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1、第 1 页 共 11 页人教版英语八年级上册Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 教材全解【教材内容解析】Section A1. Where did you go on vacation? (P. 1)on vacation意为“在度假”，结构“ on+名词”表示“在某种状态中” 。My family went to Hainan on vacation last year.2. .visited my uncle (P. 1)visit 此处用作及物动词，后接人或物做宾语，意为“拜访、看望”，后接表示地点的名词，意为“参观、游览”。I visited my
2、 grandmother last week.Do you want to visit Shanghai?3. .go with anyone? (P. 2)(1) anyone用作不定代词，意为“有人、任何人” ，相当于 anybody，用于疑问句和否定句中，在肯定句中用 someone或者 somebody 。但是 anyone也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个人”。Did you meet anyone friendly in that city?Anyone can be helpful in some way.(2) anyone只能指人，不可以指物，后面不接of 短语； any o
3、ne既可以指人也可以指物，后可接of 短语。Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their sons.4. .buy anything special? (P. 2)(1) buy 用作双宾语动词，表示“买” ，常用的结构为“ buy sb. sth. ”或者“ buy sth. for sb. ” ，表示“为某人买某物”。My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike for me.【拓展】 可接双宾语的动词还有give, bring, show,
4、 tell, sell 等。give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页第 2 页 共 11 页bring sb. sth.=bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某物sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人(2) 形 容 词 修 饰 复 合 不 定 代 词 （ s
5、omething/body/one, anything/body/one, nothing/body/one, everything/body/one）时，放在复合不定代词后面。I have something important to tell you.5. We took quite a few photos there. (P. 2)take photos意为“拍照、照相”，take a photo/photos of sb./sth. 意为“给拍照”。We took many photos on the Great Wall.Could you take a photo of us?6
6、. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. (P. 2)most of 表示“中大多数”，后接可数名词或者不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于后面所接名词的单复数。Most of the food goes bad.Most of us are going to the park.7. No, I bought nothing. (P. 3)nothing 用作不定代词，表示“没有任何东西” ，相当于 not anything。I did nothing special last month.=I didnt d
7、o anything special last month.8. Did everyone have a good time? (P. 3)have a good time表示“玩得开心”， 后接动词 ing， 表示 “做某事很开心”， have a good time相当于 enjoy oneself/have fun 。We had a good time at the party.=We enjoyed ourselves at the party.=We had fun at the party.I had a good time playing with my friends on
8、the playground.9. How did you like it? (P. 3)How do you like.?意为“你认为怎么样” ，相当于 How do you feel about.?或者 What do you think of.?-How do you like the film?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页第 3 页 共 11 页-Wonderful.10. Did you go shopping? (P. 3)go shopping表示“去购物、去买东西”，相当于 do some s
9、hopping 。类似的短语还有： go swimming, go skating, go fishing, go hiking, go boating, go camping等。I went shopping and bought something for my parents.11. Of course! (P. 3)of course意为“当然”，相当于 sure或者 certainly。-May I borrow your dictionary?-Of course!12. Still no one seemed to be bored. (P. 3)(1) seem用作系动词，表示
10、“似乎、好像” ，常用的结构有： seem+adj./to be/that+ 句子。The story seems true.What he said seemed to be a lie.It seems that they are going to pull down the house.(2) bored 表示“感到厌倦的”，用来说明人的感受； boring 表示“令人厌烦的、单调的” ，用来说明事物的特征。The film was so boring that almost anyone felt bored.【拓展】 以 ed 结尾的形容词，通常用来修饰或者描述人，以ing 结尾的动
11、词，通常用来修饰或者描述物，类似的形容词还有：interesting/interested; exciting/excited; surprising/surprised 。Section B1. What activities do you find enjoyable? (P. 5)(1) find 这里表示“发现、觉得” ，宾语后常接宾语补足语， 常用的结构有： find sb./sth+n./adj./doing sth./介词短语。The students find her a kind teacher.I find the book useful.When I passed his
12、 house,I found his wife cooking.Finally, they found the boy in the tree.(2) enjoyable 是 enjoy 的形容词形式，表示“有趣的、令人愉快的”。I m sure that we will have an enjoyable vacation.The job is enjoyable and I like it.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页第 4 页 共 11 页2. I arrived in Penang in Malays
13、ia this morning with my family. (P. 5)arrive 作不及物动词，表示 “ 到达” ，接宾语时，需要加上介词in 或者 at。例如：When did you arrive?We are arriving at the station at two oclock.【拓展】reach表示“到达”时，是及物动词，后面直接接表示地点的名词作宾语。另外两个表示“到达”的动词（ get和 arrive）都是不及物动词， get to+地点； arrive in/at+地点。3. .so we decided to go to the beach near our ho
14、tel. (P. 5)decide表示“决定”时，常用的结构为：decide to do sth. “决定做某事”。The government decided to build another school in this village.4. My sister and I tried paragliding . (P. 5)try doing sth. “尝试做某事”；try to do sth. “尽力做某事”。The doctor tries to save the sick girl.The boy tried playing the piano.【拓展】 try 也可以用作名词，
15、表示“尝试” ，have a try表示“尝试一下”。I m going to have a try.5. I felt like I was a bird. (P. 5)feel like 此处表示“感觉像”，后接从句。He feels like he is swimming.【拓展】feel like 还可以表示“想要” ， 后接名词、代词或者动名词做宾语， feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.=want to do sth.Do you feel like going out for a walk with me?=Would you li
16、ke to go out for a walk with me?=Do you want to go out for a walk with me?6. There are a lot of new buildings now.(P. 5)a lot of 相当于 lots of 表示“许多”，可以用来修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。There is a lot of rain in summer in this place.【拓展】只修饰不可数名词的量词有：a little, little, a great deal of, much, too much只修饰可数名词的量词有：a few,
17、few, several, many, too many, a number of精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页第 5 页 共 11 页既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的量词有：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of7. I wonder what life was like here in th past. (P. 5)wonder 表示“好奇、想知道”，后接 whether/if, what, who, why 等引导宾语从句。I wonder what the
18、y are doing now.I wonder if you can help me.8. I really enjoyed walking around the town. (P. 5)enjoy 用作及物动词，表示“喜欢” ，后接名词、代词或者动名词做宾语。Do you enjoy music?I don t enjoy sleeping with the window open.9. What a difference a day makes! (P. 5)本句是 what 引导的感叹句， what 引导的感叹句常用的结构有：“What+a/an+ 形容词 +单数可数名词 +主语+谓语
19、” 或者“What+ 形容词 +可数名词复数 /不可数名词 +主语+谓语” 。What a beautiful flower!What interesting books these are!What heavy snow it is!【拓展】 how 引导的感叹句的结构为 “How+ 形容词 /副词+主语+谓语” 。How beautiful the bird is!How fast Mary runs!10. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take
20、 the train. (P. 5)(1) want 表示“想要”时，为及物动词，后接不定式作宾语或者用于句型“want sb. to do sth. ”中，表示“想要某人做某事” 。They don t want to throw away the old furniture.She wants her parents to pay for the car.(2) start后常接名词、动词不定式或者动名词作宾语，用法相当于begin。When shall we start the meeting?Let s start discussing/to discuss about the nex
21、t problem.11. We waited over an hour for the train because there are too many people. (P. 5)(1) wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”；wait to do sth.“等待做某事”；cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页第 6 页 共 11 页We are waiting for the result of the exam.All the passe
22、ngers are waiting to get on the bus.The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over.(2) over 此处表示“多于、超过” ，相当于 more than。My father is over 40 years old.(3) too much, much too和 too many辨析too much太多（的）用作形容词，修饰不可数名词I have too much homework to do.用作副词，修饰动词Don t eat too much.much too太用作副词，修饰形容词
23、和副词The picture is much too beautiful.too many太多的用作形容词，修饰可数名词复数The little boy has too many questions to ask.12. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. (P. 5)(1) because of意为“ 因为、由于 ” ，后接名词、代词或者动名词， because是连词，引导原因状语从句，后接一个句子。He is late for school because of the bad weather.=He
24、 is late for school because the weather is bad.(2) below 表示“在以下、低于” ，反义词是 above，意为“在之上，超过” 。It was five degrees below zero last night.13. My father didnt bring enough money.(P. 5)(1) bring 表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take 表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry 表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。The students brough
25、t their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school.(2) enough可以用作形容词，表示“足够的、充分的”，用来修饰名词，可以放在名词前面，也可以放在名词后面。The rich man has enough money.=The rich man has money enough.【拓展】enough还可以用作副词， 修饰形容词或者副词， 放在形容词或者副词后面， 常用的结构为：be +adj.+enough+to do sth. “足够能够做某事” 。The boy is old enough
26、 to go to school.The father works hard enough for his family.14. Well, but the next day was not as good. (P. 5)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页第 7 页 共 11 页当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等 )程度相同或不同时，常用asas或 not as as 结构，表示“ 和一样” 或“ 和不一样 ” 。如：Mary is as careful as Linda 玛丽和琳达一样仔细。He does n
27、ot run as fast as Tom他跑步没有汤姆快。15. .because we forgot to bring an umbrella. (P. 6)forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”，强调忘记去做某事，实际上也没有做；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事” ，强调已经做过某事，但是忘记了。He forgot to take the message to his friend.Dont forget to lock the door when you leave.Dont you forget meeting me in the street yester
28、day?16. Why not? (P. 8)why not 意为“为什么”，表示提出建议，后接动词原形，相当于why don t you.?Why not go to the party with me?=Why dont you go to the party with me?17. Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water. (P. 8)with 此处表示“具有、带有” ，还可以表示“和在一起”或者“用”。I often go to school with my friends.Cut the apple with
29、 a knife.18. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. (P. 8)so.that. 意为“如此以至于” ，用来引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后面接形容词或者副词。Our school is so beautiful that everyone likes it.He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.【拓展】 such.that. 引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”，such 后面接名词短语，名词前经常跟有形容词进行修饰。He is such a smart boy th
30、at we all like him.They are such experienced workers that they will solve the problem soon.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页第 8 页 共 11 页19. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. (P. 8)(1) tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事” 。The teache
31、r told us to clean the windows.I told him not to draw on the wall.(2) keep doing sth. 表示“继续做某事、一直做某事”She kept watching TV for two hours last night.(3) go on 表示“继续” ，go on to do sth. 表示“ （完成一件事后） 接着做另一件事”，go on doing sth./go on with sth.意为“继续做同一件事” 。She went on to become a doctor.You can t go on work
32、ing without any rest.We will go on with the discussion tomorrow.20. Everyone jumped up and down in excitement. (P. 8)up and down表示“上上下下、来来回回” 。They looked up and down.He walks up and down in the room.21. Twenty minutes later, the sun started to come up. (P. 8)come up意为“升起、发生”。It gets hot after the s
33、un has come up.Please let me know if anything comes up.【重点短语和句型归纳】一、重点短语1.go on vacation去度假2.stay at home待在家里3.go to the mountains去爬山4.go to the beach去海滩5.visit museums 参观博物馆6.go to summer camp去参加夏令营7.quite a few相当多8.study for tests为测验而学习9.go out出去精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共
34、 11 页第 9 页 共 11 页10.most of the time大部分时间11.have a good time doing=have fun doing =enjoy oneself 玩得高兴12.of course=sure =certainly当然13.feel like 给的感觉；感受到14.go shopping去购物15.in the past在过去16.walk around四处走走17.because of 因为18. a/one bowl of 一碗 19. the next day第二天20.drink tea喝茶21.find out 找出；查明22.go on继
35、续23.take photos照相24.something important重要的事25.up and down上上下下e up出来e out 出版发行28.go out with anyone 跟别人出去29.say about 发表对 看法30.rain hard 雨下得大31.too much 太多二、重点句型1.buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物2.taste / look/sound/smell good. 尝起来 /看起来 /听起来 /闻起来不错3.nothingbut+动词原形除了之外什么都没有4.seem+ （to be）+ adj.
36、 看起来 5.arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 /get to +地点/reach +地点到达某地6.decide to do sth. 决定去做某事7.try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事8.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 / forget to do sth.忘记做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页第 10 页 共 11 页9.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事10. want to do sth. 想去做某事1
37、1.start doing sth. 开始做某事12.stop doing sth. 停止做某事13.dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14.keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep on doing sth 不停做某事15.Why not do. sth.=why dont you do sth为什么不做 呢？16.so+adj.+that+ 从句如此以至于 17.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事18.enough +名词，形容词 +enough19.not really 真的没有20.seem to do sth 似乎好像
38、做某事21.Bye for now!到这该说再见了。22.How do you like =What do you think of=What do you think about 你认为 怎么样【语法讲解】一 复合不定代词1、由 some, any, no, every 加上 one, body, thing构成不定代词，成为复合不定代词。onebodythingsomesomeonesomebodysomethinganyanyoneanybodyanythingeveryeveryoneeverybodyeverythingnono onenobodynothing2、用法（1）复合不定
39、代词相当于名词，在句中可以用作主语、宾语和表语。Someone is knocking at the door.I don t have anything to say today.Money isn t everything.（2）复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时，形容词和动词不定式后置。I have something important to tell you.There is nothing wrong with the radio.（3）复合不定代词做主语时，表示单数概念，谓语动词用单词形式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
40、 -第 10 页，共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页Everything begins to grow in spring.（4）some -不定代词用在肯定句中或者表示请求的一般疑问句中；any-不定代词多用于疑问句中否定句中。Will you ask someone to carry the box for me?Would you like something to drink?（5）anyone和 anything 也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何人”和“任何事”。Anyone can do it.I can do anything for you.二 一般过去时的规则动词和不规则动
41、词（一）规则变化构成规则：在动词末尾直接加 -ed . 例如， work -worked , look -looked , play played 以不发音的字母 e结尾的动词，直接加 -d . 例如， live lived , hope hoped , use used 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 再加-ed . 例如， study studied , carry carried , worry worried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后的辅音字母， 再加-ed . 例如， stop stopped , planplanned （二）不规则变化1. 没有变化，即：与动词原形一样。例如，cut cut , put put , read read 2. 变化元音，例如， write- wrote , know knew , come came 3. 变化辅音，例如， make made , spend spent , send sent 4. 辅音和元音都变化，例如，leave left , teach taught , think thought 5. 其他情况，例如， is was , are were , have had 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页