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1、学习必备欢迎下载一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即 “ 过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）” 。-|- |-|-那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由 “ 助动词 had + 过去分词 ” 构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语
2、来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesda
3、y. 2. 由“ 过去的过去 ” 来判定。过去完成时表示 “ 过去的过去 ” ，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如：She said that she had seen the film before. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页
4、学习必备欢迎下载（ 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study be
5、fore you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的动词， 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示 原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.
6、三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在 “ 过去的过去 ” 。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“ 过去的过去 ” ）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“ 过去的过去 ” ，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而
7、独立存在。 此时多与already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps
8、 by the time he was ten. 4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“ 助动词 have (has) + 过去分词 ” ；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示
9、的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“ 过去的过去 ” ，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“ 等” 的动作从过去某
10、一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即 “ 过去的过去 ” ）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“ 过去的过去 ” ；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较
11、：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上
12、接连发生的动作用and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.英语过去完成时重难点实例讲解要掌握好英语过去完成时，最关键的一点是要掌握它的含义。现在很多的文章在讲解过去完成时的时候，都用了一
13、句流行的说法，叫“ 过去的过去 ” 。虽然这样的概括点明了过去完成时的要点，但究竟什么才叫“ 过去的过去 ” 呢？如果不搞清它的含义，只是去记住什么时间状语(如：before, by, until , when, after等)，或者记住哪些动词常用于过去完成时等等，是不能很好掌握过去完成时的。一、重点英语中，已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作，为什么还有过去完成时呢？要记住：过去完成时的关键概念是：假设在过去发生了两件(或以上 )的事件，一件是 A 事件，另一件是 B 事件，如果 A、B 两个事件几乎是同时发生的，那就用一般过去时； 但是，如果 A、B 两个事件不是同时发生的， 怎么
14、办呢？那就是：哪个事件先发生， 就用过去完成时； 哪个事件后发生， 就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中，如果A 事件先发生， A 就用过去完成时；如果B 事件先发生，B 就用过去完成时；而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。请看例句： 例 1She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 例 2When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 例 3We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 例 4Tom was disappointed
15、that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载例 5The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 在上面的五个例子中，我们只要稍微分析一下，就可以发现：每个例子讲述的内容中，都包含着两个 (或以上 )在过去发生的事件。我们将两件事抽取出来看一
16、下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后发生的：例 1said had never been to(先没有 “ 去” ，后“ 说”)例 2arrived had run away. (先“ 跑” 了，后 “ 到”)例 3 had hoped would comedidnt ( 先“ 希望” ，后才发生 “ 没去”)例 4was disappointedhad left arrived (先“ 离开” ，后“ 到达” 和“ 失望”)例 5were writingwent had left (先“ 离开” ，后“ 到” 和“ 写”)二、难点过去完成时的难点在于：有时候一句话中并没有出现两个
17、事件，因此无法比较两个事件的先后。那为什么也用过去完成时呢？请看下面的例句：例 1By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.实际上，在上面的例句中，仍然有着“ 先、后” 之分的。不过，这次不是A、B 两件事件的先后，而是有两个过去时间的“ 先、后 ” 关系。首先，句子中有个明确的过去时间点：12 岁。说他 “12 岁” ，显然是过去式。那么，紧接着说 “ 他已经开始谋生了 ” ，这个“ 谋生” 是发生在 “12 岁” 时，还是 “12 岁”前，还是“12 岁” 后？答案是肯定的： 他的“ 谋生
18、” 发生在 “12 岁” 之前!也就是说，“12岁” 已经是一般过去时，而在 “12 岁” 之前发生的事，当然是过去完成时。所以，在那么多表示时间状语的词中，大家要特别注意By、Until 等的用法。可以说，在讲述过去的事件中， 如果出现 By 时间状语，很有可能要用过去完成时了。 (当然，我说的是很有可能。 ) 类似的时间表达方式还有Until、Before 等。只要大家把握了过去完成时的基本含义，不管句子怎么变化，应该没有多大的问题。例如：例 2此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的过去时间点then( 那时)，而hadnt heard 发生在 then 之前(包括 then)。所以此句用
19、的是过去完成时。再举两个例子，请大家自己分析：例 3We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 例 4I waited until he had finished his homework. 例 5We had got to the station before 10:00. 过去完成时练习和分析提示请先阅读本站的文章“ 过去完成时重难点实例讲解” ，然后完成下列练习。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载汉译英 1.
20、到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？2.到昨天晚上， 他把这篇课文读了三遍。3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。 5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。6.昨天找看见李平了。自从我们离开北京，就一直没有见面。 7.我昨天没有给魏华那本书，因为她已经为自己买了一本。8.他问李先生是否已经回来了9.我听说他住那五年了。1. How many songs had you learned by the end of last term? 注两个时间点的比较。2. By yesterday evening, he had read the text three t
21、imes. 注两个时间点的比较。3. We had got to the station before 10:00. 注两个时间点的比较。4. He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle school. 注两个事件的比较。5.When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 注两个事件的比较。6. I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left
22、 Beijing. 注两个事件的比较。7. I did not give the book to Wei Hua yesterday, because she had already bought a copy for herself. 注两个事件的比较。8. He asked if Mr Li had already come back. 注两个事件的比较。9. I heard he had lived there for five years. 注两个事件的比较。练习1 They usually_TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. ar
23、e watching D. watches 2 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set 3 Our teacher will return by the time school_. A. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins 4 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim? -So do I, but
24、 my sister _. A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont 5 -That ten pound note belongs to me. -_ A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt 6 She will go if it _ tomorrow. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载 A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. di
25、dnt rain 初中英语综合时态练习(1) B.1 .My sister _ the Youth League last year. She _ a Youth League member for about a year now. A. joined has become B. joined has been C. has joined has been D. did joinhad beenC.2. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. were B. am C. is D. are C.3. Mr Zhao doesnt like swimming, _?A. di
26、dn t he B. did he C. does he D. won t he C.4. Ill talk to him when he _.A. come B. will come C. comes D. came C.5. They _ supper when we _ into the room. A. are having went B. were having go C. were having went D. are havinggoD.6. We ll go climbing if it _ tomorrow.A. wont rain B. did rain C. isn t
27、rain D. doesnt rainA.7. I dont know if it _ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rain D.8. Nathan Hale _ he _ his life for his country. A. said give B. sayswill give C. said gives D. saidwould giveC.9. Most people _ TV. A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watching
28、 A.10.Father _ his cap and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put D. will put on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载B.11.How long _ your uncle _ in the army ? A. hasjoined B. hasbeen C. doesjoin D. had joinedD.12.Peter _ the work in a week. A. have finished B. finish
29、es C. is finishing D. will finish A.13.The students _ the History Museum if it _ fine tomorrow. A. will visit.is B. will visitwill be C. would visit was D. would visitwould beA.14.Joan _ me whether I _ the book before. A. askedhad read B. askedshall read C. askedwould read D. asked has readC.15.By t
30、he end of last term, we _ Book Five. A. have learned B. would learn C. had learned D. were learning A.16._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ? A. Was going over B. Is go over C. Hasgone over D. Willgo overC.17.He can t go to the cinema with me b ecause he _ a meeting. A. was having B. wou
31、ld have C. is having D. had A.18.Both of the two dictionaries _ very useful. A. are B. is C. was D. am C.19. He _ to me since last month. A. didn t write B. hadnt written C. hasnt written D. won t writeD.20. Xu Ping _ to Japan only once. A. has gone B. had gone C. had been D. has been B.21. Nobody _
32、 the answer. A. have known B. knew C. didn t know 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载D. are knowing B.22._ you ever _ to Nanjing ? A. Havegone B. Havebeen C. Dogo D. Will goC.23. He _ he _ something wrong before. A. says was B. say .have done C. saidhad done D. saidwoul
33、d doD.24. He _ me he _ an interesting book. A. tellwould borrow B. told will borrow C. tellwill borrow D. told had borrowedB.25. Thomas Edison _ already _ a chemistry lab for himself by the time he _ ten. A. hasbuiltwas B. hadbuiltwas C. wouldbuild was D. was buildingisA.26. At the age of eleven, my
34、 grandfather _ to work in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins D.27. One day while I _ along the street, I _ someone calling. A. walked was hearing B. was walking has heard C. was walking had heard D. was walkingheardC.28. Neither I nor he _. A. can swims well B. are swimming wel
35、l C. swims well D. have swum well D.29. _ you _ where your sister has gone ? A. Did know B. Willknow C. Are know D. Do knowC.30. Betty _ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. dont do C. didn t do D. won t doC.31. The door of her room _ every day. A. are not cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not
36、cleaned D. not is cleaned D.32.No rubbish _ for three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collected B.33.By 1980 the bridge _. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载D. have been compl
37、eted B.34.Another railway bridge _ there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been built D.35. _ the water in the wet clothes _ vapor now ? A. Areturned into B. Is turned into C. Arebeing turned into D. Is being turned intoC.36. _ this film _ last week ? A. Didshow B. Hasbeen sho
38、wn C. Wasshown D. Was be shownA.37.He told me that the composition _ by him. A. was not written B. not was written C. is not written D. not is written D.38._ the play _ again next week ? A. Will put on B. Is put on C. Will beput on D. Will be put onA.39._ the exercises _ tomorrow ? A. May be handed
39、in B. May be handed in C. May be handedin D. May handed inB.40.She _ to a hospital at once. A. must send B. must be sent C. must to be sent D. had to send B.41. Mike usually _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got D. will get B.42. The sun _ us light and heat. A. give B. gives C. will give
40、 D. often give A.43.Tom looked sad and cried , “ I _ terrible !”A. am feeling B feels C. will feel D. have felt D.44.At that time , things _ hard for the working people. A. is B. are C. was D. were D.45. Long long ago, there _ a farmer in a small village. A. are B. were C. is D. lived C.46. Could yo
41、u sh ow me the way to No, 5 Middle School ? I m afraid I couldnt . I _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载never _ there. A. do go B. didgo C. have been D. had beenC.47. We _ a meeting these days. A. have B. had C. are having D. were having A.48. The oldest kind of comp
42、uter _ the abacus. A. is B. was C. has been D. have been B.49. I _ the boy in the classroom just now . A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen D.50. Mr Black was surprised, “ I _ I lost my wallet. “A. know B. don t know C. knew D. didn t knowD.51.The guard said, “ I am sorry. I _ . ”A. don t know it
43、is you B. didnt know it is you C. don t know it was you D. didn t know it was youB.52.The fisherman said to the Genie, “ Youre so big and jar is so small. _ you really in the jar ?”A. Are B. Were C. Was D. Wasnt B.53.He is going to be a doctor when he _. A. grow up B. grows up C. will grow up D. is
44、going to grow up B.54. Grandma said she would tell me a story when she _. A. has time B. had time C. would have time D. would has time B.55. Ill tell him all about it as soon as he _.A. come back B. comes back C. will come back D. is going come back B.56. _ we set off right away ? A. Will B. Shall C
45、. Are D. Do D.57. It seems it _. A. will rain B. shall rain C. rains D. is going to rain A.58. My little sister _ six next month. A. will be B. shall be C. can be D. is going to B.59. Go down the street and turn right at the first crossing . You _ our school. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
46、- - -第 11 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载A. find B. will find C. shall find D. are going to find A.60. Its nothing serious. Your son _ all right by supper time. A. will be B. shall be C. is D. is going to be B.61. Work hard, and you _ catch up with the others. A. can be B. Will C. shall D. are going to C.62. Where
47、 is Jenny ? She _ in the next room. A. do some reading B. does some reading C. is doing some reading D. will do some reading D.63. Look! Tom _ in the river. A. go swimming B. goes swimming C. going to swimming D. is swimming D.64. His sister _ _ cakes. Thats why her hands are all covered with flour
48、（面粉） . A. makes B. made C. will make D. is making C.65. Listen carefully ! Can you hear what the professor _ ? A. talks about B. talked about C. is talking about D. will talk about C.66. What _ you _ this time yesterday ? A. dodo B. are doing C. weredoing D. woulddoD.67. When I got there, the Browns
49、 _ at the lunch table. A. is siting B. are sitting C. was siting D. were sitting C.68. It suddenly began to rain while I _ the bus. A. wait B. waited C. was waiting for D. were waiting for C.69. It _ hard when I was on my way to the cinema. A. rain B. raining C. was raining D. were raining B.70. The
50、 train will arrive _. A. after an hour B. in an hour C. an hour later D. for an hour C.71. How may English films _ since last year ? A. do you see B. did you see C. have you seen D. had you seen C.72. _ the film yet ? Yes. I _ it just now. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 18 页学习