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1、1 mend repair respect measure occur insist upset prove be divided into be divided by be responsible for be in charge of cautious crop salary charity donate source form pretend prevent exist paradise be forbidden to monitor 班长，监控directly display challenge interview predict manner typical 欢迎，打招呼conver
2、sation opposite-adj. hand in gesture management factor operate button 按钮，钮扣complain positive-negative 强迫某人做某事wallet=purse 钱包口袋捡起return sth to sb give back to.还回给某人junk snack零食snake蛇hut 小屋fair unfair the attitude with be appreciated by praise chore be supposed to staff stuff authority 权威，当局awful 令人不愉
3、快的remind fit punishment severe unify regular suffer suffer from stress take a break positive-negative force sb to do=force asb into doing wallet=purse 钱包pocket 口袋pick up return sth to sb give back to.还回给某人junk 垃圾snack零食snake蛇hut 小屋fair 公平unfair 不公平the attitude with 对.的态度be appreciated by 被某人欣赏 /感激pr
4、aise 赞扬chore 杂事be supposed to被认为staff 员工，全体职工stuff 材料，东西authority 权威，当局awful 令人不愉快的remind 提醒，使想起keep fit 保持健康fit 合适，益处launch 发射punishment 惩罚severe严重的，严厉的unify 统一regular 规律的suffer 遭受，忍受suffer from stress 承受压力take a break 休息一下no longer=not.any longer 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5、- - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 英语中 六大从句 用法总结1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长 ，谓语又较短， 可用 it 作形式主语 ，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that. *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreportedestimated
6、has been proved that. 2)what 引导的主语从句表示“ .的东西时 ” ，一般不用it 作形式主语 。What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序 。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词 that 常可省略 。介词后一般接疑问词引
7、导的宾语从句。in that( 因为 ),except that( 除了 ),but that( 只是） 已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that 引导的宾语从句。*I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article
8、 is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句 后如有宾补 ，要用 形式宾语it 来代替 ，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在 think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的 ，一般将 否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句 则变成肯定形式。He didnt think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句表 语 从 句 出 现 在 结 构
9、为 “ 主 语 + 系 动 词 + 表 语 从 句 ” 的 句 子 中 。 表 语 从 句 除 可 用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though) 等引导。 that 常可省略 。如 主句主语为reason,只能用 that 引导表语从句，不可用 because. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cult
10、ural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明 ，一般用 连词 that 引导，由于 先行名词的意义不同 ，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于 谓语较短 ，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。She finally made the decision t
11、hat she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子 。定语从句
12、通常位于先行词之后 ，由 关系代词 或关系副词引导 。关系词在从句中的成分修饰的先行词可否省略关系代词that 主语/宾语人、物作宾语时可省略which 主语/宾语物作宾语时可省略who，whom，whose 主语/宾语/定语人作宾语时可省略关系副词When ，where，why 时间状语，地点状语，原因时间、地点、原因一般可省略*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词 ，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose 用于指人 ，whose有时也可指物，相当于 of which ；wh
13、ich 用于指物 ；that 既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词 除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语 等。 The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in
14、getting close to other people. 1) 当 先 行 词 是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等 不 定 代 词 或 先 行 词 前 有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及 形容词最高级 修饰时，只能用 关系代词that 引导从句。 That is all that Ive heard from him. Hes the first person that Im going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略：从句中 作宾语的关系代词常可省
15、略 。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that ，只可用 which 或 whom 引导 从句，并且 不可省略 ，但当 介词位于 宾语从句句末 时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用 that ，也 可省略 。This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with. 3)引导 定语从句 的关系副词 有 when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语 ，意义上相当于一个 “ 介词 +which ” 的结构。
16、Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. *非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可 修饰整个主句，起 补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开 ，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that 引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略 。Every object has a gravitat
17、ional pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“ 介词 +whichwhomwhose ” 引导的定语从句“ 介词 +whichwhomwhose ” 可引导 限制性定语从句，也可 引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句 谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。This is the computer on which he spent all his savings. It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -
18、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 *as 引导的定语从句as 引导的定语从句主要用于“ such.as” 及“ the same.as” 的结构中， 代替先行词是人或物的名词。as 引导非限制性定语从句时， 代替整个主句，从句 可位于主句之前、之后或中间。These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as 代替 先行词 problems ) As is mentioned above,no single
19、company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替 主语 ) 6.状语从句*时间状语 从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,imme
20、diately(that)等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语 从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导 原因 状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,
21、considering that,in that等。Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导 结果 状语从句的连词有：so.that,such.that ,so that,that,so等。Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导 目的 状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等， 从句 常使用may,might,can,could
22、,would等情态动词 。We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *条件和让步 状语从句1） 引 导 条 件 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 和 词 组 有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone lin
23、e to transmit computer data. 2)引导 让 步 状语从句的连 词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。 though,even if 等引导状语从句可 转换成含有as的 部分倒装结构 ，具有 强调意义 。其结构为 “ 形容词（副词、 动词、名词） +as+主语 +谓语 ” 。No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
24、Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式 状语从句引导 方式 状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词 常用虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反 。The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had ta
25、ught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 1.It is reported that two schools, both of _are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. thatB. whichC. themD. th
26、ose 2.Jack, _ everyone can see, is an honest child. A. which B. that C. that D. as 3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 4.He is reading the book _he borrowed from the library yesterday. A. whose B. where C
27、. whichD. as 5. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 6.Do you know the speed _ the car is running? A. at which B. which C. with which D. that 7.While driving through the city, she showed me the building _ she once wo
28、rked as a lift operator. A. among whichB. which C. in which D. that 8.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 9.All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. why B. where C. which D. that
29、 10.The age _ children can go to school is seven. A. at which B. by which C. which D. whose 11. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. without which B. with which C. for which D. in which 12.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldn t be found. A. which B. wher
30、e C. in which D. in that 13.How much do you have in your pocket? 150 yuan, all of _ came from my grandma. A. which B. them C. it D. that 14.The size of the audience, _ we had expected, was well over 20,000. A. as B. where C. which D. why 15.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-s
31、hirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 16.You ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. A. whichB. where C. when D. as 17.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D
32、. when 18.By nine o clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. which B. on which C. that D. above which 19.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A. that B. for wh
33、ich C. which D. about which 20.What do you think of teacher, Bob ？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 21.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in change
34、s in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 22.The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work. A. which B. with which C. in which D. whom 23.The reason _ he was late for school was that he got up late. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 名师资料总结 - - -
35、精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 24.The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing A. why B. which C. when D. where 25.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consum
36、er complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 26.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose27.Since 1995, _ people call the Year of the Internet, t
37、he world has turned flat thanks to the net work. A. which B. when C. in which D. by which time 28.We went to the West Lake yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world A. where B. which C. that D. when 29.The time is not far away _ modern communications will becom
38、e widespread in China s vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before30.They talked happily about the things and persons_ they remembered in the college. A. who B. which C. whose D. that . 选择填空（ 20 分）1. Frank fell over at the beginning of the race, but he was ahead of the other runners in the en
39、d. A. higher than B. longer than C. faster than D. more quickly than 2. What a terrible rain we had last month! Yes, it caused floods and a large number of cars went wrong. A. were washed away B. broke down C. disappeared D. stopped to work 3. The Shenzhen City consists of many districts, including
40、Luohu, Futian, Nanshan and so on. A. are full of B. are covered with C. is filled with D. is made up of 4. The children should be taken good care of because they are unaware of the danger around them. A. don t know about B. can t deal with C. find out D. pay attention to 5. Congratulations! You have
41、 won the first prize in the Robcup Competition ! Thank you. It was not easy, but we made it at last. A. deserved it B. succeeded C. caught it D. held it 6. Mike, do you know _ man with glasses next to Mr. White? He is my uncle Simon. He is _ art teacher in our school. A. the; / B. the; an C. /; the
42、D. a; an 7. Is there _ in today s newspaper? A lot about the FIFA. But we can t watch the games _ the exams are over. A. something special; after B. special something; before C. special anything; when D. anything special; until 8. I think it would be better if we have more _ in our school. I agree w
43、ith you. It s necessary _ us to give advice to our headmaster about this. A. man teachers; for B. men teachers; of C. men teachers; for D. man teachers; of 9. Do you know the 10th China International Cultural Industry Fair (文博会 ) _ last month? Yes. It attracted _ people around the world. A. held; mi
44、llions B. held; million of C. is held; million of D. was held; millions of 10. What a pity! Mum doesn t let me _ in the river on my own. She s right. Children should learn to protect _ from all kinds of dangers. A. to swim; ourselves B. to swim; yourselves C. swim; themselves D. swimming; them 名师资料总
45、结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 11. Candy is the first in the exam again. I think she is _ student in our class. So she is. And she always does her homework very _. A. the most hard-working; careful B. most hard-working; most
46、carefully C. more hard-working; more carefully D. the most hard-working; carefully 12. Peter, let s watch the new movie X-Men on TV, _? I d love to, but my parents don t allow me to watch TV _ on weekends. A. shall we; except B. will you; besides C. shan t we; except for D. won t you; beside 13. A B
47、ite of China is _ a popular TV program that everyone talks about it these days. Yes. It shows China s many kinds of delicious foods and _ colourful food culture. A. too; it s B. such; its C. so; it D. very; its 14. Listen! Katherine is playing the violin in the music room. It _ be Katherine. She _ S
48、hanghai for a violin contest. A. can t; has gone to B. mustn t; has been to C. needn t; has been in D. won t; has left for 15. _ did Becky keep on hiking in the 14th Shenzhen 100 Kilometres? For five hours. But she _ at last because she was too tired. A. How soon; put it up B. How long; gave it up C
49、. How often; looked it up D. How far; gave up it 16. _ amazing city Shenzhen is! It is clean, beautiful and modern. Thats true. We can t imagine that it _ be a small fishing village! A. How; was used to B. What; is used for C. What an; used to D. How an; uses to 17. _ angry, Mum. I promise I will ne
50、ver be late for school again. OK. You _ use an alarm clock to wake you up in the morning. A. Be not; would like B. Not be; would rather C. Do be; ought to D. Don t be; had better 18. Dear classmates, there _ a graduation ceremony next Tuesday afternoon. More importantly, Ma Huateng will give us a _