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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除单位代码 6130 学号 080102502 分 类 号 密 级 文献翻译红外感应式延时照明灯的应用 院（系）名称信息工程学院 专业名称电子信息工程 学生姓名许 浩 指导教师蔡艳艳 2011 年 03 月 10 日【精品文档】第 7 页红外感应式延时照明灯的应用1摘要随着电子技术，特别是随大规模集成电路的产生而出现的微型计算机技术的飞速发展，人类生活发生了根本性的改变。集成电路的出现给现代工业带来了不小的变革。它体积小、重量轻、高可靠性、高性能价格比，在电子技术中得到了广泛的应用。本课题研究的内容就是以KA2148为主要控制元件，通过555时基电
2、路等元器件实现红外感应式延时照明电路的设计。2介绍本课题主要由红外发射管的驱动电路、KA2148集成电路、脉冲启动型单稳态触发器构成。其基本工作原理：红外发射管的驱动电路驱动红外发射管正常工作，当人靠近时，产生红外信号，红外发射管将红外反射信号输入KA2148，通过电路内对信号的放大与调节，由其输出的低电平使三极管导通，并触发单稳态触发器工作，使电灯变亮。3.相关芯片及电路设计3.1NE555芯片NE555 (Timer IC)大约在1971由Signetics Corporation发布，在当时是唯一非常快速且商业化的Timer IC，在往后的30非常普遍被使用，且延伸出许多的应用电，尽管近
3、CMOS技术版本的Timer IC如MOTOROLA的MC1455已被大的使用，但原规格的NE555依然正常的在市场上供应，尽管新版IC在功能上有部份的改善，但其脚位劲能并没变化，所以到目前可直接的代用。NE555是属于555系列的计时IC的其中的一种型号，555系列IC的接脚功能及运用都是相容的，只是型号不同的因其价格不同其稳定度、省电、可产生的振荡频率也不大相同；而555是一个用途很广且相当普遍的计时IC，只需少数的电阻和电容，便可产生数位电路所需的各种不同频率之脉冲信号。 3.1.1 NE555的功能特性供应电压4.5-18V 供应电3-6 mA 输出电225mA (max) 上升/下时
4、间100 ns3.1.2 NE555的特点1.只需简单的电阻器、电容器，即可完成特定的振荡延时作用。其延时范围极广，可由几微秒至几小时之久。 2.它的操作电源电压范围极大，可与TTL，CMOS等逻辑电路配合，也就是它的输出准位及输入触发准位，均能与这些逻辑系列的高、低态组合。 3.其输出端的供给电流大，可直接推动多种自动控制的负载。 4.它的计时精确度高、温度稳定度佳，且价格便宜。5.静态电流最大值VCC = 5 V, RL = =6mA VCC =15 V, RL = =15mA3.1.3 红外发射管的驱动电路多谐振荡器的振荡频率由（RlR2）、R3与Cl的值决定。通常用于红外发射的驱动频率
5、为38一40kHz，电路中采用可调电阻R1将其频率调整在这一范围内，并与接收电路的中心频率相一致，使接收电路呈最佳接收状态。多谐振荡器的振荡频率可由公式f=1.443/（R1R22R3）C1来计算。3.2 KA2184芯片3.2.1 KA2184各引脚介绍KA2184引脚介绍如下：1脚：超声信号输入端，该脚的输入阻抗约为40k。 2脚：该脚与地之间连接RC串联网络，它们是负反馈串联网络的一个组成部分，改变它们的数值能改变前置放大器的增益和频率特性。增大电阻R1或减小C1,将使负反馈量增大，放大倍数下降，反之则放大倍数增大。但C1的改变会影响到频率特性，一般在实际使用中不必改动，推荐选用参数为R
6、1=4.7，C1=1F。 3脚：该脚与地之间连接检波电容，电容量大为平均值检波，瞬间相应灵敏度低；若容量小，则为峰值检波，瞬间相应灵敏度高，但检波输出的脉冲宽度变动大，易造成误动作，推荐参数为3.3f。 4脚：接地端。 5脚：该脚与电源间接入一个电阻，用以设置带通滤波器的中心频率f0，阻值越大，中心频率越低。例如，取R=200k时，f042kHz，若取R=220k，则中心频率f038kHz。 6脚： 该脚与地之间接一个积分电容，标准值为330pF，如果该电容取得太大，会使探测距离变短。 7脚：遥控命令输出端，它是集电极开路输出方式，因此该引脚必须接上一个上拉电阻到电源端，推荐阻值为22k，没有
7、接受信号是该端输出为高电平，有信号时则产生下降。 8脚：电源正极，4.55V。 超声波传感器接收部分3.3 基于555的单稳态触发器这是一个由555时基集成电路组成的脉冲启动型单稳态触发器，平时电路处于稳态，2脚为高电，3脚输出低电平。当有负向脉冲或低电平加至它的2脚后，电路立即翻转，3脚变为高电平，这一高电平使继电器K通电吸合，将电灯的电源电路接通，电灯EL亮当3引脚输出高电平时，电路进人暂稳态，同时由电源通过电阻器RII向电容器C8充电。电容器C8的充电过程便是该暂稳态的暂稳时间，当C8充电电压达到电源电压vDD的2/3（6脚的翻转电压）时，电路翻转，单稳态电路的暂稳过程结束，3脚变为低电
8、平。继电器K失电后释放，断开电灯的电源，电灯EL灭。来源于：Satellite Communications第四期附：英文原文Infrared sensing delay the application of light1 SummaryAs electronic technology, especially the generation of large scale integrated circuit with the emergence of the rapid development of micro-computer technology, human life has underg
9、one a fundamental change. The emergence of the modern IC industry has brought great changes. It is small, light weight, high reliability, high cost performance, in the electronic technology has been widely used. The contents of this research is to KA2148 as the main control elements, through the tim
10、e base circuit 555 and other components to achieve infrared sensing delay lighting circuit.2 IntroductionThe main subject of the infrared emission control drive circuit, KA2148 IC, single-shot pulse start pose. The basic working principle: infrared emission control drive circuit driving infrared emi
11、ssion control work, when someone close, the resulting infrared signal, the infrared reflectance infrared emission control signal input KA2148, through the circuit of the signal amplification and regulation, its output The low level so that transistor turns on, and trigger one-shot work so that light
12、 brighte3. Related chip and circuit design3.1NE555 chipNE555 (Timer IC) in about 1971 by the Signetics Corporation released at the time only a very fast and commercialization Timer IC, in the next 30 years is very common use, and extend many of the application circuit, although in recent years versi
13、on of the Timer IC CMOS technology, such as the MC1455 MOTOROLA has been a large amount of use, but the original specifications of the NE555 is still a normal supply in the market, despite the new features on the IC in some improvement, but the pin can be no change in strength , so that are presentl
14、y available direct substitution.NE555 555 series are one of a timing IC model, 555 series IC pin functions and use are compatible, but because of different prices in different models of its stability, power, oscillation frequency can be generated not quite the same; the 555 is a very versatile and v
15、ery common timing IC, only a small number of resistors and capacitors, digital circuits can generate the various frequencies required for the pulse signal. 3.1.1 NE555 functional propertiesSupply voltage 4.5-18VSupply Current 3-6 mAOutput Current 225mA (max)Increase / decrease time to 100 ns3.1.2 NE
16、555 features1. With a simple resistor, capacitor, oscillator delay to complete a specific role. The wide range of delay may be a few microseconds to a few hours long.2. It is a great operating supply voltage range, can be used with TTL, CMOS and other logic circuits with, that is, its Output Level a
17、nd Input trigger level, can these logical series of high and low states of combination.3. The output side of the supply current, can directly promote a variety of automatic control of the load.4. Its time high accuracy, excellent temperature stability, and the price is cheap.5. Quiescent current max
18、imum VCC = 5 V, RL = = 6mA VCC = 15 V, RL = = 15mA3.1.3 infrared emission control drive circuitMultivibrator oscillation frequency of the (Rl + R2), R3 decisions and the value of Cl. For the infrared emission is usually the driving frequency is 38 a 40kHz, adjustable resistor R1 used in the circuit
19、will adjust the frequency in this range, and the center frequency of the receiver circuit is consistent, so that was the best receiver to receive circuit state. Multivibrator oscillation frequency by the formula f = 1.443 / (R1 + R2 +2 R3) C1 calculation.3.2 KA2184 chip3.2.1 Introduction of the pin
20、2 KA2184KA2184 pin described below:1 foot: ultrasonic signal input, the input impedance of pin is about 40k.2 feet: The feet and the ground connection between the RC series network, which is a negative feedback network is an integral part of the series, changing their values can change the pre-ampli
21、fier gain and frequency characteristics. Increase or decrease the resistance R1 C1, the amount of negative feedback will increase the magnification down, otherwise the magnification increases. However, the change will affect the C1 frequency characteristics, generally do not have to change in actual
22、 use, we recommend selection of parameters R1 = 4.7, C1 = 1F.3 feet: The connection between the detector and ground pin capacitance, capacitance large for the average detector, and instantly the corresponding low sensitivity; if capacity is small, compared to the peak detector, the corresponding mom
23、ent of high sensitivity, but the detector output pulse width changes, easy cause malfunction, recommended parameters 3.3f.4 feet: ground.5 foot: The foot access to a resistor between the power to set the center frequency of bandpass filter f0, the greater the resistance, the lower center frequency.
24、For example, when taking R = 200k, f0 42kHz, if we take R = 220k, then the center frequency f0 38kHz.6 foot: the foot and an integral capacitor indirect manner, the standard value of 330pF, obtained if the capacitor is too large, make shorter detection range.Pin 7: Remote command output, which is op
25、en collector output, so the pin must be connected to a pull-up resistor to the power supply side, it is recommended resistor value is 22k, did not accept the end of the output signal is high, there signal is generated when the decline.8-pin: positive power supply, 4.5 5V.Receiving part of the ultras
26、onic sensor3.3 based on 555 single-shotThis is an integrated circuit consisting of 555 single-shot pulse start, usually the circuit in a steady state, 2 pin for high power, 3 pin output low. When a negative pulse or low 2 feet added to it, the circuit is immediately turned over to 3 pin goes high, t
27、he high power pull the relay K, the lamp power supply circuit connected , EL light lampWhen the 3-pin output high, the circuit into temporary state, while RII by the power supply through resistor capacitor C8 to charge. The charging capacitor C8 of the temporary state is temporary stabilization time
28、, when the charging voltage to supply voltage C8 vDD 2 / 3 (6 pin flip-voltage), the circuit is turned over to the monostable circuit the process of transient stability end, 3 feet low. After the release of relay K loss of electricity, disconnect the power light, EL lamp off. From: Satellite Communications IV