《2022年通用工程英语听说教程原文及翻译借鉴 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年通用工程英语听说教程原文及翻译借鉴 .pdf（38页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、通用工程英语U1-2 (Section A&C)翻译1 Unit 11 Site Inspection (2)U11 / Section A Some Tips for Site Inspection(P67-69) The previous unit referred to the general tip s for hosting site inspections （工地检查 ）, while this unit aims to introduce the general ideas of how to prepare inspectors for carrying out site in
2、spections more efficiently, especially helpful for those young inspectors who are not so experienced. 上一单元 提到 了 主持接待工地检查的一些 通用技巧 ，而本单元旨在介绍检查员 应该如何准备，以便更有效地执行工地检查工作的一些总体 (工作 )思路 ，这对于那些经验不足的年轻检查员来说尤其有帮助。Be goal-oriented 目标明确Most engineering projects involve many construction procedures and different s
3、ites, so, in order to implement supervision and maintain the project quality, there are many objects to be inspected on the site, such as the temporary facilities, formworks, reinforcement works, concrete works, steel structure works, piping and electrical works, roofing and water proofing, finishin
4、g works, safety management, and so on. Sort out the objects and steps of inspection so that the contractor can provide direct assistance and enough information.大多数工程项目涉及很多施工程序和不同的施工工地，因此， 为了 实施工程监督, 保证 工程质量， 工地上有很多项目需要检查，例如临时设施（浇筑）模板加固工程混凝土工程钢结构工程管道和电气工程屋顶和防水处理工程终饰工程安全管理工作等等。 检查员 要分类整理 好被检查的对象，明确检查的
5、各个步骤，以便承包商能够提供直接的帮助和足够的信息。Schedule good timing （计划）安排好检查的时机Time the site inspection flexibly, taking the differencesinspecting goals, objects, and weatherinto consideration . 灵活安排工地检查时机，把不同的 检查目标 检查对象以及天气的差异情况列入考虑范围。If the inspection needs the preparation and the assistance of the contractor, call t
6、he reception desk ahead of schedule, giving the latter enough time to get ready. If the inspection aims to check the instant construction state, a sudden inspection is worth considering, without informing the contractor before that. 如果检查需要承包商的准备和协助，请提前通知接待处（前台） ，给他们足够的时间准备。如果检查的目的是要检查 即时施工状态，那么不提前通知
7、承包商，值得考虑进行一次突击检查（或“进行一次突击检查是值得考虑的” ） 。It s better to carry out the inspection in fair weather because the extreme weather may bring about downtime（停工期）of the construction, especially for those outdoor working. 最好在 好天气时 进行检查，因为极端天气可能会导致施工的停工，尤其是那些户外施工作业。Be armed with testing devices配备测试装置It may sound
8、 like a no-brainer, but being equipped with necessary testing devices will save you from the troubles asking for help when needed. What to take depends on the different inspecting objects. But a tape measure（ 卷尺 ） is a must no matter what and where to inspect. It is easy to take but can work wonders
9、 in checking steel bars, carpenter working and other simple works. When a more accurate testing is going on, the total station, theodolite, or gradienter should be adopted. Undoubtedly, the contractor will be willing to provide those comparatively more sophisticated devices on the site when asked to
10、. 这听起来似乎很简单，但是装备这些必要的测试设备，可以在你需要寻求帮助时避免不必要的麻烦。要配备哪些装置取决于不同的检查对象。但是无论在哪里检查以及检查什么，卷尺都是必须的。虽然它很名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - 通用工程英语U1-2 (Section A&C)翻译2 容易携带，但它可以在检查钢筋，木匠工作和其他简单工作中会产生奇效。 当要进行更精确的测试时，应采用 全站仪、 经纬仪或水平仪。毫无疑问， 当被
11、要求时， 承包商愿意在现场提供那些相对比较精密的设备。Observe safety regulations on worksite 遵守工地安全规章制度The safety regulations on the engineering worksite should be strictly observed by all the engineers and workers, let alone the inspectors. 所有工程师和工人都应严格遵守 工程施工现场的安全规程（规章制度）要求， 更不用说 检察员们了。Before getting close to the worksite,
12、learn about the specific safety regulations of the target inspecting zone.在接近工地之前，要了解目标检查区域的具体安全规则。Ask the H.S.E. department to provide the safety helmets, reflective gear, protective shoes and so on. And the special insulating protective gear including gloves, boots and overshoes are needed when in
13、specting the electrical works. 要求 健康安全环保部门（HS.E部门） 提供 安全头盔、 反光装置、 防护鞋 等等。 另外， 在检查电气工程时，要求提供特殊的绝缘保护装置，包括手套、靴子和绝缘套鞋等。Keep a distance from the working truck cranes, wheel cranes, tower cranes, gantry cranes, etc., to avoid unexpected injury from falling objects. 要注意与 正在工作中的卡车起重机、轮式起重机、塔式起重机、龙门起重机等等保持一定
14、距离，以避免因坠落物体而造成意外伤害 。Ask the professional technicians to operate the mechanical or electrical equipment. 要求 专业的技术人员来操作 机械或电气设备。Be cautious about the ground on the site, preventing from falling down when it is too slippery and from being hurt by the wood, nails, steel bars and so on.所伤要当心 工地的地面， 防止 因地
15、面太滑而摔倒，也要避免 被木头、钉子、钢筋等所伤。Ask direct questions and be objective 直接提问，保持客观Once the lead person from the contractor is identified, keep the overall contact with him during the inspection. It is not necessary tobeat round the bush but to cut to the chase.一旦承包商确定了项目负责人 ，在检查期间，应与他保持全面联系。没必要说话时拐弯抹角兜圈子，而是要开
16、门见山直入正题。Be straightforward to the lead person when asking for design drawings, construction records, testing reports,and other documents not involving confidential information.需要看 设计图纸、 施工记录、 测试报告 和其它未涉及机密信息的文件时，应直接坦率地 告诉 项目负责人 。Ask the engineers or workers directly about the construction progress,
17、procedures, technical requirements, material standard, etc., to get information in a more efficient way. 直接询问 工程师或工人们关于施工进度，施工程序，技术要求和材料标准等等问题，从而更高效地获得信息。Point out the problems, if existing, and set the deadline and demands of rectification. It may be a little callous but it will turn out to be the
18、most helpful way for both sides.如果项目存在问题的话，指出 存在的问题，并确定 整改 的期限和要求。这看上去显得有点不近人情 ，但它将会是对双方最有帮助的方式。Keep records 保存记录In order to record t he inspection findings on the site, the inspector can note down the details in various forms. It is a good idea to prepare a sheet covering all those objects to be in
19、spected before going to the site. In addition, on 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - 通用工程英语U1-2 (Section A&C)翻译3 this inspection sheet, many issues can also be included, such as the evaluation criteria, evaluation grades, prob
20、lems existing, factors contributing to the problems, rectification instructions, and rectification deadlines,etc. A carefully-designed and comprehensive inspection sheet can be helpful for the inspector to carry out the work on the site and report the inspection when finished. 为了记录在现场的检查发现 ，检查员可以用多种
21、方式记录细节 。在去现场之前，准备一个涵盖所有被检查对象的 表格 是一个好主意。另外，在这个检查表 中，也包含了许多问题，例如评估标准评估等级存在的问题造成问题的因素整改指示和整改期限等等。 一个精心设计全面综合的检查表，对于检查员在现场展开工作和检查结束后报告检查情况，是有帮助的。Taking photos is another way to keep the inspection records. But make sure it is allowed because every company has its own confidential policies. So it is pol
22、ite to ask the permission before taking photos and not to use the photos for unrelated purposes. 拍照是保存检查记录的另一种方法。但是要确保这个是经过允许的，因为每个公司都有自己的保密政策。所以，拍照之前征得许可，以及不为某些不相关的目的去使用这些照片，是很有礼貌的做法。Always follow up 随时跟进Conducting periodic site inspections is an excellent way to ensure both sidescommitment. Qualit
23、y should always be the main concern in site inspection. How can the inspector ensure the contractor has done the rectification properly? Certainly follow-up inspections are quite necessary. 定期进行现场检查是确保双方 承诺 的一个极佳办法。质量问题应该始终是现场检查的关注焦点 。检查员如何确保承包商妥善地 完成了整改工作？显然，进行后续跟踪检查 是非常必要的。Number of inspections al
24、so depends on the contractor s reputation, which is also one of the objects to be inspected. The better the reputation, the less inspections are needed. The contractor s reputation can be found in their completed projects and the ones in progress. And the capital funds, management, personnel, tempor
25、ary facilities, construction procedures and crafts, safety regulations and so on can also shed a light on the contractor s reputation and strength.检查的次数也取决于承包商的声誉，这也是要检查的目标之一。信誉越好，需要检查的次数就越少。人们可以从承包商已竣工项目和在建项目中看出他们的声誉。而且资本资金、管理、施工人员、临时设施、施工程序和工艺、安全规章制度等等也能够 体现（或显示）出承包商的 声誉和实力 。No doubt, the above ti
26、ps are far from comprehensive for each specific inspection, which may vary greatly under different circumstances. But they can be general guidelines for the young inspectors.毫无疑问，以上建议对于每种具体的检查工作来说远远不够全面，它可能会随不同的情况变化很大 。但对于年轻的检查员们来说，上述建议可以作为通用指南 使用。U11 Section C Organization of Safety Work（P74）Genera
27、lly, at the very beginning of a project , a suitably qualified and experienced person will be appointed as safety officer, who will be given sufficient time,authority and responsibility to ensure the safety program. His duties mainly include several aspects ： to inspect the worksite safety regularly
28、, to ensure safety methods are beingadopted, and all the safety and health requirements are being observed, to make detailed investigations if any safety accident occurs, and to take countermeasures to prevent the recurrence of similar accidents. The safety office is also authorized by the project m
29、anager the right to issue safety instructions for warning, giving 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - 通用工程英语U1-2 (Section A&C)翻译4 penalties, up to firing any person who breaks the safety regulations. In addition , the safety of
30、ficer also has the duty to take charge of the safety and health training program . 通常， 在一个项目刚开始的时候，一个具备资格和经验的人会被任命为 安全员 ，他将被给予充分的时间、权利和责任 去确保 项目安全计划。他的 职责 主要包括以下几个方面: 定期检查工地安全；确保 安全措施得到 采纳； 所有安全及健康要求得以遵守； 如有任何安全事故发生，都要进行详细的调查，并制定对策以避免类似事故的重演。安全员也会得到项目经理的授权，有权发布安全操作指令 作为警告、给予惩罚 、甚至有权开除任何违反安全条例的人。除此之外
31、 ，安全员也有职责负责安全和健康培训计划。The safety and health program is usually divided into two parts： one is for training workers and the other for training foremen and supervisors. The contents include but, are not limited to, the following items：worksitesafety policy, employee responsibility, company s safety reg
32、ulations, construction accidents and reporting, electrical safety, personal safety equipment, scaffolding, trenching and excavation, crane safety, respiratory protection, fire protection and prevention, toxic substances , first aid and emergency aid procedure, and so on. 安全和健康培训项目通常分成两个部分：一方面是培训工人，另
33、一方面是培训工头 与监管员。内容包含但不仅限于以下项目: 工地 安全政策、员工的职责、公司的安全制度条例、施工事故及报告、用电安全、个人安全设备、脚手架、开沟和挖掘、起重机 安全、呼吸保护、消防和火灾预防、有毒物质、急救 和紧急救援程序 等等。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - 通用工程英语U1-2 (Section A&C)翻译5 Unit 12 Negotiation(1) U12 / Section A So
34、me Issues in Negotiation(P75) In an international construction project after bidding, a certain contractor is successful. And the owner is often unable to accept all contents in the tender of the contractor. This requires negotiations by which the two sides ultimately reach an agreement. In contract
35、ing, negotiation plays a vital role. 一个国际建设项目，经过招标，某一承包商竞标成功。但业主通常不会接受承包商标书中的所有内容。这就需要双方进行谈判，通过谈判最终达成协议。在缔约 过程中， 谈判起着至关重要的作用。There are some key issues in the negotiation. They are ：在谈判中，有一些关键问题需要注意，它们分别是: The issue of working range 工作范围问题It refers to the scope of work undertaken by the contractor, i
36、ncluding construction, materials, equipment supply, the provision of construction personnel, the amount of work to determine, quality requirements and other responsibilities and obligations. The scope of work is the prerequisite for the establishment of the contract and also the basis of negotiation
37、s. Therefore, it can be said that the scope of work is a very important issue in contract negotiations. In the provisions of the scope of work the following three cases should be paid attention to ：它指的是承包商承担的工作范围 ，这包括建筑施工、材料、设备供应、关于施工人员的条款、要确定的工作量、质量要求和其他的责任与义务。工作范围是合同成立（订立合同 ）的先决条件，也是谈判的基础。因此，可以说，工
38、作范围是合同谈判中一个非常重要的问题，在工作范围的规定 中，应注意以下三种情况: (A) The scope of work and content is not clear or the contractor does not correctly understand, which results from leakage and will directly affect the cost of the project. 工作范围和内容表述不清楚，或者承包商没有正确理解，造成了内容的泄露，都将会直接影响工程的造价。(B)The text in the provisions of the sc
39、ope of the work is not clear.关于工作范围的条款文本表述不清楚。(C) Inaccuracy cases in Chinese translation of tenders in foreign languages. The quotation based on such incorrect translation will affect the contract price. 外文标书翻译成中文时，存在的不准确情况。基于这样错误翻译的报价将会影响合同价格。All of these cases in the negotiations must be very cle
40、ar. The key equipment translation must be professional. It needs technical personnel and interpreters to review and strive to avoid big mistakes. 所有这些出现的情况在谈判中都必须非常清楚。关键设备的翻译必须是专业的。需要技术人员和口译员去认真审查，尽力 避免大的错误。The issue of contract price 合同价格的问题Contract price is the most important content of the contra
41、ct, which is the key to the discussion, including unit price, total price, salary, overtime and other costs, as well as payment methods and payment conditions. Contract prices are affected by the scope of work, contract duration and other obligations.合同价格是合同当中最重要的内容，它是谈判的关键。包括 单价、总价、薪水、加班费和其他费用，以及付款
42、方式和付款条件。合同价格受工作范围、合同工期和其他义务的影响。(A) The owner asked the contractor to use a fixed price to bid, or allowed some price flexibility clauses . For 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - 通用工程英语U1-2 (Section A&C)翻译6 example, in the even
43、t of a devaluation of the currency , could the contract price be increased? If not allowed, then the contractor should make judgments on the price by considering full factors such as the country s political situation, economic conditions and so on.业主要求承包商使用固定价格 来投标，或允许某些弹性价格条款。例如，在 货币贬值 的情况下，合同价格是否可
44、以增加？如果不允许，则承包商应充分考虑如该国的政治情况、经济条件等诸多因素，对价格产生的影响作出判断。(B) In the contract period, the owner can or cannot guarantee a certain or several commodities prices stable. For example, the owner asked the contractor to use a fixed price to bid, but can guarantee the prices of a small number of other commoditie
45、s such as cement stable. If these commodity prices were raised, the contract price could be increased. 在 合同有效期 内，业主不一定能保证某种或几种商品价格的稳定 。例如，业主要求承包商使用固定价格进行投标， 但可以保证其他少数商品，如水泥的价格稳定。如果这些商品价格上涨，合同价格可能会提高。The issue of contract project time合同项目时间的问题The contract duration indicates that the contractor s work
46、 must be completed within a specified period of time. It is the default basis for defaulting fine , but also an important factor affecting the contract price . The contract duration requirements should be stated as follows ：合同工期 表明，承包商的工作必须在规定的时间内完成。这是违约罚款 的默认基础 ，也是影响合同价格的一个重要因素。合同期限的要求如下: (A) If th
47、e start conditions cannot be guaranteed, the duration should be extended. To ensure the completion of schedule, first of all, it is necessary to protect the start on time. The factors which may affect the start should be written into the terms of the contract, such as to provide construction drawing
48、s on time, to deliver construction sites timely. 如果不能保证（项目）开始条件 ，则应延长工期。为确保按计划完工，首先有必要保护按时开工。应把可能影响施工开始的因素都写进合同条款中，例如：应按时提供施工图纸 ，及时交付施工地点。If the owner cannot check timely before acceptance , the duration should be extended. Some owners, subjectively in order to delay payment or objectively due to in
49、creasing the amount of engineering or modifying the design content and other factors, do not check the project before acceptance, which has been completed by the contractor.（一些业主，由于有想推迟付款的主观原因，或由于增加了工程量或修改了设计内容或其它因素等客观原因，验收前不检验承包商已完工的项目）.It will force the contractor to interrupt the construction. Th
50、erefore, the work which needs the owner to confirm the approval should be determineda double limited time limit. If the confirmation time of the owner exceeds the time limit, the contractor has the right to require the owner to extend the contract duration. 如果业主 在验收前 不能及时检查，应当延长工期 。一些业主，主观上为了推迟付款，或者