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1、_ 河北海兴中学20XX年高考英语阅读理解专项分类突破题库（地理类） 1 Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the
2、United States. Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha” the land of fire. Death Valleys present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Vall
3、ey has been declared a National Monument 纪念碑 and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place. Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the
4、moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures 沙雕 stand on a frightening groun
5、d, as evening shadows move and lengthen. 1. _ is the lowest place in the desert. A. Tomesha B. Death ValleyC. NevadaD. Badwater2. The name of the valley comes from _. A. an Indian name B. the death of the minersC. the local people D. a National Movement3. From the passage we can learn that _. A. no
6、one had ever known the desert before the minersB. its still not easy to travel across the desertC. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desertD. people have changed the natural sight of the desert4. Devil Golf Course is famous for _. A. the frequent wind B. the colors of the sandC.
7、dream-like sights D. the sand sculptures5. From the passage we can see that the writer _ the Death Valley. A. appreciates B. is fearful of C. dislikes D. is tired of【答案解析】本文介绍了美国的一个著名沙漠“死亡谷”名称的由来以及 “死亡谷”奇特的风光。1. D。细节题。根据 and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowe
8、st point in the United States 可推知此题答案为 D。2. B。推断题。根据 when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story 可知“死亡谷”的名称来源于这些迷路矿工的死亡。3. C。推断题。根据 well-marked roads where good services can be found easily 可以判断 C 为最
9、佳答案。4. C。细节题。根据 where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams 可推知答案为 C。5. A。推断题。根据the special beauty of this placelike the sights on the moon ever-changingshowing the most unusual colors等关键词语可以知道作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述“死亡谷”的。 2 The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built
10、in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York dev
11、elop into the nations largest city.The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges 过运河费 were stopped, the state collected $121 461 891.For
12、 a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch 沟 ”. C
13、linton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful. Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y
14、. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.1. We can see that the Erie Canal _. A. joined the Great Lakes togetherB. crossed New York from north to southC. played an important part in developing
15、New York CityD. was the first waterway built in the US2. It can be inferred that _ into the Atlantic Ocean.A. the Great Lakes flowB. the Hudson River flowsC. Lake Erie flowsD. the Erie Canal flows3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $11
16、4, 000, 000.B. Its 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.D. Many other states helped New York built the canal.4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both e
17、nds.B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor.C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time.D. Construction of the canal took eight years. 14 CBAD 【答案与解析】本文介绍了Erie Canal的作用及修建过程。1. C。细节题。根据文章第1段最后一句The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city
18、 及全段内容，可推知此题答案为C。2. B。推断题。根据文章第1段第2句和第3句：运河from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River 横跨了New York 把the Great Lakes和the Atlantic Ocean联系起来了可推知此题答案为B。3. A。推断题。通过比较文章第2段第2句 It cost $ 7, 143, 789 和第2段最后一句中的the state collected $121, 461, 891可推知此题答案为A。4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段第1句中的on July 4, 181
19、7, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. 和第2段第2句中的 Between 1825, when the canal was opened 可推知此题答案为D。自然类 1 The blue tits 山雀 have been inspecting the nest-box again this year. The male is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice. He lands at the hole and turns his head to expose
20、his white cheeks as a signal to attract the female from where she has been feeding. Among many birds that nest in holes, the male has a light-coloured patch on its plumage 鸟羽 which acts as signal for drawing the females attention to a suitable nesting-place. Unlike the blue tit, the redstart 红尾鸲 may
21、 be only the male that strikingly coloured and the female is not beautiful. A few years ago I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in action in a Walsh wood. The male was leading an interested female to holes that he had previously 先前 checked out. He sat at the entrance of each hole and put
22、his head on to show off his white forehead, or his head in to reveal 显露 his tail. If the female failed to react to his visual signals, the male sometimes sang for extra effect, while gliding towards her on spread wings and tail. Once the female accepts by following the male through the hole the disp
23、lays stop, you must be at the right place at the right time to watch them. 1. How do the blue tits choose their nest?A. They choose their nest together. B. The male chooses their nest. C. The house-hunter chooses their nest. D. The female chooses their nest. 2. The writer was lucky to see _. A. how
24、the male made his tricksB. how an interested female played with the male happilyC. what the male displayed and won the femaleD. that the male tried his best but failed to attract the female3. You can spot a pair of redstarts in a Walsh wood _. A. at any timeB. regularly C. in April D. occasionally4.
25、 The writer is probably _. A. a bird expert B. a bird-hunterC. a bird raiser D. a scientist【答案与解析】本文主要是讲the male redstart 是怎样使出浑身解数吸引the female入巢的。1. D。细节题。从第1段第2句话The male is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice 可以做出正确选择。2. C。判断题。从第3段第1句I was lucky enough to spot a pair of red
26、starts in action in a Walsh wood 和文章第三、四段的内容可知答案为C。3. D。语义理解题。根据 A few years ago I was lucky enough to和you must be at the right place at the right time to see them 可知答案为D。4. A。推断题。从文章内容来看，文中不仅提到了鸟的一些习性，而且对雄鸟如何吸引雌鸟入巢了解得很清楚，可见作者可能是一位研究鸟类的专家。 2 Although man has known asbestos for many hundreds of years
27、, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for 对负责 the opening of that first mine. Mr. Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. He expe
28、rimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that h
29、e was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to transport carry them from Italy to the United States, Mr. Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great v
30、ein 岩脉 , in the province of Quebec in Canada. Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated, a stran
31、ge thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres 纤维 . Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads 线 , but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”.1. Which title best expresses the main idea of th
32、is passage?A. Asbestos mined in CanadaB. Fireproof matterC. A “wonder” mineralD. A new roofing material2. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by_.A. going into roofing businessB. carrying asbestos from ItalyC. sending a trained scientistD. showing the use of asbestos gloves3. Which is the most im
33、portant character of asbestos that the author wants to show us? A. It is like thread.B. It feels soapy.C. It burns easily.D. It is unusually heavy.4. The authors main purpose in writing this passage was to _.A. show the need for more scientistsB. compare asbestos with other mineralsC. increase the s
34、ales of asbestosD. present facts about asbestos【答案解析】本文讲述了耐火材料石棉在北美的开采过程及它的神奇耐火作用。1. C。主旨题。短文主要介绍了石棉的神奇作用。故C最佳。2. D。细节题。根据 After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands 可推知，他是用当场演示的方法来推销他的产品的。故答案为D。3. A。推断题。根据When it is separated,
35、 a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres 纤维 及 Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into thread 可以断定答案为A。4. D。推断题。从短文中可以看出来作者写这篇文章只不过陈述事实而已。历史类Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Somet
36、imes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a womans shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique 独特的 about this shoe is where
37、 it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away goods that she
38、 didnt need in order to travel lighter?Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold we
39、ather. The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks 背包 each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to
40、 get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greate
41、st adventures in the 19th century. 1. The ordinary womans leather shoe is considered unusual because _. A. it was an important clue to life in the past B. it was found on a famous trail C. it at one time belonged to a VIP D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time 2. According to this passage, many p
42、eople who went to Alaska _. A. eventually became millionaires B. brought with them many shoes C. had conflicts with the Eskimos D. were not properly equipped 3. The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one years supplies with them so that _. A. they would not die of hunger and cold B. the arm
43、y would have enough food for fighting a war C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos D. the supplies would make Alaska rich 4. No matter what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, _. A. she must have lived a happy life B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose C. her adventurous spir
44、it is definitely admired D. her other shoes were equally fashionable 【答案与解析】本文由在Alaska州博物馆所陈列的一只旧鞋而引出的对当时情况的介绍及表达了对这只鞋的主人敬佩之情。1. B。细节题。根据第1段中的 But what is unique about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail可推知此题答案为B。2. D。细节题。根据第2段最后一句Unprepared for
45、such a dangerous journey可推知此题答案为D。3. A。推断题。根据第2段最后一句及第3段第1句可推知此题答案为A。4. C。细节题。根据文章最后一句可推知此题答案为C。科技类 1 With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone 克隆 the animal and save the endangered species 物种 . Thats a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researc
46、hers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark”. Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos 胚胎 , semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & Ms Co
47、llege of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future. It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. The entire procedure could take from