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1、ManagementChapter4商务英语入门第四章_外教社修订版 Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. -author -author -date-date精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删
2、除ManagementChapter4ChapterChapter 4管理Management精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterLecture Outlinel What Is Management? 什么是管理？l Organizational Structure 组织结构l Management Levels 管理层次l Managerial Roles 经理人角色l Management Skills 管理技能l Lead-in activities 导入活动精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请
3、联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterLead-in activitieslAn effective executive is indispensable to the growth of corporation. lCan you name some famous entrepreneurs?lIdentify effective managerial qualities.精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterLead-in activitieslDo you have what it ta
4、kes to be a good entrepreneur? lIs it something that you could learn or rather something that is innate (天生的)?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterLead-in activitieslQualities of a Good EntrepreneursAdditional Info精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除?Perseverance Whatever business yo
5、u might be setting up, there are times where you will face problems. It is moment like this that you will need to hold on and persevere. You will have to believe in yourself and your products and services in order to succeed. ?Interpersonal Skills Business is all about dealing with people and you wi
6、ll need to be good at communicating if you ManagementChapter4ChapterWhat is management?lManagement can be defined as the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.lThe theme manag
7、ement is that a central person must by using such skills as decision making, communication and objective setting coordinate the work activities of others to achieve organizational objectives. 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterWhat is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除
8、ManagementChapter4Chapterl Planning Planning means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them. Planning is a task that each manager must do every day. It is a continuous process. Planning is basically mental. It requires
9、thinking things through logically.What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Planning Planning decides what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for action (What to do?)What is man
10、agement?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl PlanningPlanning answers several fundamental questions for managers: What is the situation now? What is the state of the economy and other environments? What opportunities exist for meeting peoples needs? What products and customers
11、are most profitable? Why do people buy (or not buy) our products? Who are our major competitors? What threats are they to our business? What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Planning The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-
12、 making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl PlanningPlanning answers several fundamental questions for managers: Where do we want to
13、go? How much growth do we want? What is our profit goal? What are our social objectives? What are our personal development objectives?What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl PlanningPlanning answers several fundamental questions for managers: How can we get ther
14、e from here? This is the most important part of planning. It takes four forms: What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Planning Strategic (long-range) planning (战略规划/长期规划) It determines the major goals of the organization as well as the policies, procedures, and
15、 strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals. Tactical (short-range) planning (战术规划/短期规划) It is the process of developing detailed, short-term strategies about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done. What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除Ma
16、nagementChapter4Chapterl Planning Operational planning (运营规划) It is the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the tactical objectives. Contingency planning (应急计划) It is the process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans dont
17、achieve the organizations objectives. What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Organizing Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments. Organizing (Implementation) makes optimu
18、m use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans. Thinking: How to organize your home?What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Directing Directing is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals. Directi
19、ng involves motivating entire departments and divisions as well as those individuals working immediately with the manager. What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl DirectingTwo directing styles: Autocratic leadership (专制型领导) It means providing subordinates with d
20、etailed job instructions. Democratic leadership (民主型领导) The manager consults with subordinates about job activities, problems, and corrective actions. What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl DirectingWhat is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementC
21、hapter4Chapterl DirectingWhat is management?Differences between the two directing styles: Autocratic leadership (专制型领导) Quick Decisions It works best in situations where rapid decisions are often essential, such as in the military or law enforcement. Poor Decisions Salient points or even different a
22、pproaches to a problem will be overlooked. Additional Info精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl DirectingWhat is management?Differences between the two directing styles: Democratic leadership (民主型领导) Comfortable Work Environment A worker who is consulted about his or her opinion
23、s by the employers before decisions are made will feel more a part of the company. Dependency Employees have little opportunity to develop leadership abilities themselves. Additional Info精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Questions for discussion What kind of leader do you pr
24、efer?What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Controlling Controlling involves verifying (核实) that actual performance matches the plan. The core idea of controlling is to modify behavior and performance when deviations (背离) from plans are discovered. What is mana
25、gement?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Controlling Planning, organizing, directing are the initial steps for getting the job done. Controlling is concerned with making certain that plans are correctly implemented. What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除Manageme
26、ntChapter4Chapterl Controlling What is management?Five basic steps of the process of control: Set clear standards for time, quality, quantity, and so on. Monitor and record actual performance (results). Compare results against plans and standards. Communicate results and deviations to the employees
27、involved. Take corrective action when needed. 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Controlling The control systems weakest link tends to be the setting of standards. To measure results against standards, the standards must be specific, attainable and measurable. What is managem
28、ent?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Questions for Discussion What did Dwight Eisenhower mean when he stated, “Plans are nothing, planning is everything”? What is the difference between strategic, tactical, and contingency planning? What is it your strategic plan and tactic
29、al plan? Give a brief presentation on how you use the four functions to manage your college (or daily) life.What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Questions for Discussion Explain the differences between autocratic and democratic leadership styles. What style d
30、o you prefer? What similarities do you see among the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling? Do you think these functions are related that is, is a manager who performs well in one function likely to perform well in the others?What is management?精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习
31、交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Organizational structure is the formal decision- making framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.l Organizational structure allows the expressed allocation of responsibilities for different functions and processes to different entit
32、ies. l Ordinary description of such entities is as branch, site, department, work groups and single people. Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Formalization is an important aspect of structure.l It is the extent to which the units of the organization
33、are explicitly defined and its policies, procedures, and goals are clearly stated.l It is the official organizational structure conceived and built by top management. Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Departmentalization It is the basis on which work
34、 or individuals are grouped into manageable units. There are five traditional methods for grouping work activities. Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterOrganizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Departmentalizatio
35、n by function Departmentalization by function organizes by the functions to be performed. The advantage is obtaining efficiencies from consolidating similar specialties and people with common skills, knowledge and orientations together in common units.Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵
36、权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Departmentalization by product Departmentalization by product assembles all functions needed to make and market a particular product and placed under one executive. Major department stores are structured as home accessories, appliances, womens clothing, mens cloth
37、ing, and childrens clothing. Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Departmentalization by geographical regions Departmentalization by geographical regions groups jobs on the basis of territory or geography. Departmentalized by regions such as Northeast,
38、Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and Northwest. Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterOrganizational Structure l Departmentalization by process Departmentalization by process groups jobs on the basis of product or customer flow. Each process requires particu
39、lar skills and offers a basis for homogeneous categorization of work activities.精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Departmentalization by customer Departmentalization by customer groups jobs on the basis of a common set of needs or problems of specific customers. A current de
40、partmentalization trend is to structure work according to customers, using cross-functional teams. Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Questions for Discussion What is organizational structure? How can an organization structure itself efficiently? Ther
41、e are a variety of methods of departmentalization in structuring a company. Draw an appropriate structure for each of the following companies, and discuss with your partner if there are alternatives. A publisher A computer company A leather manufacture A pharmaceutical companyOrganizational Structur
42、e 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Questions for Discussion What are the advantages of functional departmentalization? Take, a hospital, for example. How is it organized? Draw its organizational structure. Different organizations use different types of structure. Give an ex
43、ample of an organization of this type of structure.Organizational Structure 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterManagement Levels lAs enterprises grow from an owner to a group to a corporation, a number of managerial levels of management top level, middle level and first level a
44、re usually portrayed as a managerial hierarchy (管理层).lThe extent to which managers perform the functions of management planning, organizing, directing, and controlling varies by level in the management hierarchy. 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4ChapterManagement Levels 精品ppt文档收集于网络
45、，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Top-Level ManagersResponsibilities of Top-Level Managers: setting organizational goals defining strategies for achieving them monitoring and interpreting the external environment making decisions that affect the entire organization looking to the long-t
46、erm futureManagement Levels 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Top-Level ManagersResponsibilities of Top-Level Managers: concerning themselves with general environmental trends and the organizations overall success communicating a shared vision for the organization, shaping c
47、orporate culture nurturing an entrepreneurial spirit that can help the company keep pace with rapid changeManagement Levels 精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Middle-Level ManagersResponsibilities of Middle-Level Managers: receiving the broad overall strategies, missions, and
48、 objectives from top-level managers and translating them into specific action programs implementing the broad organizational plans concerned with the near future expected to establish good relationships with peers around the organization encouraging teamwork resolving conflictsManagement Levels 精品pp
49、t文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl First-Level Managers:Management Levels Responsibilities of First-Level Managers: directing and controlling the work of employees in order to achieve the team goals motivating employees to perform satisfactorily translating overall corporate goal
50、s into action plans. This management level (supervisory level) is the link between managers and non-managers. Organizational objectives eventually meet the test of reality at this level.精品ppt文档收集于网络，仅供学习交流,如有侵权请联系管理员删除ManagementChapter4Chapterl Middle-Level ManagersManagement Levels They implements