初中英语近义词辨析中考复习.doc

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1、初中英语近义词辨析中考复习1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. family, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.3. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.4. p

2、hoto, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画.5. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.6. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.7. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗

3、，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.8. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.9. class, lesson作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. Lesson 6; class 5.10. officer, officialofficer部队的军官，off

4、icial政府官员 an army officer11. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job12. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers13. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.14. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，

5、policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.15. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用.16. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.17. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅

6、途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip18. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.19. price, prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize, The price is high/low.20. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of s

7、tudents is increasing.21. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.22. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.23. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠

8、词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.24. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.25. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.26. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, on

9、e girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?27. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is28. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.29. in charg

10、e of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.30. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.31. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.32. it

11、, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.33. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. Thats why34. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many/How much? - None.35. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you36. who, wha

12、twho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.37. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?38. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student39. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I havent m

13、any books.40. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful41. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water42. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to

14、 oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.43. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.44. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.45. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly46. healthy, healthfulheal

15、thy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise47. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.48. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man49. real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相

16、符合 real gold, a true story50. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.51. ill, sickill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy52. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.53. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，sil

17、ent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。54. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.55. almost, nearly二者均为几乎,差不多 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody56. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I havent seen him lately.57. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, li

18、ve均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive58. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting.59. aloud, loudaloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读)60. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done It

19、 is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited.61. bad, badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为很，非常 go bad I need the book badly.62. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long63. quite, ratherquite完全地，相当于completely, ra

20、ther修饰比较级 quite impossible64. happy, gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl65. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.66. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy67. ra

21、ise, riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east.68. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk69. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱70. join, join in, take part injoin加入某个组织

22、，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型活动, join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.71. learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究 study the problem72. want, hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth.

23、+ n. I wish you success.73. discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明 At last he found out the truth.74. answer, replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter75. leave, leave forleave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.76. rob, stealrob抢劫 rob sb.

24、 of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb.77. shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.78. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.79. search, search forsearch后接地点，search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.80. used to, be used toused to过去

25、常常，be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.81. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them82. live on, live bylive on以为主食，live by靠谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing83. beat, hit, strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings84. l

26、ose, misslose失去（具体的物体），错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，错过sth. is missing, miss the chance85. care about, care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.86. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而have a cold可以Sh

27、e has had a cold for a week.87. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.88. feed, raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)， raise饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family89. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doc

28、tor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病90. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars91. look, seem, appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise,look like his father92. gather, collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps93. die from,

29、die ofdie from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold94. divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple, separate the houses95. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach

30、 Beijing96. grow, plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing97. manage, trymanage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.98. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国家或组织的建成 put up a tent,

31、 set up a school99. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.100. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在上达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan101. throw to, throw atthr

32、ow to扔到, throw at朝扔 He throw a stone at me.102. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.103. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.104. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果 I

33、 listened, but I heard nothing.105. look, see, watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV106. lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book107. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war.108. turn, get, growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变

34、的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big109. close, shut, turn offclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.110. begin, startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.111. happen, take placehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，take place

35、必然性的发生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.112. at, in (表地点)at小地点，in大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai113. day after day, day by dayday after day日复一日（无变化）；day by day一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day.114. like, aslike相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体Dont treat me as a child. (In f

36、act, Im a child.)115. after, in (表时间) after接时间点，in接时间段 after 7:00, in five minutes116. between, amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.117. after, behind (表位置)after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.118.

37、since, for (完成时间状语)since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00119. on the corner, in the corner, at the corneron the corner物体表面的角上，in the corner物体内部的角落里，at the corner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）on the corner of the table120. on earth, on the earth, in the earthon earth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上

38、，in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth121. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprisein surprise惊奇地，to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是，by surprise使惊慌 The question took the professor by surprise.122. in the market, on the marketin the market表示场所或地点，在市场上，on the market出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetabl

39、es are on the market now.123. through, acrossthrough穿越空间，across在上穿过 through the forest, across the desert124. on the way, in the wayon the way在前往的路上，in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.125. above, on, overabove在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方 fly over the hill126. until, notuntiluntil到为止， notuntil直到才（常跟点动

40、词连用）I waited until 3:00. He didnt come until 3:00.127. besides, except, except forbesides除了还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），except for整体除了某一点以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.128. whether, if当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用if I dont know if/whether he will come. If he comes,

41、 Ill let you know.129. and, orand并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I dont like apples or bananas.Hurry up and youll catch the bus. Hurry up or youll miss the bus.130. because, since, as, for原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下：1)because 2) Since/as, 3) , for Since I was ill, I didnt go.131. when, as, while (表时

42、间)when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，while从句动词为持续性动词 While I slept, a thief broke in.132. the sameas, the samethatthe sameas和一样的（相似但不同一）， the samethat 同一物体 This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支笔)133. as well, as well asas well也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既又；as well as并列连词，不但而且He is a professor, and

43、 a writer as well.134. suchas, suchthatsuchas像样的，suchthat如此以至于 He is not such a fool as he looks like.He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.135. because, because ofbecause连词，连接两句话，because of介词短语，后接词或短语He didnt go to school because of his illness.136. in order that, in order to表目的，

44、in order that后接句子，in order to后接动词原形 I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.137. for example, such asfor example一般只列举一个，such as列举多个例子I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.138. used to, would表过去常常，和现在相

45、对应用used to，不提现在用would I used to get up early, but now I dont.139. All right. Thats all right. Thats right.All right. Thats all right. 当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用Thats all right. Thats right. 那是对的 -Sorry. - Thats all right.140. suchthat, sothat当如此以至于解时，suchthat修饰名词，sothat修饰形容词或副词，但名词前面如果有many, much, lit

46、tle, few修饰用sothat，不用such thatso many people that such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy141. so + be (have, can, do)+主语， neither(nor) + be (have, can, do)+ 主语也一样，肯定用so否定用neither (nor) -I cant play tennis. -Nor can I.142. Shall I? Will you?Shall I? 征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能吗？Will you?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意吗？Will you help me? Yes, I will.