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1、精品资料1986年考研英语真题及答案解析.1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled A, B, C andD. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On We
2、dnesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed 3 she wou
3、ld leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesita
4、ted for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week. 8 ,
5、 she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?” She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.” “Weve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you
6、ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didnt need, left the shop hurriedly. 276 words1. A soB moreC elseD another2. A takingB makingC fixingD keeping3. A buyB boughtC buyingD to have bought4. A in a wayB by the wayC
7、 in the wayD on the way5. A behindB roundC backD on6. A doubtedB wonderedC puzzledD delighted7. A atB forC withD in8. A WhyB WhenC HowD What9. A jumpB leapC laughD wonder10.A placeB backC sideD frontSection IIReading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each
8、 question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering
9、, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather t
10、han the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, t
11、o begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist and especially the administrator deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with
12、planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people,
13、though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you - but this is pure accident. Certainly
14、 you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.11. There is a
15、n increasing demand for _.12.The specialist is _.A all round people in their own fieldsA a man whose job is to train other peopleB people whose job is to organize other peoples workB a man who has been trained in more than one fieldsC generalists whose educational background is either technical or p
16、rofessionalC a man who can see the forest rather than the treesD specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to othersD a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters13. The administrator is _.14. During your training period, it is important_.A a “trai
17、ned” man who is more a specialist than a generalistA to try to be a generalistB a man who sees the trees as well as the forestB to choose a profitable jobC a man who is very strong in the humanitiesC to find an organization which fits youD a man who is an “educated” specialistD to decide whether you
18、 are fit to be a specialist or a generalist15. A mans first job _.A is never the right job for himB should not be regarded as his final jobC should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobText 2At the
19、 bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than
20、one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered ro
21、ughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world - the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This
22、cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that in
23、cludes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia - a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.16. The best title for this selection would be _.17. At the time t
24、his article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was _.A IcelandA very limitedB Land of OpportunityB vastC The Unknown ContinentC fairly richD Utopia at LastD nonexistent18. Antarctica is bordered by the _.19. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by _.A Pacific OceanA cold airB Indian O
25、ceanB calm seasC Atlantic OceanC iceD All threeD lack of knowledge about the continent20. According to this article _.A 2,000 people live on the Antarctic ContinentB a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South PoleC weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settl
26、ements impracticalD only a handful of natives inhabit AntarcticaSection IIIEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any cl
27、ear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. (21) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. (22) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspect
28、ive of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. (23) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (24) Most students would, I
29、believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders” with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to ha
30、ve been an archaeologist. If I hadnt taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldnt have ended up as an interpreter, but its too late now. I couldnt go back and begin all over again.”(25) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of ones time at university. (26) T
31、his is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. (27) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world i
32、s all about. (28) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists i
33、gnorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.答案及解析：Section I Close Test一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。 二、试题具体分析1
34、. A so这么，那么B more更多C else其他的，别的D another另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。快速解题空格所在部分For an hour or 1 是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“左右，上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。因此选Aso。 篇章分析文章第句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（句）。句间通过On Wedne
35、sday afternoonsFor an hour or soAnd thenanother hour时间链条，in the marketup and down between the stalls（leave the market）for the streetsfurniture shop地点链条实现衔接。空格设置此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语or so，表示约指，例句：There were 20 people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的副词。else用于疑问句或nothing，something，everybody等之后，如：What el
36、se did he say?他还说了些什么？or else意为“要不然，否则”，是连词词组，引导句子，如：Hurry up or else youll be late.快点，否则你就要迟到了。2. A takingB makingC fixingD keeping本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配。快速解题空格处填入的现在分词其宾语为a sharp lookout for，与上文两个分词短语looking at, buying并列，都是句子谓语动词的伴随状语，共同描述人物的购物行为。lookout来自动词短语look out（留心寻觅；当心，提防），指“观察所，瞭望台（人员）”，keep a loo
37、kout （for sb/sth）为固定短语，意为“注意，留心”，它代入文中，指“敏锐地留意有时会出售的便宜货”，符合文意，因此选D keeping。篇章分析句较长，主干为she would walk，副词短语up and down（来回地）与介词短语between the stalls（穿梭于售货摊之间）都是walk的状语，分别表示方式与地点；looking，buyingand keeping三个并列的分词短语是walkstalls的伴随动作。其中在keeping分词短语中又含有一个that引导的定语从句修饰bargains。空格设置本题考查动词短语，其中中心动词keep与宾语lookout
38、都可设空。例句：The public should keep a lookout for symptoms of the disease.公众应当留心这种疾病的症状。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的简单动词，但不符合搭配。3. A buyB boughtC buyingD to have bought本题考核的知识点是：独立结构。快速解题空格所在部分是“with+逻辑主语（all the things she needed）+_3_”独立结构，在句中做状语，其中she needed是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，后置修饰things，即“她需要的所有东西”。Abuy是原形动词，不用于独立结构中。
39、Dto have bought是不定式的完成式，用在这里不符合文意。Bbought和Cbuying分别为过去分词和现在分词，由于things与buy是被动的逻辑关系，因此选B，即“她需要的所有东西都（被）买好之后”。篇章分析句主干是she would leave the market for the streets of the town，句首with独立结构表示时间，to spend不定式短语做目的状语。leavefor表示“离开（某地）去”。 空格设置本题考查由介词with引导的独立结构。其中逻辑主语all the things和过去分词bought之间为一个省略了关系代词的定语从句she
40、 needed，构成解答本题的最大障碍。干扰项设置其他项都设置为动词buy的不同形式，需要考生理清句子结构作出判断。4. A in a way在某种程度上，不完全地 B by the way顺便提一下，问一句C in the way（）以的方式D on the way即将去（或来）；在路途中本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配辨析。快速解题由选项可知，空格处填入一个以way为中心名词的介词短语。根据文意，只有in the way代入文中文意通顺，即“以她最喜欢的方式再度过一小时”，因此选C。篇章分析空格部分in a way是to spend的方式状语，其中she liked best是省略关系代词th
41、at的定语从句，后置修饰way。冒号后的现在分词短语looking in为the way的同位语，解释说明她再度过一小时的方式。空格设置way是含义丰富的简单词，也可构成许多固定搭配。它在文中取“方式，手段”的意思，如：Infectious diseases can be acquired in several ways.传染病的感染途径有几种。因它在文中后边接有定语从句，故前用定冠词the限定修饰。in the way还可构成固定搭配，意为“妨碍，挡路”，如：I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.我让他们单独在一起，因为我觉得我碍他们的事
42、。干扰项设置干扰项中都是way的常用固定搭配。例句：In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes.从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯最大错误之一。Whats the time, by the way?顺便问一句，几点钟了？The letter should be on its way to you.那封信该快到你那了。She stopped for breakfast on the way.她中途停下吃早点。5. A (look) behind朝后面看 B(look) round环视，四处看；转过头看C(look) back 回首，回顾 D(look) o
43、n旁观；把看作；（以某种方式）看待本题考核的知识点是：短语动词。快速解题空格所在部分是介词结构with a notice inviting，做后置定语修饰a new shop，现在分词短语inviting与notice之间是主动关系，说明通知的内容。空格处填入的副词与look构成短语动词，与walk in并列，在invite sb to do sth结构中都充当invite的宾语补足语。这部分的含义是：（商店贴出告示）邀请所有人进来并且看看。既然是逛商店，应该是“四处看”，Bround符合文意。 篇章分析句承接上文，引出Annie一次具体的橱窗购物经历，下文都是对这次经历的具体讲述。句通过On
44、e Wednesday，a new shop（特指时间和地点）与第一段中On Wednesday afternoons，furniture shop（泛指时间和地点）的呼应，实现语段衔接。空格设置本题考查由look构成的短语动词，是常规考点。例句：People came out of their houses and looked around.人们走出家门四处查看。Lets look round the town this afternoon.咱们今天下午游览市区吧。She looked round when she heard the noise.她听到响声，就回过头去看。干扰项设置其他项
45、的副词都可与look搭配，其中look back与look on是固定短语。例句：to look back on your childhood回顾自己的童年。Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked.他遭人袭击，路人只在一旁袖手旁观。Shes looked on as the leading authority on the subject.她被视为这门学科的主要权威。They looked on his behavior with contempt.他们对他的行为不屑一顾。6. A doubted怀疑的，不能肯定的B wonderedC p
46、uzzled迷惑不解的D delighted高兴的，愉悦的本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义。快速解题空格处填入一个过去分词形式的形容词，做she的主语补足语，描述主语的状态，即当她（Annie）看到一把绿色的扶手椅时，她停下了，。注意该句实际表示的含义是she stopped and she was 6 。从下文我们可看出，这把椅子对Annie有吸引力，因此，此处表示的应该是她的一种积极的情绪，只有delighted符合文意。delighted也与短首句中delightful相呼应。wonder可以表示“感到诧异，惊讶”，但它常用sb wonders主动形式，其过去分词较不常见。空格设置本题通过考查形容词实际考查了对上下文的理解。另外，这里也涉及形容词做主语补足语的语法知识。干扰项设置wonder可意为“想知道，琢磨”，常用 about sth或接wh-从句；或指“感到惊讶”，常用at sth或接that从句，如：She wondered at her stupidity.她没想到自己竟会这样愚蠢。它对delight构成同向干扰，但用法错误。doubted与puzzled构成对delighted的反向干扰。7. AatBfor CwithDin本题考核的知识点是：介词用法。快速解题空格处填入的介词后接钱数（le