仁爱英语八年级上册第二单元unit2 topic 2 课文知识点讲解.doc

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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流仁爱英语八年级上册第二单元unit2 topic 2 课文知识点讲解【精品文档】第 11 页仁爱英语八年级上册第二单元unit2 topic 2 课文知识点讲解SectionA重点句型及知识点讲解1. I watched a soccer game last night and went to bed very late. 昨天晚上我在电视上看了场足球赛,很晚才上床睡觉。 watch 主要用于观看电视节目、球赛、游戏和话剧等。如:We watched a play in the theater yesterday. 昨天我们在剧院看了一场话剧。【辨析】(

2、1)read 主要用于读书、看报等。如:My mother likes reading newpapers. 我妈妈喜欢看报纸。(2) see 和watch 有相似之处,用于观看比赛、电视节目、演出、电影等。但see主要强调看的结果。_我经常看见你在暑假期间打篮球。(3) look意为“看、瞧”是不及物动词,强调动作。如: Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。2. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜很晚对你的健康不利。 (1) stay up 熬夜, 如:we stayed up until midnight

3、 to see the New Year coming. (2)在这里staying up 是动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。有时候动名词也可作主语。如:Dancing is fun. 跳舞是一种乐趣。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。 (3) be good /bad for 对有益/害。如:Walking is good for our health.散步对我们的健康有益。3. I must have a good rest. 我必须好好休息。must的用法:(1).must表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。如:You must stay here unt

4、il I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗?(2)其否定形式mustnt表示“一定不要” “千万别” “禁止,不许”.如:You mustnt play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustnt be late.你一定不要迟到。(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt 或dont have to .如:Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?No, you neednt.不,你不必。 (4)must表示有把握

5、的推测,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。(5) must 可以用来表示肯定的推测其否定形式为cant. 如:The light isnt on, so he cant be at home now.灯没有亮,他肯定不在家。4. Put litter into the dustbin. 把垃圾放入垃圾箱。 (1)litter指公共场所丢弃的小片/块垃圾,如纸片、塑料袋、易拉罐、饮料瓶等。 (2)put into 把.放入.5.Doing morning exercises every day. 每天早

6、上做早操。 exercise 是“体操,操练”,是可数名词,故加s。如:Doing eye exercises is good for our eyes. Exercise指活动,作“锻炼、运动”讲时是不可数名词。如: Swimming is good health. 游泳时有益的活动。 6. Keeping fingernails long. 留长指甲。keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一,学过的用法归纳如下:用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。如: Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静! After the accident, he s

7、till kept alive. 这次事故之后,他仍然活着。 用作实义动词,可表示: 1. 保管;保存;保留。如: Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间,请你替我保管这些东西。 2. 赡养;饲养。如: Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗? I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。 3. 经营。如: Her fathe

8、r kept a grocers shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。 4. 坚持;继续。后面如接动词,要用 V-ing 形式作宾语。如: If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, youll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语,你很快就会取得很大的进步。 5. 阻止;阻碍。常用于 keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中,其中介词 from 不能省略。如: The heavy rain didnt keep them from watc

9、hing the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。 6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 keep + sb/sth + 介词。如: If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你觉得手冷,就把它们放在口袋里。 keep + sb/sth + 形容词。如: These gloves will keep your hands warm. 这种手套保暖好。 It will keep you active during the day. 它会使你一天保持活力。(后面课

10、本会出现) keep +sb/sth + 副词。如: The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们呆在家里。 keep + sb/sth + V-ing 形式,表示“让某人 / 某物一直”,强调动作的持续性。如: Im sorry Ive kept you waiting. 很抱歉,让你久等了。 keep + sb/sth + V-ed 形式,表示“让某人 / 某物一直被”,宾语是 V-ed 形式,表示的动作的承受者。如: She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她紧闭双眼,呆在原地未动。7. 构

11、成的其它动词短语有: keep a record (保持记录), keep apart (把分开), keep back ones tears (忍住眼泪), keep in touch (with) (保持与的联系), keep out (of) (把关在外面), keep up (保持;使不能入睡), keep ones / an eye on (照管,密切注视), keep away (from) (离开;不接近;戒除), keep in mind (牢记), keep ones word (遵守诺言), keep pace/step with (跟上的步伐), keep up with

12、 (与同步;跟上)等。 7. Dont throw litter around. 不要到处扔垃圾。 throw around 到处扔,如:throw litter around= throw around litter (litter是名词,即可以放后也可以放中间,但代词只能放中间,如:throw it around ) 8.Washing hands before meals. 饭前洗手。 (1)meal 餐、一顿饭。如: Lunch is his main meal of the day. 午餐是他的正餐。(2) before meals 饭前。Before 意为“在.之前”,为介词,其后

13、接名词、代词、或名词短语,也可接时间。9. going to school without breakfast 不吃早饭去上学。without “没有/缺乏”反义词是with后面跟名词、代词、动名词,一起构成介词短语,常用语句末作状语。如:I went shopping without taking my son. 我去购物没带我女儿。e.g.Ilikecoffee_.我喜欢不加糖(sugar)的咖啡。Chinaisacountry _alonghistory.中国是个有悠久历史的国家。【链接】without 反义词为with , 意为“有”。如:The girl with long hair

14、 is my sister. 留长发的那个女孩是我的姐姐。Section B1. Youd better not read in the sun. 你最好不要再阳光下读书。 in the sun 在阳光下(此处不能用under the sun )youd better do sth 最好做某事 youd better not do sth最好不要做某事2. Yes, he thinks smoking can help him relax. 是的,他认为吸烟帮助他放松。情态动词can表示能力,意为“能、会”的意思。可与be able to互换。两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”

15、和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:Jim cant speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach

16、 the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。【链接】(1)can和may均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,在口语中can代替may。如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗?(2) can在疑问句中和否定句中,表示“可能性”,如: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?3. Look, the article says smoking is bad for our lungs and it can even cause cancer. 看,文章上说抽烟对我们的肺有害,它甚至能导致癌症。(1) say 在此处指书面材料,

17、文字记载上的“说”,表示文字材料或可见的东西提供信息、指示等均可用say 。 如:the guidebook say we should turn left. 旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。(2)cause 这个词有两种词性,在此处是动词。v.导致,引起1)接名词:cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻烦/导致死亡/引起大火/导致重病/造成损害2)接双宾语:cause sb.pain/trouble/damage给某人带来痛苦/麻烦/损害3)接复合宾语:cuase sb. to do sth使某人

18、做某事The sound caused me to jump back. 那声音吓得我向后退。作名词时,意为“原因”时是可数名词,意为“理由,缘由”时为不可数名词。如:You have no cause to cry. 你没理由哭。4. I must ask him to give up smoking. 我必须让他放弃吸烟。give up (doing) sth. 意为放弃(做某)事。如:Jim is not good at Chinese and he wants to give it up. 吉姆语文学不好,他想放弃了。5. May I borrow your newspaper and

19、 show it to my father? 我能借借你的报纸给我父亲看吗?(1) .表示请求、许可,比can正式,如:May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。(2) .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.(3)can和may均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,在口语中can代替may,而may 更正式一些。(4)borrow和lend的区别. 首先,看看这个词: bo

20、rrow, 向他人借东西,一般这样来用: borrow something from somebody: May I borrow your magazine for a while? 我能借你的杂志一会儿吗?. lend: vt. & vi.把借给(借出去) Can you lend me 10 dollars? 能借给我块钱吗?6. Drink enough water every day. 每天喝足够的水。(1)enough用作形容词,通常修饰复数名词或不可数名词,可放在被修饰名词之前或之后(但以前置为多见)。如: He has enough money to buy a car. 他有

21、足够的钱买辆汽车。 We have time enough to get to the airport. 我们来得及赶到机场。(2)enough用作副词,可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等,此时总是放在被修饰语之后。如: He didnt practise enough. 他练习得不够。(3) enough to do sth 意为“足够.可以做某事”如: The light is not good enough to take photos. 光线不够好不能照相。SectionC1. Mothers always tell their children what they should eat.

22、 妈妈们总是告诉他们的孩子他们应该吃什 么。(1) tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事(2) what they should eat 为宾语从句 what 在宾语从句中做宾语2. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar. 当心,不要吃太多的盐或糖。 or连词,意为“或,或者,还是”,用于表示连接选择、替换的词、短语或从句。如: Are you coming or not? 你来还是不来? Is it a boy or a girl? 是个男孩还是女孩?【扩展】(1) 意为“也不”,用于否

23、定句,提出两种或多种事物的连接词。如: He cant read or write. 他不会写,也不会读。and意为“和,又,还”,表示并列关系,用于肯定句。如:We have black hair and black eyes.我们有黑头发还有黑眼睛。(2) 意为“否则,不然”用于警告或忠告。如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 赶快,不然你上学就要迟到了。3. She said it might cause illness. 她说它可能引起疾病。Illness 名词,意为“疾病”。ill+ness组成illness. 例如:kindnes

24、s, happiness.【辨析】disease 名词,意为“病,疾病”。常指比较严重,通常持续时间久的疾病,常影响特定的身体部位。illness 常指身体或精神上得疾病。He missed a lot of lessons because of his illness. 他因生病耽误了很多的功课。Headache is not a disease itself, bu it may show that something is wrong with your health. 头痛本身不是病,但它可能会显示出你的健康有问题了。【链接】May 和might的用法 1. 表示允许注意以下两种情况。

25、如:(1)表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事),两者都可用,只是might表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去)。如:May (might) I sit here? I wonder if I might ask you a favor?Id like to ask a question if I may.(2)表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事),通常用may而不用might。如You may come in now.You may not tell him this. 2. 表示推测 两者都可用,只是might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。 3. May表示祝愿May you b

26、e happy! 祝你幸福May god bless you! 愿上帝保佑你4. Her mother always forced her to drink it. 他的妈妈总是强迫他喝牛奶。 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 Eg: 这老板常常强迫工人工作12小时。 This boss often forces the workers to work for 12 hours.5. She had to drink a glass of milk because her mother was always watching her. 她不得不喝杯牛奶,因为她的妈妈总是

27、看着她。本句是一个主从复合句,从句是由从属连词because引导的表示“原因”的状语从句,它既可以至于主句之后,也可以至于其前。because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。【扩展】because +从句 because of+名词短语、代词、动名词 如: They didnt go hiking because of the rain. 因为下雨,他们没去远足。 Because the rain was heavy, they didnt go hiking. 因为下大雨,他们没去远足。6. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad.

28、 Michael 一看见白菜在他的盘子里,他就很生气。 (1)as soon as 一 就 (引导时间状语从句) Eg: 我一到北京就打电话给你。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.【扩展】as soon as它的意思相当于“A事情发生以后,就做B这件事”。这个短语用的比较常用,口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是,在句子中的位置比较灵活,而且可以用于各种时态。如果主句为一般将来时,从句多用一般现在时。例如:Ill write you as soon as I get there.我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时)As soon as I we

29、nt in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.我一进门,Katherine 就高兴的叫起来。(一般过去时)(2)mad adj 疯狂的,发疯;get mad 变得生气7. His mother made him taste it. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Eg: 妈妈总是让我学习英语。 My mother always makes me study English.8. He was surprised to find that it was delicious. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很惊讶 Eg:

30、 她很惊讶地发现她的新自行车不见了。 She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost.【扩展】(1) surprise 动词,意为“使惊讶,使诧异”。如:The news surprised me. 这个消息使我感到惊讶。(2) surprise 名词,意为“惊奇”“惊讶”. to ones surprise “使某人惊讶的是.”如: To my surprise, he is still alive. 使我惊讶的是,他还活着。 What a nice surprise! 真是让人惊喜!9.By chance Michael found

31、 that cabbage was good. 一次偶然的机会,Michael 发现洋白菜很好吃。 by chance 偶然的 a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 miss a good chance 错过一次好机会Section D1. We should often open the window to keep the air fresh. 我们应该经常开窗保持空气清新。 keep 后接形容词。意为“保持(某种状态)”,keep作系动词,也可以用be替换。如: keep quite!=be quite! 请保持安静!【扩展】keep sb./sth. 后接形容词/动名词

32、表示“让某人/ 某物处于某种状态”。 如:Keep the windows open, please. 请把窗户打开。Dont keep him waiting. 不要让他一直等着。2. Smokers shouldnt use smoking to help them relax. 吸烟者不应该用吸烟来放松自己。 use sth to do sth. 意为“用.去做.”如: We often use the dictionary to look up the new words. 我们经常使用词典去查阅新单词。3.In fact, smoking is really unhealthy事实上

33、,抽烟真的是不健康的。 In fact 事实上 In fact, I like playing computer games. 事实上,我喜欢玩电脑游戏。 In fact, I want to eat an ice cream. 事实上,我想吃一个冰激凌。4.They must give up smoking as soon as possible. 他们必须尽可能快的戒烟。give up sth/ doing sth 放弃做某事as soon as possible 尽可能快的 as much as possible 尽可能多的 as small as possible 尽可能小的As+形容词+as possible 可以与as.as one can 互换使用。如:Please write down your answer as fast as possible. =Please write down your answer as fast as you can. 请尽可能快的写下你的答案。

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