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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思宾语从句（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 【注意：1引导词 .that 2语序 v.+主+谓 由 if、 whether引导宾语从句3时态： A.主句-现在时 从句-任一时态】1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (t
2、hat) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don t k
3、now why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 if 和 whether 在句中的意思是 “ 是否 ” 。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 一般情况下， if 和 whether 可以互换，但以下3 种情况只能用 whether在不定式前： Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词前： It depends on （依靠）whether
4、 it is going to rain.与 or not 连用： They are talking about whether to go there or not. 语法点：由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句词汇： if, whether, ask, wonder, know, 句型： asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：Who did you interview? I interviewed Bill. What did you
5、 ask him? I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules. （二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如： I do
6、n t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思He told me that he was
7、preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 不省略引导词 that 当 that 作 learn,s
8、uggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词 (包括非谓语动词 )与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个 that 可以省略， 第二个 that 不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或 this,that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有 it 做其先行词时；在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开
9、时. 当 that 在从句中充当主语时一、典型例题【中考链接】1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _? A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it 2.Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1. A. where B. how C. if D. why 3.D
10、o you know _the new mobile phone last week? -Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure.A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for 4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds .A. what B. when C. why D. where 5. Alice in Wonderlan
11、d is a fantastic movie. It s about _. A. how did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terror（恐怖统治）B. what did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terrorC. how Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terrorD. what Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror6. Do you know _the girl in red is? I m not sure. Mayb
12、e a teacher. A. when B. how C. where D. what 7.What did your parents thank about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what 8. I want to know _. A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should
13、arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at 9. -Would you please tell me _? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思-At 10:00 this evening. A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave 10.Could you tell me_? -Fill in
14、 this form and I will give you a card. A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy C. when I can meet Cathy 11. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is? -I m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how 12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _? -Sorry, I
15、have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 13. No one can be sure_ in a million years. A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like 14. Sue told me that she _ shopping with her siste
16、r the next day. A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone 15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _. A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost 16. -When do you think _? -About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport. A. he will com
17、e B. will he come C. did he come D. he came 17. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises 18. -Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher s office.-Go and see _ they have finished correcting the papers yet. A. though B. whether C. unless D. while 19. -What time
18、 will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad 20. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is? -I m not sure. Maybe a reporter. A. who B. what C. where D. how 二、习题练习1. Do you know _
19、during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. what s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which 4. Jim doesn t u
20、nderstand _.A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which 二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共
21、 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower? 5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Father said that he _ _ a new computer. 6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing. 7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Do you know _ _ a double room _? 9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Uncle said that he _ _
22、a new novel. 10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jack said he _ something important to do. 二、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger
23、 than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many qu
24、estions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in 一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Gu
25、angdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound. 3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didn t know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. 5Are the
26、children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. 7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 8Where did she park her car? D
27、o you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about. 10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思感叹句讲解与练习由
28、感叹词 what 引导的感叹句。what 修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词 +主语 +谓语！或是：What+名词词组 +主语+谓语！如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词） +可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！What kind women they are! What nice music it is!
29、 由 How 引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词） +主语+谓语！How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意：当 how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How the runner runs! what 与 how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如：What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! wha
30、t a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：What a nice present! （省略 it is）How disappointed! （省略 she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）关于感叹句what 和 how 的区别：一、 由what 引导的感叹句： what 意为 多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
31、 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！二、由 how引导的感叹句： how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语 +谓语+(it is). 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what 引导，也可用 how引导。如：What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 精选学习资料 - - - - -
32、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what 和 how，其基本结构是： What名词陈述肯定式； How形容词（或副词）陈述肯定式。部分参加学士学位英语考试的考生拿到感叹句时，不知道该如何下手，其实，只要掌握五个诀窍，感叹句的难题就会迎刃而解。第一招：一找、二构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what 和 how，其基本结构是： What名词陈述肯定
33、式；How形容词（或副词）陈述肯定式。部分参加学士学位英语考试的考生拿到感叹句时，不知道该如何下手，其实，只要掌握五个诀窍，感叹句的难题就会迎刃而解。第一招：“一找、二断、三辨、四确定”。“一找”即找出句中的主语：“二断”是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开：“三辨”是辨别断线前面的词的词性；第四步可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。 以上方法适用于填空题形式， 只要掌握这个方法，复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过考生要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。第二招：“断、找、去、添、改”五步法。断，就是在陈述句中的谓语动词后将
34、句子断开，如 The picture is very beautiful. 找，就是找出断线后的中心词是何词类。去，就是中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。如本句中心词beautiful 是形容词，修饰该词的是 very，应去掉 very。但要注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是不能去掉的。添，就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词就添What，是形容词或副词就添How。改，就是将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写，同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。因此，例句就变成了：How beautiful
35、the picture is ！第三招：“一断、二加、三换位”。“一断”，就是在谓语动词后将此句划断。“二加”，就是在第二部分前加引起感叹句的What 或 How。中心词为名词时加What，为形容词、副词时加 How。“三换位”就是将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。第四招：句型记忆法。因what 和 how的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7 种。如果记住这 7 种句套子，做任何感叹句题都会变得容易。第五招：歌诀记忆法。感叹句中what 和 how 的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有就用 what（a，an），如果没有就用how（副词的前面始终要用how）。如果记住
36、下面的歌诀，掌握起来会更方便：what、how如何选？先在后面把名词找。若有名词用 what，若无名词必用how。What、how提句首，其他紧跟别忘了。主谓一起挪最后，常常可以被省掉。一、把下列句子变为感叹句: 1. She runs quickly. 2. It is a nice tie. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3. This story-book is very interesting. 4. Your bell is too loud. 5. She da
37、nces so well. 6. The students are listening to the teacher carefully .7. We had a good time in summer holidays .8. How nice the food is ! 9. How well he swims !10 What strong men they are ！11. He listened to his teacher carefully. (该为感叹句 ) 1 2. What a clever monkey it is! ( 该为同义句 ) 二、选词填空。（ What / W
38、hat a / What an / How ）1. _ nice girl she is ! 2. _ careful the boy is ! 3. _ beautiful flowers they are ! 4. _ delicious the food tastes ! 5. _ interesting film we will see ! 6. _ good news it is ! 7. _ the time flies ! 8. _ a pretty girl she is! 9. _ quickly the boy is running! 0. _ kind teachers
39、they are! 11. _ clever the baby is! 12. _ I miss my hometown ( 家乡)! 13. _ happy I am! 14. _ sad child he is! 15. _ hot water it is! 16. _ hard they study! 17. _ able ( 能干的 ) young man he is! 18. Look! _fast the boy is running! 19. _cold day it was yesterday! 20. _heavy the box is! I cant carry it精选学
40、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. what s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3.
41、 Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which 4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose
42、 C. who D. which 6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 8. -I m
43、waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what 9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get t
44、o the post office D. how could we get to the post office 10. -Can I help you? -Yes. I d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there?A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. whe
45、n the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit 13. Would you please tell me
46、 _ next, Mr Wang? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what 14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
47、 C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether 16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he say
48、s at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting 17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing 18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when
49、was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had 20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by roa
50、d.A. how B. why C. that D. when 感叹句专项练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2)._cute dog it is! 3)._ interesting the story is! 4)._ bad the weather in England is! 5)._ honest boy Tom is ！6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off! 7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8)._ excit