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1、高考英语题型分类汇编：阅读理解之社会生活类高考资源网高考英语汇编 阅读理解之社会生活类高考题【全国II】(A)Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking
2、 that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold e
3、nough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig i
4、nto snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfro
5、zen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章给养宠物的人们提供了一些实用的建议。天气恶劣的时候，把宠物放在家里；天气寒冷的时候，注意让宠物有干净的水喝。41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They buil
6、d their own shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.【答案】D【解析】根据“Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.”可知，猫等宠物也像人一样习惯于暖和的住所。所以D正确。【考点定位】考查判断推理。42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. To know
7、 when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.【答案】A【解析】根据第二段中的“If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.”可知：当你感到冷的时候就会进房间，它们也是如此。所以A正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解。43. If p
8、ets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may _.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild【答案】A【解析】根据文章第三段中的“a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink”可知，当水盆被冻之后，宠物就可能找不到干净的水喝。故选A。【考点定位】考查细节理解。44. What is
9、the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的中心句“There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.”可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是为了给养宠物的人们一些实用的建议。【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。(B)You may think that sailing i
10、s a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must
11、think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle (角度) to
12、 the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动). It shou
13、ldnt look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go
14、 first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，风向决定着帆船的运动速度。后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors strength.B. Wave level
15、s.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.【答案】C【解析】根据第二段中的“First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?”可知风向是决定帆船最重要因素。【考点定位】考查细节理解。46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. T
16、he angle.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中的“you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动).”可知it指代the sail。【考点定位】考查猜测词义。47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight li
17、ne.B. Allow the sail to flap.C. Lower the sail.D. Tack the boat.【答案】D【解析】根据文章最后一段中的“It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking.”所以选D。tack the boat意为：改变船航向。【考点定位】考查判断推理。48. Where can you probably find the text?A.
18、In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report.【答案】A【解析】帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。【考点定位】考查推理判断。【陕西卷】CEating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that ca
19、n cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours af
20、ter exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Envir
21、onmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest
22、 compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air qualit
23、y but could also become necessary to protect public health.53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between .A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most prob
24、ably means .A. relatively high B. extremely lowC. relatively low D. extremely high55. What can we learn from the text?A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,D. Stricter regulations
25、 on pollutants should be made.56. The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertainC C8 陕西卷【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53【答案与解析】A 主旨大意题。根据本文主题句第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A
26、。54【答案与解析】C 词义猜测题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。55【答案与解析】D 事实细节题。根据最后一句可知本题选D。56【答案与解析】A 写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。【江苏卷】CMedical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsul
27、e, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in Californi
28、a have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down wh
29、en they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as
30、 a trigger. But few compounds(化合物)absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer us
31、ed a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleague
32、s reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to thei
33、r advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially r
34、eleasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.63.According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change.B. NIR light.C. Acidity change.D. UV light.64.Why in ON
35、B unsatisfactory?A.It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B.It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C.It has not come onto the market up till now.D.It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. Protected B. f
36、ormedC. exposedD. combined【考点】日常生活类说明文【文章大意】。本文围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让我们生病吃药更加安全、而且疗效好”这个主题展开研究，来展开话题的。63.【答案】B【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，应选B项。 【难度】一般64.【答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段
37、中“ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知，应选D项。【难度】较难65.【答案】C【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。【难度】一般【长难句解析】1. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and
38、 other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light.本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials的定语从句， when 引导的时间状语从句。2. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components tha
39、t make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature本句是called动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反应的) components的定语从句【湖北卷】DHow is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for
40、 a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live i
41、n a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers an
42、d sisters are a lasting force in each others lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesnt mean that the younger child
43、ren have problems with language development. Later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.A Cambridge
44、University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.One way children seek m
45、ore attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences t
46、o a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their par
47、ents. 63. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_”.A. in a different family environmentB. in a different family tradition C. in different family crisesD. in different families64. In terms of language development, later-borns _.A. get their parents individual guidance B. lea
48、rn a lot from their elder siblingsC. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly65. What was found about fights among siblings? A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B. Siblings in some families fought frequently. C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.66. The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_”. A. having qualities o