success of catalog shopping, and applied both to grocery shopping. Our reaso
30、n is to save time. We feel we can get customers in and out of here in less than two minutes.Text Drive-in Grocery ShoppingReporter: Thats wonderful. Thank you, Mr. Burnstein.Dave: My pleasure.Reporter: Once your order is in, the computer takes over. The computer turns your grocery list into a print-
31、out. Workers then get the goods on your list from a warehouse. Meanwhile you go about your business and, three hours later, drive up to the market, punch your code into a terminal, and write a check while your groceries are loaded into your car. There are disadvantages to this fast lane grocery shop
32、ping. You cant stop and sniff the fish or squeeze the melon. However, I heard no complaints about the freshness of the food. And you pay a $1.50 service charge on each order, but prices are comparable to traditional grocery stores. And as one customer put it, “My time is worth more than a dollar and
33、 a half an hour.” Text Drive-in Grocery ShoppingSpeaking TasksSpeaking TasksConversation 1A: Drive-in grocery shopping is terrific. You dont even need to use a grocery cart or stand in line. A phone call can help order everything you need.B: But you have to drive to collect the order yourself.A: Tha
34、ts true. However, it wont take much time. In less than two minutes everything is done.B: Thats where the problem lies. You dont even have time to stop and check whether your order is of good quality or not. A: I guess you may have a point there. But so far Ive found nothing wrong with the goods I bo
35、ught this way.B: You cant be sure that it will never happen in future.A: Well, anyway I enjoy drive-in shopping cause it saves me a lot of time.Speaking TasksSpeaking TasksConversation 2A: Do you do online shopping?B: Never. I think online shopping lacks the personal touch. There is no clerk to smil
36、e at you and say, “How are you today?” A: If youve never done any, youve probably missed the pleasure of shopping from the comfort of your own home. You see, if it is hot outside, you dont have to go out in the heat. If there is a foot of snow on the roads and you cant get out, you can still shop. A
37、lso, if you dont feel well, its definitely the way to shop.B: I guess you may be right. But you cant pay cash or write a check online. You have to use a credit card. A: Isnt it easier than paying cash?B: But dont you think its not safe using a credit card online?A: You know what, they say using a cr
38、edit card on the Internet is as safe as using it in a normal store.B: Then maybe Ill try online shopping one of these days.1. What does the passage mainly discuss? a. Why young people above 18 in the U.S. prefer to attend local colleges. b. The reasons why more and more young people in America move
39、back to their parents homes rather than live on their own. c. Young people in America should leave home when they reach 18. d. How young people in the U.S. try to cope with the rising costs of housing.2. What do you know about Sallie? a. She moved back to her parents home mainly because she didnt ha
40、ve money to buy a new car. b. She felt miserable when she was away from home. c. She was not satisfied with her job as a teacher. d. She doesnt want to pay much money for rent.3. What can you learn from the passage? a. Most parents in America welcome their childrens return to the nest. b. An away-fr
41、om-home college education is no longer affordable to middle class people in America. c. Failure in marriage is an important reason for the return to the nest. d. Young people in America have trouble establishing their own identities.4. What is one of the reasons why most psychologists disapprove of
42、lengthy homecomings? a. Because they are resented by the aging parents. b. Because they are against the American tradition. c. Because they are harmful to the housing industry. d. Because they are damaging to the growth of the young people. In America there is a nave notion that children grow up and
43、 leave home when theyre 18, but the truth is far from that. Today 59% of men and 47% of women between 18 and 24 depend on their parents for housing. Most college students now live at home. Also, 14% of men and 8% of women aged 25 to 34 are dependent on their parents for housing. “This is part of a m
44、ajor shift in the middle class,” declares a sociologist at Northwestern University. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. First, the marriage age is rising. Second, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally battered
45、 survivors back to parental shelters. Whats more, for some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so high that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people tend to stay home because of rising housing costs. Sallie, 26, moved back to her parents
46、home to save enough money to buy a car. Her job as a teacher provided only enough money to cover car payments and an additional loan she had taken out. Once the loan was paid off, she decided to start a modeling career. Living at home, says Sallie, continues to give her security and moral support. L
47、ucille returned home with her two daughters after a divorce. That was 12 years ago. She is 37 now, and she and her daughters still live with Lucilles mother, who has welcomed having three generations in the same house. Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mos
48、t psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Offspring, struggling to establish separate identities, can feel a sense of defeat and failure. And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves burdened with responsibilities. Time to talk 1long bl
49、ack hair, lean on the railing along the road, further back, a crashed car, absorbed in, forgot what he was doing, drove into the railing, still looking at herIn this picture we see a beautiful woman leaning on the railing along the road, looking at the river in the distance. Shes got long, black hai
50、r, and is dressed nicely. Further in the background we see a white car crashed into the railing. I guess the driver had kept looking at the woman. He was so absorbed in her beauty that he forgot what he was doing and lost control of his car. Look, hes still looking at her!Time to talk 2getting shave