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1、小学英语语法I 询问名字年龄。1, -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字？-My name is _. -我叫。2, -How old are you? -你几岁了？-I m 12. -我十二岁。I I 询问颜色。1, -What colour is it? -它是什么颜色的？-It s yellow and white. -黄白相间。2, -What colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？-Theyre green. -绿色的。III 询问数量或价钱。1, -How many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝？-I can see 12
2、. - 我可以看见十二只风筝。2, -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔？-I have 16. - 我有十六支。3, -How many people are there in your family? -你家有几口人？-Three. - 三口人。4, -How much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？-It s ninety-nine yuan. - 九十九元。5, -How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？-Theyre thirty -five yuan. - 三十五元。IV 询问时间或日期。
3、1, -What time is it now? -现在几点钟？-It s nine oclock. Its time for English class. -九点。该上英语课了。(-It s eight oclock. Its time to go to bed.) （-八点。该上床睡觉了。）2, -What day is it today? -今天星期几？-It s Monday. -星期一。(-What do we have on Mondays? （-我们星期一上哪些课？-We have Chinese, English, math ) -语文、英语、数学 ）3, -When is y
4、our birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？-It s October 1st, our National Day. -十月一日，国庆节。4, -When do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？-I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我们通常 8：30 做早锻炼。V 询问方位或地方。1, -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？-It s here, under the chair. -在这儿，在椅子下面。2, -Where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿？-I
5、t s on the first floor. -在一楼。3, -Where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？-Theyre in the door . -在门上。4, -Excuse me. Where is the library, please? -对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿？-It s near the post office. -在邮局附近。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页5, -Where are you from? -你从哪儿来？-I m from China. -我从中国来。6, -Whe
6、re does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的？-It comes from the clouds. -它是从云层里来的。VI 询问想吃的东西。1, -What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -你早餐 /中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？-I d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. -我想吃面包和牛奶 /米饭和汤。2, -Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-Hamburgers and orange j
7、uice. -汉堡包和橙汁。VII 询问天气状况。1, -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天气如何？-It s rainy today. How about New York? -今天是雨天。纽约呢？-It s sunny and hot. -今天是晴天，天气很热。VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。1, -How do you feel? -你感觉如何？-I feel sick. - 我觉得不舒服。2, -Whats the matter? -怎么了？-My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. -我的喉咙疼。
8、3, -How are you, Sarah? You look so sad. -你好吗，莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。-I failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过。IX 询问职业、身份或人物。1, -What s your father / mother? -你的父亲/ 母亲是做什么的？-Hes a doctor. / Shes a teacher. -他是一名医生。 / 她是一名教师。2, -What does your mother / father do? -你的母亲/ 父亲是做什么的？-Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher.
9、He teaches English.-她是一名电视台记者。 /他是一名教师。他教英语。3, -Who s that man / woman? -那位男士/ 女士是谁？-Hes my father. / Shes my mother. -他是我父亲。/ 她是我母亲。4, -Who s this boy / girl? -那个男孩儿/ 女孩儿是谁？-Hes my brother. / Shes my sister. -他是我兄弟。/ 她是我姐妹。5, -Who s your art teacher? -你们的美术老师是谁？-Miss Wang. -王老师。-Whats she like? -她长
10、什么样儿？-Shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。X 询问兴趣、喜好。1, -Whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜欢的食物/ 饮料是什么？-Fish / orange juice. -鱼。 / 橙汁。2, -Whats your favourite season? -你最喜欢的季节是什么？-Winter. -冬天。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页(-Which season do you like best? （-你最喜欢哪个季节？-Winter.)
11、 -冬天。）-Why do you like winter? -你为什么喜欢冬天？-Because I can make a snowman. -因为可以堆雪人。3, -Whats your hobby? -你的爱好是什么？-I like collecting stamps. -我喜欢集邮。-Whats his hobby? -他的爱好是什么？-He likes riding a bike. -他喜欢骑自行车。4, -Do you like peaches? -你喜欢吃桃子吗？-Yes, I do. / No, I dont. -喜欢。 / 不喜欢。XI 询问平时一般或通常做的事情。1, -W
12、hat do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六/ 周末一般做什么？-I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. -我通常做作业，有时候踢足球。XII 询问正在做的事情。1, -What are you doing? -你在做什么？-I m doing the dishes. -我在洗盘子。2, -Whats your father doing? -你父亲正在做什么？-Hes writing an e-mail. -他正在写电子邮件。3, -Whats Mike doing? -
13、迈克正在干什么？-Hes watching insects. -他正在观察昆虫。4, -Whats the tiger doing? -那只老虎在干什么？-It s running. -它在奔跑。5, -What are the elephants doing? -那些大象在干什么？-Theyre drinking. -它们正在喝水。XIII 询问将要做的事情。1, -What are you going to do? -你准备做什么？-I m going to the cinema. -我准备去看电影。-When are you going to do? -你准备什么时候去？-This af
14、ternoon. -今天下午。2, -Where are you going this afternoon? -今天下午你准备到哪儿去？-I m going to the bookstore. -我准备到书店去。-What are you going to buy? -你打算买点儿什么？-I m going to buy a comic book. -我准备买本漫画书。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页时态：1、一般现在时态一般在这个时态里会出现always 、usually 、often、seldom 、neve
15、r。这表是平率。找到这些词后，再找人称。如果人是一个人的话（单数），动词就加s或 es，有时候会去 f 或 fe 为 v+es，甚至不规则变化。例如：fish 变为 fish。如果人是两个人以上动词就不变。2、现在进行时be 动词=动词的 ing 形式。例如： The boy is sing. 男孩正在唱歌。因为一个男孩是单数所以 be 动词用 is。The children are playing 。孩子们正在玩耍。因为孩子们是两个人以上（children 是复数，单数为 child）所以 be 动词用 are。3、过去时态找时间，再把动词改为过去式。动词的过去式要死记硬背。例如：I ate
16、 an apple last night. （昨晚我吃了个苹果。）4、将来时态表示将来要做的事情。 isare going to+ 动词原形。或者will +动词原形。例如：Mary is going to shopping tomorrow.（Mary 明天打算去购物。）换一种说法就是 Mary will shopping tomorrow. 5、过去完成时态要背过去分词。 havehas been 。been 代表过去分词。 例如：go-gone （去）eat-eaten （吃）简要语法1.人称代词主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her
17、him it them 形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后 +er older taller longer stronger, etc 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页(2) 多音节词前 +more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母，再 +er bigger fatter, etc. (4)
18、把 y 变 i，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化：well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可数词的复数形式大多数名词+ s a book books 名词以 y 结尾，变 y+ ies ， a storystories 名词以 s, sh, ch,x 结尾+es a glass glasses a watch-watches 名词以 o 结尾 +s 或+es a piano pianos a mango mangoes 名词以 f 或 fe 结尾，去 f 或 fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelve
19、s 4.不可数名词 (单复数形式不变 ) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式I m = I amyoure = you are shes = she is hes = he isit s = it iswhos =who iscant =can not isn t=is not 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. 介词: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间：at six oclock, at Chris
20、tmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词one first two-second three-third twenty-twentieth 9. Some /any 一般式用 some I have some toys in my bedroom. 疑问或否定用 any Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 动词(1) 基本态: am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句I am(
21、not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页（3）一般疑问句：Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.11. there be 结构肯定句：There is a There a
22、re 一般疑问句 : Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there ? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否定句：There isn t . There aren t .12. 祈使句Sit down please Dont sit down, please.13. 现在进行时 .通常用 “now”.形式： be + 动词+ing I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 动词
23、ing 的形式大多数动词 +ing walkwalking 动词以 e 结尾，去 e + ing come coming 动 词 最 后 一 个 字 母 前 是 元 音 ， 双 写 最 后 一 个 字 母 +ing run running swimswimming 14 一般现在时。通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式：肯定句：I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑问句 : Do you jump high? Yes, I do.
24、/ No, I dont.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.否定句： We don t go to school on Sundays.My mother doesn t like watching TV in the evening.15. (情态)动词 can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing. 2You should keep quiet in the library. 16. 一般过去时态（a） be 动词的过去式 : I/He/she/it wa
25、s(not). You/we/they were.一般疑问句 was, were 放在句首。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页（b） 动词过去式：肯定句：I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo. 一般疑问句：Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didnt.否定句：They didn t go th
26、e part yesterday.He didn t make model ships last week.(3)动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：大多数动词+ed planted, watered, climbed 。动词以 e 结尾 +d liked。动词以 y 结尾，变 y 为 i+ed studystudied 动词最后一个字母前是元音，双写最后一个字母+ing stop -stopped 不规则动词的变化：is/amwas arewere dodid have/has had makemade fly-flew （发音/u:/）eatate taketook runran sings
27、ang drinkdrank 17. 以“Wh -” 开头的问句 . What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? Whats the time? Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who s the man with a big nose? Whose bag is it? When is your birthday? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? How many books are the
28、re in the school bag? How old is the young man? How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school every day? What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who s the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it? When is your birthd
29、ay? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? How many books are there in the school bag? How old is the young man? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school every day? 一 、名词的复数。名词按其数 ,可分两种 :可数名词和不可数名词 . 可数名词的复数变化规则 : 1.一般情况下 ,直接在词
30、尾加 -s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens 2.以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的词 ,在词后加 -es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, 3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ,变 y 为 i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries 4.以 f 或 fe 结尾的 ,变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, 5.以 o 结尾的加 -es 或-s, 如: radi
31、o-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos, 6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children, 二、形容词的比较级、最高级。形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则 : 1.一般情况下 ,直接在词尾加 -er 或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest 2.以 e 结尾的 ,加-er 或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest
32、. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 , 变 y 为 i 再加-er 或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest. 4.以重读闭音节 ,一个辅音字母结尾的 ,双写该字母 ,再加-er 或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest. 5.多音节的词 ,前加 more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.
33、good-better-best 三、时 态 小 结时态定义特征动词的变化规则一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/usually 第三人称单数的变化情况 : 1. 一般情况在词尾直接加 -s 2. 以 ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的词加-es 3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 ,将 y改成 i 再加-es 现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况 : 1. 一般情况在词尾直接加 -ing 2. 以 e 结尾的词 ,去掉 e 再加-ing 3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词 ,双写最后一个字母加 -i
34、ng 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况 . 1yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2.last year/month 3.a minute ago/an hour ago 4.this morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况 : 1. 一般情况在词尾直接加 -ed 2. 以 e 结尾的词加 -d 3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 ,将 y改成 i 再加-ed 4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词 ,双写最后一个字母加 -ed 一般将来时表示将要发生的事情1.tomorrow 2.the day after tomorrow/ 3
35、.The next day/Monday4.at the weekend/tonight 5.tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形be +形容词凡是在 must, mustnt, can, cant, lets, don t, may，will 后的一定要用动词的原形四、be 动词,助动词。现阶段 be 动词形式有 : am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, weren t, wasn t助动词形式有 : do, does, did, dont, doesn t, didnt1
36、. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有 be 动词的就在 be 动词上变化 ,变 “ 过去”, “否定”;否定过去否定am-am not( 第一人称“I ” )am, is - was - wasntis - isn t(第三人称 ) are -were - werentare- aren t (you 和其它人称 ) 2. 没有 be 动词的就要加助动词 ; 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页否定过去过去否定do -dont-did- didn tdoes( 第三人称单数 )-doesnt -did- didn t
37、五人称代词主语物主代词宾格形容词性名词性I my mine me she her hers her he his his him it its its it you your yours you we our ours us they their theirs them 六特殊疑问词 What is this? What is this in English? What is the matter? What is the weather like? What is the country like? What is she/he/ What do you like? What What do
38、es he do? What do you have for?What colour?What class ?What grade ?What time ?What day ?What do/do es/did+ ? How How are you? How old ?How many ?How much ?How long ?How do/does/did+?Which +n.+ （be 动词/助动词） +?Whose+ n.+ （be 动词/助动词） +?Where+ v. （be 动词/助动词） +sb. + ?When +v. （be 动词/助动词） + sb.+ ?Who +v. （be 动词/助动词 /行为动词） +sb.+ ?Why +v. （be 动词/助动词） + sb. +?有 can, will, must 这几个词的句子，所有的句型转换都在此词变化。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页