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1、Modelling, simulation, and visualisation together create the third branch of human knowledge on equal footing with theory and experiment. Model-Driven Development (MDD) has been proposed as a means to support the software development process through the use of a model-centric approach. The objective
2、 of this paper is to address the design of an architecture for scientific application that may execute as multithreaded computations, as well as implementations of the related shared data structures. New version program summaryProgram title: Growth09 Catalogue identifier: ADVL_v3_0 Program summary U
3、RL: http:/cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVL_v3_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queens University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http:/cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 30940 No. o
4、f bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3119488 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Embarcadero Delphi Computer: Intel Core Duo-based PC Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7 RAM: more than 1 GB Classification: 4.3, 7.2, 6.2, 8, 14 Catalogue identifier of previous v
5、ersion: ADVL_v2_1 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 180 (2009) 1219 Subprograms used: Does the new version supersede the previous version?: No Nature of problem: Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is a technique for epitaxial growth via the interaction of one or several molecular
6、or atomic beams that occurs on a surface of a heated crystalline substrate. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is an important in situ analysis technique, which is capable of giving quantitative information about the growth process of thin films and its control. The analysis of RHEE
7、D intensity oscillations has two purposes. One is to control the film growth, and the other is to understand the mechanism of the film growth using the MBE through the analysis of surface morphology as a function of time. Such control allows the development of structures where the electrons can be c
8、onfined in space, giving quantum wells or even quantum dots. Such layers are now a critical part of 3 many modern semiconductor devices, semiconductor lasers, light-emitting diodes and new devices for the magnetic storage industry. Solution method: The present paper reports a practical and pragmatic
9、 approach for MDD technology 1 that has been used during design of the Growth09 program. Growth09 is a numerical model that uses multithreaded and partially nested transactions for simulation of epitaxial growth of thin films. Reasons for new version: Responding to user feedback the program has been
10、 upgraded to a standard that allows a slave process, carrying out computations of the RHEED intensities for a disordered surface, to be run. Also, functionality and documentation of the program have been improved. Summary of revisions: 1. The MDD technology has been used to design a computer model t
11、hat allows the user to carry out numerical calculations layers coverage during the growth of thin epitaxial films, surface roughness, and the RHEED intensities for a disordered surface. This computer model can be applied to interpret the experimental data in real time 2. 2. The logical structure of
12、the Platform-Specific Model of the Growth06_v2 program has been modified according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1*. The class diagram in Fig. 1* is a static view of the main platform-specific elements of the Growth09 application architecture. Fig. 2* provides a dynamic view by showing the creation an
13、d destruction simplistic sequence diagram. Fig. 3* presents the Growth09 use case model. 3. As can be seen in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3* the Growth09 has been designed as a master program for the slave RHEED1DProcess (see A. Daniluk, Model-Driven Development for scientific computing. Computations of
14、 RHEED intensities for a disordered surface. Part I). 4. The slave RHEED1DProcess can be run as separate thread of the Growth09. Fig. 4* depicts the Platform-Specific Model for the development elements of the new distribution. *The figures mentioned can be downloaded, see “Supplementary material” be
15、low. Unusual features: The program is distributed in the form of main project Growth09.dproj, with associated files, and should be compiled using Embarcadero RAD Studio 2010 along with Together visual modelling platform. The program should be compiled with English/USA regional and language options.
16、Additional comments: This version of the GROWTH program is designed to run in conjunction with the RHEED1DProcess (ADUY_v4_0) program. It does not replace the previous, stand alone, GROWTH06-v2 (ADVL_v2_1) version. Running time: The typical running time is machine and user-parameters dependent. Refe
17、rences: 1 OMG, Model Driven Architecture Guide Version 1.0.1, 2003. 2 P. Mazurek, A. Daniluk, K. Paprocki, Vacuum 72 (4) (2004) 363.Article OutlineSupplementary materialSupplementary materialPurchase$ 31.5020Multithreaded transactions in scientific computing: New versions of a computer program for k
18、inematical calculations of RHEED intensity oscillationsOriginal Research ArticleComputer Physics Communications, Volume 175, Issue 10, 15 November 2006, Pages 678-681Marcin Brzuszek, Andrzej DanilukClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | ReferencesReference
19、s AbstractWriting a concurrent program can be more difficult than writing a sequential program. Programmer needs to think about synchronisation, race conditions and shared variables. Transactions help reduce the inconvenience of using threads. A transaction is an abstraction, which allows programmer
20、s to group a sequence of actions on the program into a logical, higher-level computation unit. This paper presents multithreaded versions of the GROWTH program, which allow to calculate the layer coverages during the growth of thin epitaxial films and the corresponding RHEED intensities according to
21、 the kinematical approximation. The presented programs also contain graphical user interfaces, which enable displaying program data at run-time. New version program summaryTitles of programs:GROWTHGr, GROWTH06 Catalogue identifier:ADVL_v2_0 Program summary URL: http:/cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVL_
22、v2_0 Program obtainable from:CPC Program Library, Queens University of Belfast, N. Ireland Catalogue identifier of previous version:ADVL Does the new version supersede the original program:No Computer for which the new version is designed and others on which it has been tested: Pentium-based PC Oper
23、ating systems or monitors under which the new version has been tested: Windows 9x, XP, NT Programming language used:Object Pascal Memory required to execute with typical data:More than 1 MB Number of bits in a word:64 bits Number of processors used:1 No. of lines in distributed program, including te
24、st data, etc.:20931 Number of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1311268 Distribution format:tar.gz Nature of physical problem: The programs compute the RHEED intensities during the growth of thin epitaxial structures prepared using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The computa
25、tions are based on the use of kinematical diffraction theory P.I. Cohen, G.S. Petrich, P.R. Pukite, G.J. Whaley, A.S. Arrott, Surf. Sci. 216 (1989) 222. 1. Method of solution: Epitaxial growth ofFig. 1.Internal structure of the program.thin films is modelledFig. 2.Static classes model for graphical
26、user interface.by a set ofFig. 3.Activity diagram for the program.non-linear differential equations P.I. Cohen, G.S. Petrich, P.R. Pukite, G.J. Whaley, A.S. Arrott, Surf. Sci. 216 (1989) 222. 1.Fig. 4.TTransaction class contents.The RungeKutta method with adaptive stepsize control was used for solvi
27、ng initial valueFig. 5.TGrowthTransaction class contents.problem for non-linear differential equations W.H. Press, B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, Numerical Recipes in Pascal: The Art of Scientific Computing, first ed., Cambridge University Press, 1989; See also: Numerical Recipes in
28、 C+, second ed., Cambridge University Press, 1992. 2. Reasons for the new version: According to the users suggestions we improved functionality of the program. Moreover, we added new capabilities which make the input data design process and output even easier and more efficient than the previous one
29、. Summary of revisions: (1) We designed fully object-oriented extensions of previous version of the program A. Daniluk, Comput. Phys. Comm. 170 (2005) 265. 3. In the present form the programs enable concurrently compute and display program data at run-time through an easy-to-use graphical interface.
30、 (2) The code has been modified and optimised to compile under the Delphi IDE (integrated development environment). (3) A graphical user interface (GUI) for the programs have been created. The applications are MDI (multiple document interface) projects from Delphis object repository. Each of the MDI
31、 application spawns child windows that reside within the client window; the main form contains child objects. (4) The programs offer the possibility to carry out computations on the basis of the model of multithreaded transactions. Transactions have four elements, known as the ACID properties: atomi
32、city, consistency, isolation and durability S. Jagannathan, J. Vitek, A. Welc, A. Hosking, Science of Computer Programming 57 (2005) 164. 4, M. Brzuszek, MSc thesis, MCS University, Lublin, 2005 (in Polish). 5. Atomicity means that either the entire transaction completes, or it is as if the transact
33、ion never executed. Consistency means that the transaction maintains the data integrity constrains of the program. Isolation means that even if transaction executed concurrently, their results appear as if they were executed in some serial order. Durability means that all changes made by a committed
34、 transaction are permanent, i.e. the effects of transaction survive subsequent system failures. The presented programs support all of properties mentioned above. Fig. 1 shows internal structure of the programs. Fig. 2 shows the static structure of classes and their possible relationships (i.e. inher
35、itance, association and aggregation) in the code. Fig. 3 shows an activity diagram for the programs. (5) The programs have been constructed according to the systems development live cycle (SDLC) methodology J.A. Hoffer, J.F. George, J.S. Valacich, Modern Systems Analysis and Design, Addison-Wesley,
36、1999. 6. (6) The GROWTH06 program has been modelled using the Borland Together Architect visual-modelling platform. Figs. 4 and 5 show the static structure of the TTransaction and TGrowthTransaction classes. Typical running time: The typical running time is machine and user-parameters dependent. Unu
37、sual features of the programs: The programs are distributed in the form of source projects GROWTHGr.dpr and GROWTH06.bdsproj with associated files, and should be compiled using Borland Delphi compilers versions 5 or latter and Delphi Borland Developer Studio 2006, respectively.Purchase$ 31.5021ROOT
38、A C+ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualizationOriginal Research ArticleComputer Physics Communications, Volume 180, Issue 12, December 2009, Pages 2499-2512I. Antcheva, M. Ballintijn, B. Bellenot, M. Biskup, R. Brun, N. Buncic, Ph. Canal, D. Casadei, O. Couet, V. Fi
39、ne, L. Franco, G. Ganis, A. Gheata, D. Gonzalez Maline, M. Goto, J. Iwaszkiewicz, A. Kreshuk, D. Marcos Segura, R. Maunder, L. Moneta, et al.Close preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractROOT is an objec
40、t-oriented C+ framework conceived in the high-energy physics (HEP) community, designed for storing and analyzing petabytes of data in an efficient way. Any instance of a C+ class can be stored into a ROOT file in a machine-independent compressed binary format. In ROOT the TTree object container is o
41、ptimized for statistical data analysis over very large data sets by using vertical data storage techniques. These containers can span a large number of files on local disks, the web, or a number of different shared file systems. In order to analyze this data, the user can chose out of a wide set of
42、mathematical and statistical functions, including linear algebra classes, numerical algorithms such as integration and minimization, and various methods for performing regression analysis (fitting). In particular, the RooFit package allows the user to perform complex data modeling and fitting while
43、the RooStats library provides abstractions and implementations for advanced statistical tools. Multivariate classification methods based on machine learning techniques are available via the TMVA package. A central piece in these analysis tools are the histogram classes which provide binning of one-
44、and multi-dimensional data. Results can be saved in high-quality graphical formats like Postscript and PDF or in bitmap formats like JPG or GIF. The result can also be stored into ROOT macros that allow a full recreation and rework of the graphics. Users typically create their analysis macros step b
45、y step, making use of the interactive C+ interpreter CINT, while running over small data samples. Once the development is finished, they can run these macros at full compiled speed over large data sets, using on-the-fly compilation, or by creating a stand-alone batch program. Finally, if processing
46、farms are available, the user can reduce the execution time of intrinsically parallel tasks e.g. data mining in HEP by using PROOF, which will take care of optimally distributing the work over the available resources in a transparent way. Program summaryProgram title: ROOT Catalogue identifier: AEFA
47、_v1_0 Program summary URL: http:/cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFA_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queens University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: LGPL No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3044581 No. of bytes in distributed program, incl
48、uding test data, etc.: 36325133 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C+ Computer: Intel i386, Intel x86-64, Motorola PPC, Sun Sparc, HP PA-RISC Operating system: GNU/Linux, Windows XP/Vista, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Yes RAM: 55Mbytes Classification: 4, 9, 11.9, 14 Nature of problem: Storage, analysis and visualization of scientific data Solution method: Object store, wide range of analysis algorithms and visualization methods Additional comments: F