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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流(1996-2010)年英语专四阅读理解 真题【精品文档】第 68 页1996年TEXT AIn the past thirty years many social changes bare taken place in Britain. The greatest of these have probably been in the economic lives of women.The changes have been significant, but because tradition and prejudice can still handica
2、p women in their working careers and personal lives, major legislation to help promote equality of opportunity and pay was passed during the 1970s.At the heart of womens changed role in society has been the rise in the number of women at work, particularly married women. As technology and society pe
3、rmit highly effective and generally acceptable methods of family planning there has been a decline in family size. Women as a result are involved in child-rearing for a much shorter time and related to this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of women with young children who return to wor
4、k when the children are old enough not to need constant care and attention.Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth to a haft. Compared with their counterparts elsewhere on the Continent, British women comprise a relatively high proportion of the work forc
5、e, about two-fifths, but on average they work fewer hours, about 31 a week There is still a significant difference between womens average earnings and mens, but the equal pay legislation which came into force at the end of 1975 appears to have helped to narrow the gap between womens and mens basic r
6、ates.As more and more women joined the work force in the 1960s and early 1970s there was an increase in the collective incomes of women as a whole and a major change in the economic role of large numbers of housewives. Families have come to rely on married womens earnings as an essential part of the
7、ir income rather than as pocket money. At the same time social roles within the family are more likely to be shared, exchanged or altered.66.The general idea of the passage is about _.A. social trends in contemporary BritainB. changes in womens economic staresC. equal opportunity and pay in BritainD
8、. womens roles within the family67.According to the author, an increasing number of married women are able to work because _.A. their children no longer require their careB. there are more jobs available nowadaysC. technology has enabled them to find acceptable jobsD. they spend far less time on chi
9、ld care than beforeTEXT BNATURES GIGANTIC SNOWPLOUGHOn January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people.
10、This disaster is one of the most devastating examples of a very common event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It just keeps piling up higher and higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that t
11、he lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long before this happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Per
12、uvian catastrophe was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely cr
13、ushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but, lucidly, they are very rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. In the future, perhaps d
14、angerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives.68.The first paragraph catches the readers attention with a _.A. first-hand reportB. dramatic descriptionC. tall taleD. vivid word picture69.In this passage devastating means _.A. violently ruinousB. spectaculary i
15、nterestingC. stunningD. unpleasant70.The passage is mostly about _.A. avalanchesB. glaciersC. PeruD. mountainsTEXT CI was born in Tuckahoe, Talbot County, Maryland. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know
16、 as little of their age as horses know of their, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant. I do not remember having ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday. They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time, harvesting, springtime, or fall time
17、. A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages, I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege. I was not allowed to make any inquires of my master concerning it. He considered all such in
18、quiries on the part of a slave improper and impertinent. The nearest estimate I can give makes me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. I come to this, from heating my master say, some time during 1835, I was about seventeen years old.My mother was named Harriet Bailey. She was the
19、 daughter of Issac and Betsey Bailey, both colored, and quite dark. My mother was of a darker complexion than either my grandmother or grandfather.My father was a white man. He was admitted to be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage. The opinion was also whispered that my maser was my fath
20、er, but of the correctness of this opinion, I know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld from me. My mother and I were separated when I was an infant before I knew her as my mother. It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a ve
21、ry early age. Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some faint a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an older woman, too old for field labor. For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless i
22、t be to hinder the development of the childs affection towards its mother.71.The author did not know exactly when he was born because _.A. he did not know who his mother wasB. there was no written evidence of itC. his master did not tell his fatherD. nobody on his farm knew anything about it72.In th
23、e mid-nineteenth century, slaves often _.A. marked their birthdays by the seasonB. did not really care how old they wereC. forgot the exact time when they were bornD. pretended not to know each others birthdays73.The authors mother told him _.A. his father was blackB. his father was whiteC. nothing
24、about his fatherD. his master was his father74.According to the passage, when the author was very young his mother _.A. run awayB. was light skinnedC. had several childrenD. was sent to work elsewhere75.The author bad not spent much time with his _.A. motherB. masterC. grandfatherD. grandmother76.Th
25、e author was most probably raised _.A. by his grandparentsB. by an old woman slaveC. with his masters supportD. together with other childrenTEXT DPLEASE RECYCLE THAT BOBSLED RUN (大雪橇滑道)For the 1992 Winter Games, French organizers constructed a new motorway, parking lots and runs for skiing in the Al
26、ps. Environmentalists screamed Disaster!. Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted green advice and avoided great blots on the landscape. The speed-skating was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena is well c
27、oncealed and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood not metal and hidden among trees. No wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first Green Games.Lillehammers opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rottin
28、g vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with $ 7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rate trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with
29、enforcement by polite requests.Environmentalists have declared partial victory, though Coca-Colas plan to decorate the town with Banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation ho
30、me or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from biathlon targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks wont be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I. O. C. claims that green awareness is now entrenched alon
31、g with sport and culture as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement from Greenpeace. Aspiring host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may
32、opt to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the 88 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement?77.Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the green issues?A. Norway.B. France.C. Arnica.D. Australia.78.In which area did the environmentalists
33、 fail in Lillehammer?A. Energy.B. Smoking.B. Housing.D. Advertising.79.Which of the following describes the I. O. C.s attitude towards the environmentalists protests?A. Trying to commit themselves.B. Showing indifference and contempt.C. Arguing for practical difficulties.D. Negotiating for gradual c
34、hanges.80.The 2002 Games might be held in_.A. OsloB. CalgaryC. SydneyD. Salt Lake City1997年TEXT AUniversity teaching in the United Kingdom is very different at both undergraduate and graduate levels from that of many overseas countries.An undergraduate course consists of a series of lectures, semina
35、rs and tutorials and, in science and engineering, laboratory classes, which in total account for about 15 hours per week. Arts students may well find that their official contact with teachers is less than this average, while science and engineering students may expect to be timetabled for up to 20 h
36、ours per week. Students studying for a particular degree will take a series of lecture courses which run in parallel at a fixed time in each week and may last one academic term or the whole year. Associated with each lecture course are seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes which draw upon, anal
37、yze, illustrate or amplify, the topics presented in the lectures, lecture classes can vary in size from 20 to 200 although larger sized lectures tend to decrease as students progress into the second and third year and more options become available. Seminars and tutorials are on the whole much smalle
38、r than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a one-to-one basis (that is, one member of staff to one student). Students are normally expected to prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials and this can take the form of researching a topic for discussion, by writing essays or by so
39、lving problems. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all one hour in length, whilst laboratory classes usually last either 2 or 3 hours. Much emphasis is put on how to spend as much time if not more studying by themselves as being taught. In the UK it is still common for people to say that they are
40、“reading” for a degree! Each student has a tutor whom they can consult on any matter whether academic or personal. Although the tutor will help, motivation for study is expected to come from the student.66.According to the passage, science and engineering courses seem to be more _ than arts courses.
41、A. motivatingB. variedC. demandingD. interesting67.Which of the following is the length of lectures or seminars or tutorials?A. 1 hour. B.2 hours.C. 3 hours.D. 15 hours.68.In British universities teaching and learning are carried out in _.A. a variety of waysB. laboratory classesC. seminars and tuto
42、rialsD. lectures and tutorialsTEXT BWho said the only way to learn about a country you can t visit is by reading a book? Dan Eckbergs television students at Hopkins High School know better. Theyre seeing countries and learning about cultures with the aid of electronic communications.Using computers,
43、 satellite hookups, and telephone hotlines, Eckbergs students have already followed a team of cyclists 11,500 miles across the continent of Africa, sat atop Mount Kilimanjaro, and sweltered in the Sahara Desert.This winter theyll interact with an expedition exploring Central America in search of the
44、 classic Maya culture.You can join them.How? By following Eckberg and his class as they track the adventures of Dan and Steve Buettner, two world-class bicyclists from U SA. Starting last month these two bicyclists, joined by archaeologists and a technical support team, are interacting with students
45、 via the Internet, the worldwide computer network.From classroom or home computer, students can make research proposals to the Buettners or the archaeologists at the various Central American locations theyve been exploring as part of their Maya Quest expedition.“We hope that someone will ask a quest
46、ion that can t readily be answered,” says Hopkins High School student Barry Anderson, “and through the online activities, an answer will be found a discovery”.Having students “discover” why a civilization as advanced as the Maya collapsed in the 9th century is one key goal for the leaders of the May
47、a Quest expedition. The more important goal is using interactive learning to discover the cause of the decline and compare it to issues we face today natural disasters, environmental problems, and war.Ten lesson plans on topics ranging from the Maya language to the Maya creation myth have been devel
48、oped for the interactive expedition.“Through a combination of live call-in television and the Internet, ”says Eckberg, “were hoping to build excitement and engagement in learning in our school.”69.Dan Eckberg and his students learn about Africa by _.A. reading booksB. watching video tapesC. interacting via the InternetD. cycling 11,500 miles70.Which of the following activities is NOT involved in Dan Eckberg and his students expedition?