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1、高考化学第一轮复习乙醇的分子结构和醇类的化学性质学案醇 醇类学案高考第一轮复习乙醇的分子结构和醇类的化学性质学案有机分子式和分子结构的测定:为了测定某有机物的分子结构,做如下实验:将一定质量的该有机物充分燃烧,可得0.1mol CO2和0.15mol H2O;用质谱仪测定其相对分子质量,得如图一所示的质谱图;用核磁共振仪处理该化合物,得到如图二所示图谱,图中3个峰的面积之比为1:2:3。请推断该有机物的分子式和可能的结构。 分子式: ;结构式: 醇的性质:1羟基H的活泼性0.1 mol 某有机物完全燃烧后生成0.3 mol CO2 ,同质量的该有机物与足量的金属钠反应生成0.1 mol H2
2、,该有机物可能是( ) A丙三醇 B1,2丙二醇 C1,3丙二醇 D乙二醇乙醇能否与NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3反应? 2醇的还原性 思考1探究:某实验小组用下列装置进行乙醇的催化氧化实验。 实验过程中铜网出现红色和黑色交替的现象,请写出相应的化学方程式: 、 。在不断鼓入空气的情况下,熄灭酒精灯,反应仍能继续进行,说明该反应是 反应(填放热或吸热)。 甲和乙两个水浴作用不相同。甲的作用是 ;乙的作用是 。 反应进行一段时间后,试管a中能收集到不同的物质,它们是 。集气瓶中收集到的气体的主要成分是 。若试管a中收集到的液体用紫色石蕊试纸检验,试纸显红色,说明液体中还含有 。实验评价:如
3、下两套装置都可以实现醇到醛的氧化,你认为哪套装置更有意义?3醇与卤代烃的转化(反应类型 )4醇与烯烃的转化(反应类型 ) 思考2是不是所有的醇都能发生消去反应? 能发生消去反应的醇的分子结构特点是什么? 5. 醇的酯化反应醇的重要化学性质在合成上的应用:乙醇是有机合成中的一种重要原料,如可以用来合成应用非常广泛的聚酯类材料聚乙二酸乙二醇酯,该聚酯结构如下:请以乙醇为唯一有机原料(其他无机原料自选),合成聚乙二酸乙二醇酯。合成路线:有关反应方程式:结束语!祝大家学到有用的知识,提升自己的能力,实现自己的梦想,踏踏实实干好每一件事,为美好的明天而努力!16haud0,rqk05i.q4dhywr,
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