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1、精品资料BEC中级写作评分标准.BEC中级写作评分标准：(语言、语法、组织和文体)级别第一部分分数第二部分分数5全部完成答题要求l 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥l 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。l 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。l 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。l 语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。9或10分18或20分4较好的完成答题要求l 所有内容点都处理得不错。l 大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。l 结构合理，用词准确。l 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。l 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。7或8分14或16分3尚能达到答题要求l 所有的主要内容
2、点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。l 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。l 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。l 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。l 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。5或6分10或12分2不能完全达到答题要求l 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。l 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷惑。l 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。l 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。l 语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。3或4分6或8分1未能达到答题要求l 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。l 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。l 题目要求的结构和词
3、汇几乎没有提到。l 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。l 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。1或2分2或4分0什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%，或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。0分0分评分五个方面：1 content2 language3 structure & vocabulary4 organisation展开论述上面的5个方面1 内容的完整性2 语言 6C原则1准确(correctness) 包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。 (1)恰当的语言风格 请比较下面两组例词： Formal Informa
4、l approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize AboutAskfind outreceivehelpsharebuildbuygiveenoughharduse (2)准确的措词和信息 下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分： a lot / allotall right / alright cannot / can not different from / different than .
5、due to / because of effect / affect fewer / less lie / lay principal / principle that /whichtheir / them / they re wait for / wait on who / whom (3)正确的语法和标点符号 (4)正确的拼写 2清楚(Clarity) (1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization) 常用的逻辑布局方法包括： 因果关系(Cause & Effect) 时间顺序(Chronological Development) 序列顺序(Sequential Develop
6、ment) 比较(Comparison) 一般到特殊(From General to Specific) 特殊到一般(From Specific to General) (2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs) 例句： 修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后: Marshall Corporat
7、ion was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence) (4)强调(Emphasis) 位置 重复 数量 技巧 (5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。 比较下面三对句子：A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.They bought a bicycle for $25.00
8、in a small shop in Beijing.B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.(6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。
9、We shall take a firm line with the firm We shall take a strong line with the film 3简洁(Conciseness)A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines.B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the
10、delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C .We require furniture which is of the new type. We require new-type furniture.(1) 使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)尽量使用 避免使用pleasewill you be good enough topreferexpress a preference forbecausefor th
11、e reason that(2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)as the case may beit has come to my attentionat an early age avail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawn pursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact that thanking you in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you und
12、er separate cover with kindest regards I wish to state(3) 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。 WordyConcise1. We would like toplease2. For the month of Augustfor August3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknow4. A long period of timea long time5. At this timenow6. Is at t
13、his timeis7. The weight was higher thanthe weight was greater than8. I expected it to beexpected9. During the year of 1995during 199510. For the development offor developing11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas12. The problem was that the car would notthe car would not start start13. Square in shapesqu
14、are14. in accordance with your requestyou requested15. Sign on the front of this formsign this form16. During the time thatwhile17. Consensus of opinionwe agree18. Remember the fact thatremember19, Held a meetingmet20. this is the situation at this timenow(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts) A. It sh
15、ould be noted that this is the best we can do,B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.1. as soon as possible by July 102. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated3. at all times always4. at this time now5. continue to utilize the
16、 old form untilstart using the new form on February such time as the new form is available6. despite the fact thatdespite7. for the month of Aprilfor April8. for obvious reason thatbecause9. I would ask that youpleaseI0. in conjunction withwith11. in the mere recent pastrecently12. in the unlikely e
17、vent thatif13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting be on time, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact thatbecause15. it will be greatly appreciated if youplease16. our production of the new product willproduction will begin on July 1 commence on
18、July 117. please be advised that we expect you toplease review the contract review the enclosed contract(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week Johnsons will pay their accounts next week4具体(Concreteness)(1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。A. These brakes can stop a car wit
19、hin a short distance. These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minut
20、e. (2) 使用具体词汇 A. We have no hesitation in advising you We advise youB. The preparation of new price scale is in hand. New price scales are being prepared this week.C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,As the request is unusual,a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, conven
21、ient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less 5完整(Completeness) 自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)? 6礼貌(Courtesy) 例如：Dear Mrs. Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on handYo
22、urs truly,修改： Dear Mrs. Walters If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock. The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. w
23、e will ship it as soon as you give us the word.Yours sincerely(1) 使用礼貌友好的词汇A. 说“Thank you , 例如:Thank you for your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information.(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)Writer emphasis: We are shipping you
24、r order on Friday.Reader emphasis:You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.Reader emphasis:To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis:I was pleased to hear that the project wa
25、s completed.Reader emphasis:Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis:A week a
26、go you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our other services as occasion may require.(3) 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)a避免采用消极性的词汇或句式Negative Wording:The office is closed after four Oclock,Posit
27、ive Wording:The office is open until four Oclock.Negative Wording:When I received your complaint, I checked our records.Positive Wording:When I received your letter, I checked our records.Negative Wording:Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.Positive Wording:The picture w
28、as blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.Negative Wording:You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:Please refer to my June 10th letter.Negative Wording:The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording:Several members of the Executive Board inquire
29、d about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?Negative Wording:Your letter was not clear.Positive Wording:I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.b.有失礼貌的言词We deny your claimcomplaintWe do not believec
30、onfusionWe are not surecontraryWe find it difficult to understandcontrivanceWe expectdelinquentWe insistdenyWe are forceddisagreeableWe take issueexasperateYou forgotfailureYou neglectedignoranceYou failed toimpatienceYou misunderstoodincompetentYou mustincredibleYou should knowinexcusableYou do not
31、 haveinferenceYou are delinquentinsincereYou insist thatinsinuateYou did not sayinsultingYour ignoringintolerableYour credit refusalirresponsibleYour recent complaintirritatedYour failure tolackYour misunderstandingneglectYour neglectful attitudeobjectionYour disregard forobnoxiousYour insinuationof
32、fensiveYour lack of communicationunbelievableYour delinquent accountuncooperative(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语A用“person”代替第三人称单数。例如:Instead of:Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.Say:Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.B有一些常用的商务英语词汇有
33、性别歧视之嫌，应该稍加改变。 Instead of SayBusinessman workmen Chairman Foremen Salesman Spokesman Stockboy Workman business personemployees/workerchairpersonsupervisorssales representative / sales personspokespersonstock clerkemployee / worker(5) 及时答复(Timely Response)例：We will examine your camera to determine th
34、e shutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs.例：Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he retur
35、ns.连贯和衔接（一）连贯 (coherence) 常见连接词有：1表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing for another,On (the) one handon the other hand,Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,2表示时间顺序now, at present, rece
36、ntly,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the momentform now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, notuntil, before, after, whe
37、n, while, as during,3表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreoverfurthermore, in fact, actually4表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the otherhand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after al
38、l,5表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor6表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, sothat, suchthat7表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless8表示让步关系though, although, as, ev
39、en if, even though, whether or, however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)9表示举例for example, for instance, such as, take for example10表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as,11表示目的f
40、or this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,12表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,13表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been st
41、ated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,（二）衔接 (cohesion)1返指（referring back）例：Davis opened a door. “Here is your room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy.” He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer.The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the
42、 dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by.I held her very close. My cheek was against hers.例：The women were asked to leave. Some of them refused.The earthquake killed 24,000 people and insured 77,000.例：A man and a woman were struggling up the dune. The man wore
43、shorts. The woman wore a print dress.2预指（referring forward）有多种方法可用来指代将要提及的事务。例如：This chapter will follow the same pattern as the previous one.In the next chapter, we will examine this theory in detail.The overlap can be seen in the table below.3省略（Ellipsis）例如：They can distinguish finer detail than w
44、e can.例如：They would stop if they could.I never did go to Stratford, although I probably should have.例如：I think we want it more than they do.例如：At last he agreed to do what I asked him to.文体：非正式文体Thanks for your letter. I got it 14 Sept. Ive sent a copy to comp HQ along with a memo re your financial situa