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1、初中英语介词用法总括1.in序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1 表示时间在某段时间朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于 1 天的时间段 。（注意和at 在这方面的区别：at 指的是 短于 1 天的时间点 ）In Tang dynasty;in the 19th century;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week; in a month;in the morning 2 表示位置在某个地方国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等( 自然意义上的地方) In china;in huabei;in Beiji
2、ng;in the sky 在某个场所车、教室、超市等( 注意和 at 在这方面的区别，at 一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方) In the train; in the classroom; 甲处于乙中除实物里面外，注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”，有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。We are in the classroom; They are sitting in the shade of a tree；They are studying in the birghtlight. 3 表示将来在以后用在一般将来时中，是从“现在时间点往后. ”They will co
3、me back in 10 days 4 语言单位材料/ 关于“材料“，注意和with 在这个用法上的区别。(with偏向“工具”，in 偏向“材料”)I wrote a novel in Russian；The length is measured in meter, and centimetre；This board was cast in gold. 5 状态方面服饰/ 状态：既可以指人的状态，也可指物的状态；方面：既可指具体，也可指抽象方面；服饰：尤以颜色和状态常考He wasnt in good health,so talk in low voice. Our country in
4、rich in natural resources; A good teacher must be an example in study He is in red shoes today 初中阶段应掌握的In 的常见短语介词短语in all 总计 ;in general 一般来说；in time 及时； in advance 事前 ;in the meantime 与此同时 ;in place 适当地； in the hope of怀着希望;in connection with 和有关;in contact with 和联系;in addition to 除以外;in case of 倘若，
5、万一;in conflict with 和冲突;in force 有效的，大批;in depth 彻 底 地 ;in regard to 关 于 ;in the neighborhood of 大 约 、 邻 近 ;in retrospect 回 顾 ， 一 想 起 ;in behalf of 代表利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in ones opinion 在看来;in word 口头上 ;in a word 总之 ;in vain 无益地 , 白白地 ;in case 如果，万一，以防;in detail 详细地 ;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusio
6、n 总之； in spite of 尽管 ;in other words换句话说 ;in return 作为回报 ;in the name of 以名义； be confident in 对有信心;be interested in 对感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑 ;in love 恋爱中 ;in debt 负债 ;in hesitation 犹豫不决 ;in wonder 在惊奇中 ;in public (secret) 公开他 ( 秘密地 );in a good mood (情绪) 好 ; in danger, in debt(负债 ), in a hurry；in stock(有库存 )
7、 ；in peace(平安 ) (at peace和平 ), 动词短语believe in信任 ; break inbreak in 闯入 , 插嘴 , 打断 ;bring in引起；产生；带来; come in进来；流行；call in下令收回 ; take in吸收、卷起；订阅，上当，受骗； turn in上缴，归还；fill in填充； get in收获；succeed in成功； check in到达登记， cut in插嘴 , 插入； count in包括； draw in时间接近； drop in顺路拜访； give in投降、屈服； go in for 参加；爱好，追求；hand
8、 in 交上，上缴； pour in源源而来。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 42 页2.on 序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1 表示时间在某天或一天内的某个时间段在星期几、具体的某一天or 某日的早、中、晚（时间前有定语修饰）On Sunday(Mon.Tue );on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;on Wed.morning;on a cold night;on childrenday( 核心提示：所有的节日都是用on) 2 表示位置（具体）在上面与物体表面相接触（注意
9、与aboveover的区别）There are a lot of books on the shelf; On the face; on the head;on the floorfootball fieldplaygroudroadroof On the farm on the market(常考 ) （抽象）在上面收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张（所有有形的，无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on）On TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone；You are wrong on all these issues 在（边）上左、右、两边
10、On the left; on the right; on both sides; there is a hotel on the lake 3 表示状态处于状态人或者物的目前状态; On duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;on the country；on scale 4 表示关系关于文章or 论著（ 高中阶段掌握）On指专门论述（注意和about 相区别）I want a book on South Africa. He wrote an article on the im
11、portance of birth control 靠相当于 depend on 的含义The people in the south live on rice; You cant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot 5 特定时间一就（ 高中阶段掌握）相当于 as soon as+ 主语的含义On entering the room, he found his friends dancing；初中阶段应掌握In 的常见短语介词短语On the spot当场；立即； on the run在逃跑中
12、； On the air在广播中； on fire着火； on time准时； on duty值日； on strike罢工； on sale上市； on the country相反地； on schedule按时间表，准时; on business公事； on display在展出； on the one hand一方面； on the other hand另一方面； on one s way to在路上； on one s own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等； on purpose故意，专门特别注意：乘坐交通工具都用by, 但 on foot 步行；
13、on horse骑马； on donkey 骑驴动词短语Bring on引起，导致； call on 号召，拜访；decide on 决定 ;depend on依靠，取决于；get on上车；相处；进展 ;go on继续 ; get on with进展，相处； look on旁观，观望；look on as 把看 / 当作 ;look down on 看不起，轻视；pass on传递，传交；hand on传递下去； put on 表演，上演；戴/ 穿上；假装；take on 呈现，具有；流行；承担，雇用；turn on打开（灯，气，水，电器等）；work on 继续工作 , 钻研（学问或技术）
14、 ; carry on继续开展，坚持; hold on 继续； (电话 ) 不挂断；抓牢，坚持;try on试穿。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 42 页3.at 序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1 表示时间在时刻岁时In 是时间段， at 是时间点，相对更精确At noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;at dinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning
15、 of;at the end of;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;at sunset; at 7 oclock at （on） the weekend常考2 表示地点在位置或场所家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of;at the corner of ;at the crossroads;at the gate of;at he bottom of;at the top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at the barbar s;a
16、t the airport;at the station;at 405 Victory Road 3 表示度速度以速度The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed 温度在度Water usually boils at 100 ; at 10 degrees centigrade 价格按价格The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost 4 表示方向朝，向表示 动作的方向Aim at 向. 瞄准； shout at向. 大喊； throw at向. 扔；smile at向 . 微笑； rush at向 .
17、 冲去 ;fire at向. 开火5 表示原因由于（高中阶段掌握一般用在系表结构中，对形容词的原因进行说明I was surprised at the news; He was discouraged at his failure 6 表示能力擅长于固定考点：be good at;be bad at;an expert at He is good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词) 初中阶段应掌握In 的常见短语介词短语at first 首先，开始时；at last;at most;at least 至少； at all events 无论如何； at home 在家，无拘束； at
18、 a loss 不知怎办； at any rate 不管怎样； at length 详细地； be at high tide 处于高潮期；at our invitation 应我们的邀请；at our request 应我们的请求；at the news 听到这消息； at the risk of 冒危险；at a great expense 以巨大费用；at intervals of 每隔； at the sight of 一见到 at the point of 接近，靠近； at the thought of 一想到； at the speed of 以速度； at the cost (p
19、rice) of 以为代价；at leisure 闲着、失业； at stake 在危险中、在成败关头；at bottom 实际上、本质上；at short notice 一得到通知 ;at seeing us 看到我们； at the present stage 在现阶段； at the weekend 周末； at all times 永远；动词短语call at访问（某地）；come at 袭击，攻击 ; get at意指，本意是；理解；到达; knock at 敲打（门窗），敲击 ;look at看;work at从事 , 致力于 , 钻研 ; laugh at嘲笑； glare at
20、怒目而视； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 42 页4.about 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 关于、有关This is a book about how to study english 2 大约 , 近于表示时间或数量I will be with you in about 3minutes; There are about 30students in the classroom. 3 到处，在周围，附近相当于 here and there He walked about
21、 the street. 4 What about ?( 习惯用语 ) About 为介词，所以后接动词ing 形式What about taking a break? 动词短语go about着手 , 四处走走 ;set about着手，开始;worry about为担心 ; come about 发生 ;care about关心、在意; bring about引起，带来 , 导致 ;knock about漫游； look about四处看看，四处环顾；set about doing着手做，开始；turn about向后转；think about考虑（是否去做）；argue about争论
22、; know about了解 ;hear about听说 ;ask about 询问 ;chat about闲聊 ;quarrel about争吵 ;speak talk about谈论 ;complain about报怨5.above 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 高于，在之上表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量( 重、数、度 ) 、音调等The mountain is 2000meters above the sea level（位置） ; I know youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位 ) The old la
23、dy is above eighty（年龄） ; There are above forty girl students in the class（数量） ; Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量 ) ；Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量 ) 2 非能力所及，超出能力、行为、品质等The maths problem is above me; Honest above everything else; He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来)介词短语Above all
24、首先，最重要的是，最要紧的是；He was above all a good and tireless writer; above all, we must be health 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 42 页6.across 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 横过、穿过表示动作的方向He swam across the river; The policeman helped the old man walk across the street. 2 在对面，在那一边表示位置上的对应关系，在隔着的对面He lives
25、across the street; Japan lies across the pacific ocean 常见短语Come across 偶遇； get across横穿马路；能理解，被听懂；run across偶遇，横跨；7.against 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 撞到、紧靠表示动作的方向，有靠、撞击的意思I have hit my head against a wall; She stood with her back against the tree; The rain beat against the windows 2 反、逆、违背反对（赞成的反义）逆方向 ; 违背（意愿等）
26、Are you for or against the plan? There were 20 votes for her and 12 against her; He is swimming against this current. She did it against her own will3 以防（大学阶段掌握此用法）They saved money against old age. 4 表示陪衬( 高中阶段掌握此用法) The red flag is fluttering against the blue sky; His red clothes stook out clearly
27、against the snow. 常见短语Go against违反、违背、反对；stand against反对，不支持；turn against（转而）反对，背叛；run against违反，偶然遇到；fight against与斗争； over against正对着，在对面（fe: he lived over against the school）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 42 页8.after 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 （时间、顺序、位置）在之后表时间时，后面跟的是个时间点After breakfast h
28、e ordered a taxi. Shut the door after you; After you,please. A few kilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate 2 探求、追求、追寻、找与 be 动词或其它动词合用时，有此含义A police is running after a thief; He is after a job at our place; I think he is only after money. What are you after? I am looking for my wallet
29、. 3 按照、仿照、依照、效仿相当于 according to的含义Make sentence after the example That was a play after Shakespeare. They named the building after the scientist. 4 由于，尽管高级用法，高中阶段掌握After failing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more time on English study. After all his efforts,John has fail
30、ed. 常见短语介词短语Day after day日复一日； year after year年复一年； One after nother一个接一个地，相继；after a little/moment/while过了一会； after all毕竟，终究；after ones heart合的心；after service售后服务， after the fashion勉强 (fe:He can speak and write English after a fashion他多少会说一些英语但不太好 ) ；动词短语Look after照顾，照看；take after相像，长得像，效仿（John tak
31、es after his dad）； ask after问候 , be after寻求 ,do(sth.)after学着做，go after设法得到 , inquire after问候 , run after追求 , seek after追逐精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 42 页9.along 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 顺着，沿着表具体：沿着 具体物体 的边缘We walked along the street. 2 顺着，沿着表抽象：沿着抽象事物 的方向发展（该用法为along 的副词用法）My life is g
32、oing along nicely 常见短语1.Along with与一起 (fe:The babys mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；2.all along一直（ fe:Ive been fooling myself all along）3.bring along把带来，领来; 使发展（ Did you bring along some books?）4. come along 出现；沿着过来；加油；进展5. get on / along （with.）进展；相处10.among 序号含义理解核心典型例句
33、1 在之中；在. 中间表具体：三者或者三者以上之中I found him among the crowd Please divide the cake among you four 表抽象Most important among the countrys problems is the lack of health facilities. 2 之一相当于 one of的功能Einstein is among the greatest scientists 备注- among 与 between 的区别：三者与两者之间的区别。但在下列情况，between 可用于三者： (1) 当两个以上的人或物
34、用and 连接时： between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间； (2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时： the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系；(3) 表示“由于合作的结果”时：Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。 (4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时，用 among between 均可
35、： He divided his money among between his five sons. 他把钱分给了5 个儿子。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 42 页11.as 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 作为，当作注意和 as for的区别(as for为至于，关于) Dont treat me as a child; I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher. As for me, I dont mind going there by train; 2 当时候，在同时as 当
36、“连词”时的用法The play started as I got there; As I was a child,I liked singing very much 3 正如，就像As you can see,we are still working. 因为，由于We have a very wonderful TV, but we hardly watch it as we have so much housework to do. 备注1.As .as 像 .一样（fe: the little girl over there looks as beautiful as my daught
37、er）; 2.as long as只要 (fe: As long as you can keep away from them, youre safe) 3.as a matter of fact adv. 事实上（ fe: Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow, as a matter of fact.）4.as a whole adv. 总体上 (fe: We must consider these matters as a whole) 5.as far as adv. 远到，直到，至于 ( 6.As if 好象似的仿佛一样7.as well as adv. 也
38、，又8.as well 也 （fe: Water is colourless, air as well ）9.not so much.as. 与其说 .不如说是 .(fe: He is not so much a writer as a reporter) 10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；诸如（fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk, are tax-free ）11. look on .as 把 .看作 . 12.before 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 在以前；在前面；在之前表示时间We have to finish t
39、he work before 10 oclock. He made a speech before a lot of audience He arrived before me. 表示位置表示顺序2 以前，以往（此时 Before 做副词）She had never been to Italy before 3 在以前（此时 before 做连词）I want to think it over before I decide about it 常用短语1.before long 不久；（fe: I hope to see you again before long ）2.long before
40、 很久以前(fe: Weve seen that film long before) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 42 页13.behind 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 比晚；迟于表示时间Your ideas are behind the times; He arrived ten minutes behind time. 2 在后面表示位置He hide himself behind the tree. There is someone behind you. 3 落后于，低于，不如表抽象：表示力量、能力等I am
41、 far behind you in English Johns behind the rest of the class in reading. 4 支持；作为的后盾此时相当于support的作用He had his mother behind him. 常用短语1.behind schedule 不准时2.behind the times 过时的3.behind the curtain 在幕后4.far behind 在后面很远，把 远远的甩在身后5.left behind 遗留，留下（被动语句中更常用）14.below 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 在以下具体 ：表示位置（below 含某
42、个水平线或水平面以下的意思，而 under 是某个物体以下）Dont write your answer below this line; Fish were swimming below the surface of the water. 2 低于，在 . 以下表示年龄He can t be below fifty. 3 表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数量等He is below me in the class; His income is below the average income in the area；During the night,temperatures dropped be
43、low zero. 15.beside 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 在旁边；在. 附近表具体位置：表示地点He sat beside her all night; I want to buy a beautiful beside the river. 2 和相比引申用法 ( 大学阶段掌握 )Beside his ,my trouble is nothing; My work condition looks poor beside hers 短语Be beside oneself (with sth) 因而忘形，失去控制I was beside myself with joy. 精选学习资料 -
44、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 42 页16.besides 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 除. 以外（还有）注意和 except 的区别（except 用来引出陈述中唯一不适用的事物、情形、人或想法，是从整体中除去；而 besides 只是特别强调而已）Besides English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on. Besides cancer, smoking can lead other diseases She is a nice girl except a bit ugly.
45、There wasnt anything in the box except a few dirty clothes 2 另外，再说（此时当副词）I dont like that new dictionary, besides, its too expensive 17.between 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 在之间（两者）( 常和 and 常用 ) 具体：表示时间、位置、数量The lunch hour is between 11 and 13pm; Shanxi province is between henan and gansu The temperature is between
46、 25 degree and 30 all week 2 抽象：表示比较、分配、关系、性质等Whats the differencde between women and man? They shared the chocolate between the two of them; The relations between teachers and students are excellent My job is between a secretary and a personal assistant. 18.beyond 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 在的那边；在以外；表示具体位置：在某物体
47、的范围之外The airport is 20miles beyond the town; What lies beyond the mountains? 2 超出，高于表示抽象的范围、限度等This book is beyond me; He is living beyond his income; The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words; The watch is damaged beyond repair 3 过了，比 . 晚，迟于表示时间He came home beyond the usual time; 19.but 序号含义理解核心典型例句1
48、 除了 . ；除了 . 之外She has no choice but to cry. 2 常用短语Not only but also 不但而且He not only studies hard but also works well；Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it（倒装）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 42 页20.by 序号含义理解核心典型例句1 在. 旁边，身边表示位置，相当于beside 的意思只是 by 可以用于引申含义He stood b
49、y the window and look out over the fields; I haven t got any money by me. 2 到时候（为止，以前）表示时间 ( 跟时间点 ) He is sure to come by 3 0clock. The homework need to be ready by next Friday. 3 按；以表示标准，度量，数量In America many workers were paid by the week; Dont judge a man by his clothes/looks; The cotton crop has i
50、ncreased by 25% this year 4 乘、靠、用、以、通过、被表示方法、方式、手段等（海、陆、空、车、偶、被）by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路 ( 航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车) ；by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，无意中The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. I will contact you by letter/phone 5 相差表示程度（高级用法，大学阶段掌握）He missed the train by five minutes; He is tall