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1、采矿工程专业英语词汇手册（Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ）mining method 采矿方法；mining operation 采矿作业；transportation 运输；ventilation 通风；ground control 顶板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本；recovery 回采率；subside v. 地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层；overburden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；d
2、ip （Pitch） 倾角；hardness 硬度；strength 强度；cleavage 解理；gas，methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation 辅助作业cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破loading n. 装煤haul v. 运输，搬运drainage n.排水power n. 动力 power Supply 动力供应communication n. 通讯lighting n. 照明。disruption in produ
3、ction 停产；reduction in production 减产；compromise 折衷room and pillar 房柱式by far 到目前为止in common with 和一样underground mining 井工开采outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层；crosscut 联络巷、石门；drift 平硐；entry 平巷；development stage 开拓阶段；production stage 生产阶段；face 工作面。continuous miner 连续采煤机；haulage capacity 运输能力；main entry 主巷。barrier pilla
4、r 隔离煤柱；butt entry 区段平巷；property line 矿井边界线。shearer 滚筒采煤机planer，Plow 刨煤机surface mining 露天开采auger mining 螺旋钻开采rapid excavation 快速掘进hydraulic mining 水力采矿underground gasification 地下气化ocean mining 海洋采矿Hercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神Herculean, adj. 力气极大的；需要大力气的。herculean effort 巨大的努力inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。transporta
5、tion facility 运输设备inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的 ,通货膨胀引起的inflation n. 胀大 , 通货膨胀 , (物价)暴涨inflate v 膨胀，充气。inflationary process 通货膨胀过程名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - drive up 抬高，提高drive into 掘进到be faced with 面临monumental adj. 用以加强语气
6、非常的 , 极端的monument n.纪念碑coal reserve 煤炭储量electromechanical adj. 机电的electro(电子的 )+mechanical(机械的 ) electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业staff v. 雇用，聘用season v 适用，适应coordinate n.坐标。 v.（使）互相配合,协调，调整。a multitude（n. 多数，多量）of 大量capital investment 基本建设投资。foremost 最主要的，最重要的，1Billion 10 亿。Mt metric ton 公吨。4
7、53.5Mt = 500 million tons0.907Mt = 1 million ton put into operation 投产，投入使用raise 筹集the life of the property 矿产/井的使用年限。commercial value 市场价值，商业价值。for convenience 为了方便其见minability 可采性marketability 适销性，可销性coal reserve 煤矿nominal，名义上的 ,极小的。option 买卖选择权 ,优先购买权enter upon 开始preliminary examination 初步调查opera
8、ting mine 生产矿井to the extent that 达 到 这 种 程 度 以致. ；就.来说；在 .方面来说；adjacent to 邻近的surface topography 地面地形，表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 层组coal-bearing measure含煤地层feature 特征；地貌。structural feature 构造特征surface improvement 地面上的改造tilled area 耕地reservoir 水库power line 电力线，输电线reservation n.保留地；自然保护区on record n.留有记录的
9、,记录在案的preferred 优先 选用的，首选的traverse 导线。traverse with compass 罗盘定位。system surveying 系统测量sampling 采样have a bearing on 对有影响，与 .有关available 有效的，可用的pricing schedule 定价方案preparation treatment 洗选加工selective adj.有选择性的 ,选择的a master plan of operation 总体生产计划。serve as 用作，作为，起到作用。basis 基础，根据，依据since 引导原因状语从句justi
10、fy 调整，证明，证明是正确的，prospecting 勘探drilling pattern 钻孔布置，钻孔图式basic map 底图，基本地图log sheet 钻孔柱状图tabular adj. =table tabular record 表格记录operating management经营管理部门，经营管理名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - life expectancy 预期使用年限，使用寿命delive
11、ry of supplies 材料供应estimate of the cost 成本估计sales department 销售部门Chapter 3.3 Mine development portal 井筒expected life of the mine 矿井的设计使用年限rail haulage 轨道运输as well as 即又be of n. 具有（性质）drift 平硐shaft 立井，竖井slope 斜井main shaft 主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft 风井transfer house 中转煤仓headframe 井架hoist house 提升
12、机房，绞车房skip 箕斗cage 罐笼car dump 卸煤设备storage bin 井底煤仓deplete 耗尽、衰竭whetheror是还是pressure drop 压降net effect 净效应，有效效应， 实际结果capital cost 基建费用Chapter 4.1 Walling system introduction working face 工作面coalface：采煤工作面interconnection：切眼panel entry：区段平巷gate entry：工作面顺槽head gate ：区段皮带巷，运输巷tail gate：区段轨道巷，回风巷headentry
13、：工作面运输巷（下顺槽）tailentry：工作面回风巷（上顺槽）bleeder entry：区段回风巷cross-cut：联络巷gob, goaf：采空区end：端头Longwall mining 长壁采矿法Shortwall mining 短壁采矿法pillar system. 柱式系统longwall mining on strike 走向长壁采煤方法mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前进式采煤方法mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法inclined longwall min
14、ing 倾斜长壁开采underhand mining 俯采overhand mining 仰采Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机；Shearer，滚筒采煤机Plow，planer 刨煤机Face conveyor 工作面运输机Pan line,”溜子”Chain conveyor 链式运输机Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机Armored chain conveyor 铠装运输机Roof support system：顶板支护系统Friction props：摩擦支柱Friction metal props：摩擦支柱
15、Hydraulic prop ：液压支柱Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱Hydraulic powered self-advanced support 液压自移式支架roof support 顶板支架stage loader ：转载机panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运输机名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - electrical control 电力控制装
16、置 /设备hydraulic pump 液压泵站blast mining technology 爆破采煤工艺conventionally mechanized mining technology 普通机械化采煤fully mechanized mining technology 综合机械化采煤fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 综采放顶煤方法工作面周围地层：Overlying strata 上覆地层：Main roof 老顶，基本顶Immediate roof 直接顶Gob 采空区 -Facerib（煤壁）Floor
17、底板Underlying strata 下伏地层Ground control 顶板处理方式：（1）Caving；（2）Pack。Stable 切口，机窝dead work 准备工作，非生产性工作。Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运输机No exception 无一例外regular maintenance n.日常修理 ,定期检修Downtime 停工期 (由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间),停工时间 ,停机时间Clearance 空隙Immediate area of the face：工作面的直接区域Rib line 煤壁线，腰线heading 掘进头，平巷up to
18、 dip 沿倾斜上行Compression strength 压缩强度Underlying strata 下伏地层bed separation 离层On strike 沿走向Rad radian，弧度Cleat 解理Hold true 有效，适用Half butt cutting 半垂直切割Angle of attack 冲角virgin conditions 原始条件；Harder roof strata Softer coal seam uniformly distributed stress，the overburden weight Harder floor strata induce
19、d by mining 采动引起的Stress distribution 应力分布Deflect 偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂Cave in 冒顶，垮落Front abutment pressure 前方支承压力Side abutment pressure 侧向支承压力Rear abutment pressure 后方支承压力前方支承压力：分布范围：150m first felt/occur 出现，有反应，有感应；4560m pick up slightly略有增长，略有加速；1521m increase rapidly 迅速增长；1.5-5m 支承压力峰值peak abutment pressur
20、e magnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大小： 1.5-5 overburdern weight 后方压力： vertical pressure face area ：far below the cover load gob area：gradually increase at last：the cover load 范围： 0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness. No abutment pressure Side abutment First felt ：At the same time as the front ab
21、utment pressure 范围： from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 h 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - largest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from rib position of peak pressure：0.015h Magnitude depend on the thickness and l
22、ength of the immediate roof hanging in the gob. Gob area 采空区稳定 -Face area 工作面区Support the immediate roof Solid coal 实体煤Chapter 4 .3 Roof support system Face-to-gob distance 控顶距， 工作面到采空区的距离。Yield pressure 屈服压力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut 预切割Frames 节式支架Stroke 行程Chock support 垛
23、式支架Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶Web cut 截深Shields 掩护式支架Double link 双键Lemniscate 双纽线，四联杆Roof canopy 顶梁Chock-Shield 支撑掩护式支架leg，prop 立柱canopy 顶梁forward canopy 前梁rear canopy 尾梁caving shield 掩护梁flipper ，spauling shield 护帮板slider, jack board 插板ram ，cylinder，jack 千斤顶hose 油管emulsion 乳化液valve 阀support yielding 支架
24、卸载Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine miner，mining machine 采煤机continuous miner 连续采煤机shearer 滚筒采煤机motor 电动机、马达electric motor 电机haulage gearcase 牵引部gearhead 传动部cutter drum gearcase 滚筒截割部bedplate 底盘、底座control unit 控制装置chain 链条reducing gear box 减速箱pillboard 挡煤板cowl 挡煤板bit 截齿drum 滚筒ranging-arm 摇臂ge
25、ar 齿轮track 轨道gear track 齿轨gearcase n. 齿轮箱Rotor 转子Chapter 4.5 Conveying system flexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可弯曲刮板输送机main components 主要部件drive head机头部electric motor 电动机Hydraulic coupling 液力联轴器speed reducer减速器chain wheel / sprocket链轮drive head frame 机头架middle sections 中间部line pan 溜
26、槽flight / scraper 刮板名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - link chain 刮板链endless chain无极链机尾部tail end 机尾架Drive end frame 链轮 sprocket 附属装置auxiliary drives/units 挡煤板spillboard / spill plate (cowl 罩，外壳 ) 铲煤板ramp plate 千斤顶jack chain dr
27、ive 链式传动：classification according to chain arrangement 双边链double strand outboard chain 三链 triple strand chain 单中链single middle chain 双中链double middle chain 新型刮板输送机侧卸式side-loading fight conveyor 垂直转弯式roller-curve fight conveyor 转载机 Transfer conveyor A short heavy flexible flight conveyor 桥式转载机（bridge
28、 ） stage loader 区段皮带输送机Main components 皮带 belt 托辊 roller 支撑托辊supporting roller 机架 frame 传动装置drive unit 电动机electric motor 联轴器coupling 减速器speed reducer 滚筒 drum 卸载滚筒unloaded drum 机尾导向滚筒tail guide drum 拉紧滚筒take-up drum 机尾导向滚筒guide drum 拉紧装置take-up units 制动装置 Braking devices 采区运输系统：上山 rise 下山 dip Dip ang
29、le 15 belt conveyor 15Dip angle25 chain conveyor Dip angle25 ceramic conveyor 水平运输系统水平运输大巷horizontal haulage entry belt conveyor 矿车 trolley wagons 机车 locomotive 电力机车trolley locomotive 蓄电池机车battery locomotive 矿车 wagon 固定箱式矿车Fixed box wagon Tipping bucket wagon Front unloading wagon 底卸式矿车 Bottom-dump
30、wagon 立井提升系统矿井提升系统Mine hoist system 提升机 Engine hoist 钢丝绳wire rope 天轮 head sheave （n.滑轮）箕斗 skip 辅助运输auxiliary transportation Transportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、设备、矸石、人员副井 Auxiliary shaft Similar to main shaft 罐笼 Cagehoist container 斜井 Slope In the slope, material and equipm
31、ent are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共
32、 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 水平运输大巷horizontal haulage entry Electric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste. Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners. 采区上下山district rise and dip 1）有极绳提升Direct rope hoist dip angle：8-22 钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连，通过绞车（winch）放出和收回。2）无极绳
33、提升Endless rope hoist dip angle： 10 区段运输Tail entry：wagons wire rope Overhead monorail 单轨吊Overhead endless rope hoist Transfer conveyor 转载运输机Stage loader 桥式转载机Roller curve conveyor 滚轴转弯运输机Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system 风机： Ventilation fan 回风井： Return shaft 进风井： Intake shaft Working face Intake working
34、 回风巷道： Return roadway 新鲜风： Fresh air Air flow 乏风： Dirty air 回风系统：抽出式通风： Exhaust ventilation 负压 negative pressure 压入式通风： Forced ventilation 正压 Positive pressure 风机类型：离心式风机： Centrifugal fan；轴流式风机： Axial flow fan 。通风设施： Ventilating structures 风墙： Ventilation wall 风门： Air door 风桥： Air bridge Air regulat
35、or 防尘、灭尘： Dust suppression water spray 洒水， mist spray 喷雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机fixed-drum bi-directional shearer 单滚筒可调高采煤机single-drum ranging-arm shearer 双滚筒可调高采煤机double-dram ranging-arm shearer 矿井瓦斯： mine gas 瓦斯： gas，methane，firedamp All hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4. Co
36、lorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible. Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof. Gas/methane control瓦斯控制Gassy mine 高瓦斯矿井Chapter 5 Pillar system Two distinct phases of operation：First rooms and pillars are developed in a section. The second is mining pill
37、ars. Two basic mining methods: Conventional mining method.普通采煤方法名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deep Drilling 钻眼 the optimum number and locati
38、on of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading. Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n. 起爆Loading 装煤 shuttle cart conveyor. Two shuttle cars are used. roof bolting 顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力，至少同时掘进5 个平行的巷道。由于生产环节多、分散，逐渐被连续采煤方
39、法取代。Continuous mining method.连续采煤方法I continuous miner shuttle car 连续采煤机梭车工艺 section belt conveyor roof bolting 间断运输工艺II continuous miner (intermediate) conveyors 连续采煤机输送机工艺 section belt conveyor roof bolting 连续的运输工艺Pillar recovery 回收煤柱There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, p
40、ocket and wing method and splitting method. open-end method 开端式pocket and wing method 袋翼式splitting 劈柱式pillar煤 柱 块切块Coal property 煤矿Area 盘区Set of entries 巷道群Engineer vt.设计Slough 脱落，剥落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush 压碎A function of 是的函数，随而变。Relative strength 相对强度Clearance 净空Block of coal Room work Cutting consequen
41、ce 切割顺序Face mining cycle 工作面开采循环Mining practice 开采Colloquial kE5lEukwiEl adj.口语的 , 通俗的Dictate 规定，制定Outline 形成轮廓Incorporate as Ample 充足的，丰富的solid work chain pillar 巷道煤柱lessen 减少，减轻lift 小煤块、slice 切块physical condition n.实际条件post 柱子，支柱stump 煤柱slab 平板fender 煤柱，窄煤柱hand loading 人工装载common practice 惯例concur
42、rently n.同时发生地 ,并行地in place 就地，原地；在地层内ride over 骑马来，跨在上masonry n.砖石工程 ,砖石建筑砌筑。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - Masonry stopping 砌筑风墙Canvas stopping 帆布风帘Line Brattice 纵向风障Loading station 装车点Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and su
43、pport 1 Roadway section巷道断面掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate 平巷掘进 Drifting 巷道掘进roadway excavation 平巷掘进n. drifting 沉井，凿井n. sinking 上山掘进n. raising 下山掘进n. 1）The shape of roadway section断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions ， the serving life and support
44、ing materials. 井筒 Shaft , circular 大巷 Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 顺槽 Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 2）The size of roadway section断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use. 它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。It is depe
45、ndent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement. 净宽， net width；净高net height；净断面面积net section area 。2 Roadway excavation in rocks 岩巷掘进炮掘，爆破掘进：blasting excavation 装岩，除渣： mucking 掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖
46、掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc. 1）Breaking 破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of
47、rock breaking at present. （1）drilling Drill n. 钻机气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg 气腿式钻机 Air-jack leg drill 架式钻机 Drifter 钻车，凿岩台车Jumbo, drill carriage 湿式钻进Wet drilling 干式钻进Dry drilling 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 钻孔 borehole （2）Blast
48、ing 爆破炸药： Explosive 装药： Load explosive in the borehole, charge 起爆：detonate 雷管： detonator；电雷管： electric detonator 炮眼布置方式： drilling pattern 掏槽眼： cut hole 辅助眼： auxiliary hole 周边眼： trim hole 顶眼： roof hole 帮眼： flank hole 底眼： Bottom hole 起爆顺序： firing sequence CutThe type of explosive used, rock properties
49、, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing. 采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes. 一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘进面通风Fan 风机Air pipe
50、风筒3）loading and haulage 装岩和运输铲斗装岩机 Shovel mucker 耙斗装岩机 Scraper mucker 机车矿车 Locomotive wagons 4）support 支护3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘进1）conventional excavation of coal drift 传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting. 手持式电钻： handheld electric drill loading: hand loading 人工装煤scraper