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1、1. decrease vi.& vt. 减少;(使)变小;或变少减少;(使)变小;或变少 n. 减少;降低;减少的数量(其后常接介词减少;降低;减少的数量(其后常接介词in/of)常用结构:常用结构: decrease to 减少到减少到 decrease from . to 从从 减少到减少到 decrease by. 减少了减少了 decrease in . 在在方面减少方面减少 反义词:反义词:increase vi.& vt.增加;增长;增强增加;增长;增强会员数会员数(从从200人人)减少到减少到150人。人。 The membership decreased (from 200)
2、 to 150. 班里人数减少了班里人数减少了20人人/15%。 The number of students in the class has decreased by 20/15%. 这种鸟的数量正在逐年减少。这种鸟的数量正在逐年减少。This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.2. suggest vt. 建议,提出(意见、计划、理论等)建议,提出(意见、计划、理论等) 暗示,表明暗示,表明 常用结构:常用结构: suggest + doing 建议做建议做 suggest sb./to sb. doing sth. 建
3、议某人做某事建议某人做某事 suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议向某人提议 suggest (to sb.) that从句从句 (向某人向某人)建议建议(用虚拟语气用虚拟语气) It is suggested that. 建议建议(用虚拟语气用虚拟语气) suggest sth. 暗示、表明暗示、表明 suggest + that从句从句 暗示、表明暗示、表明用法点拨:用法点拨: suggest作作“建议建议”讲时讲时,后面的从句用虚拟后面的从句用虚拟语气语气,结构为:结构为:suggest+(that)+主语主语+(should)+do+sth.。当当suggest作作“暗示暗
4、示;表明表明”讲时,后面的从句不用虚拟讲时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。另外语气。另外,suggest后不可以接不定式后不可以接不定式(to do)作宾语或宾作宾语或宾补补,即不可以说即不可以说suggest to do或或suggest sb. to do。我向他建议应用另一种方式来处理这个问题。我向他建议应用另一种方式来处理这个问题。I suggested to him that we should deal with the problem in another way.我建议去散步。我建议去散步。 I suggested going out for a walk. 他面色苍白,说明他身体不
5、好。他面色苍白,说明他身体不好。 His pale face suggests bad health. 【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子我提议坐我的车去。我提议坐我的车去。 I suggested _ in my car.他们向我们建议了另一家商店。他们向我们建议了另一家商店。They suggested _ _ to us.答案:答案:going another shop 【联想拓展】【联想拓展】suggestion n.建议,其后接表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句建议,其后接表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应用都应用should+动词原形,动词原形,should可省略。可省略
6、。My suggestion is that we (should) go to the cinema together. 我建议我们一块儿去看电影。我建议我们一块儿去看电影。【即学即练】【即学即练】单项填空单项填空 His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us. A. that we goB. which we should go C. that we would go D. we should go解析:选解析:选A。suggestion作作“建议建议”讲时,后接的从句用(讲时,后接的从句用(sh
7、ould)+do的虚拟语气,再由句子结构可知,选的虚拟语气,再由句子结构可知,选A。3. die out 灭绝;逐渐消失灭绝;逐渐消失【联想拓展】【联想拓展】be dying for 渴望;很想渴望;很想 be dying to do sth. 渴望;急切做某事渴望;急切做某事 die away (尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失;减弱减弱die down 渐弱;渐息;(风、雨、浪等)平息渐弱;渐息;(风、雨、浪等)平息die off (家族,种族等)相继死亡;先后死去(家族,种族等)相继死亡;先后死去die from/of 因因而死。通常由疾病、饥寒、情感原因造而死。通
8、常由疾病、饥寒、情感原因造成的死亡,用成的死亡,用die of(内因),除此之外的原因用(内因),除此之外的原因用die from(外因)。(外因)。【即学即练】【即学即练】如果我们不采取行动,许多物种将很快灭绝。如果我们不采取行动,许多物种将很快灭绝。 Many species will soon die out if we dont take action.许多旧的风俗已消失了。许多旧的风俗已消失了。 Many old customs have died out .汽车的声音消失在远方。汽车的声音消失在远方。 The noise of the car died away in the di
9、stance.用法点拨:用法点拨: die为不及物动词,它与副词构成的短语也是不及为不及物动词,它与副词构成的短语也是不及物动词词组,都没有被动语态形式,不与表示一段时间的词物动词词组,都没有被动语态形式,不与表示一段时间的词连用;连用;dead 为形容词,表示状态,可与表示一段时间的词连为形容词,表示状态,可与表示一段时间的词连用;用;deadly为形容词,意为为形容词,意为“致命的;致死的致命的;致死的”。4.hunt vt. vi. 打猎;猎取;搜寻打猎;猎取;搜寻狮子有时候单独猎食。狮子有时候单独猎食。Lions sometimes hunt alone.北冰洋的鲸类仍然在遭到猎杀。北
10、冰洋的鲸类仍然在遭到猎杀。Whales are still being hunted and killed in the Arctic.三个国家的警力都在追捕那个杀手。三个国家的警力都在追捕那个杀手。Police in the three countries are hunting for the killer.5. in peace 和平地;和睦地;安静地;不被打扰地和平地;和睦地;安静地;不被打扰地所有的村民都和睦相处。所有的村民都和睦相处。All the villagers live together in peace.请让我安静地做作业。请让我安静地做作业。Please let me
11、do my homework in peace.我希望你不要打扰我,因为我还有工作要做。我希望你不要打扰我,因为我还有工作要做。I hope you could leave me in peace because I have got work to do.拓展:拓展:in + n. 相当于同根的副词,一般作状语。相当于同根的副词,一般作状语。 in fear 恐惧地恐惧地 in silence 安静地,沉默地安静地,沉默地 in ruins 破败不堪地,废墟破败不堪地,废墟 in surprise 吃惊地吃惊地6. in danger (of) 在危险中在危险中;垂危(常与垂危(常与be连用
12、,强调连用,强调主语处于某种危险之中)主语处于某种危险之中)【联想拓展】【联想拓展】be in danger of 处于处于的危险中的危险中be out of danger 脱离危险脱离危险 endanger vt. 危害,危及危害,危及 endangered adj. 有生命危险的;濒临灭绝的有生命危险的;濒临灭绝的【即学即练】【即学即练】这女孩的生命危在旦夕。这女孩的生命危在旦夕。 The girls life was in immediate danger .这位病人有死亡的危险。这位病人有死亡的危险。 The patient is in danger of death.受伤的警察现已脱
13、离危险。受伤的警察现已脱离危险。 The wounded policeman is now out of danger.7. distant adj. 远处的,遥远的;关系远的远处的,遥远的;关系远的在那座遥远的小山村里,很多人都离家外出去找挣钱的在那座遥远的小山村里,很多人都离家外出去找挣钱的工作。工作。In that distant small village, many people leave home for money-making jobs.我在这个城市里有一个远方亲戚。我在这个城市里有一个远方亲戚。I have a distant relative in this city.
14、distance n. 距离距离 in the distance 在远处,在远方在远处,在远方 at a distance 离一段距离,在远处,遥远地离一段距离,在远处,遥远地 keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离与某人保持一定距离8. relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物 a sense of relief 解脱感解脱感 to ones relief 令人感到宽慰的是令人感到宽慰的是 in relief 如释重负,松了一口气如释重负,松了一口气听到玛莎安然无恙的消息,我们都感到很欣慰。听到玛莎安然
15、无恙的消息,我们都感到很欣慰。It was such a relief to hear that Martha was found safe.令我们感到欣慰的是,他已经意识到了自己的错误。令我们感到欣慰的是,他已经意识到了自己的错误。To our relief, he has realized his faults.考试终于结束了,我们如释重负,一起看了一场电影。考试终于结束了,我们如释重负,一起看了一场电影。The exams was over at last, and in relief we went to see a film together.9. burst into sth. 突
16、然爆发;突然闯入突然爆发;突然闯入 burst into laughter/tears 突然大笑突然大笑/大哭大哭 = burst out laughing/crying她突然大哭起来。她突然大哭起来。She burst into tears.他没敲门就闯进了屋子。他没敲门就闯进了屋子。He burst into the room without knocking.10. mercy n. 仁慈;宽恕;怜悯仁慈;宽恕;怜悯 常用结构常用结构: without mercy 无情地无情地 show mercy to sb. have mercy on sb. at the mercy of 在在
17、掌握下,由掌握下,由 摆布摆布 beg for mercy 乞求乞求 怜悯怜悯 同情同情/怜悯某人怜悯某人我请求宽恕。我请求宽恕。 I beg for your mercy.警察毫不留情地将鳄鱼击毙了。警察毫不留情地将鳄鱼击毙了。 The policemen shot the crocodile without mercy.他们对敌人毫无怜悯之意。他们对敌人毫无怜悯之意。 They showed little mercy to their enemies. =They had little mercy on their enemies.人类的命运由自己控制。人类的命运由自己控制。 The de
18、stiny of Man is at the mercy of himself.11. protect from (sth./ doing sth.) 保护保护不受不受(危害)(危害)我们必须保护这些植物不受寒冷天气的破坏。我们必须保护这些植物不受寒冷天气的破坏。We must protect these plants from the cold weather.这个组织致力于保护儿童不受战争的伤害。这个组织致力于保护儿童不受战争的伤害。This organization aims to protect children from war.夏天,人们想尽办法保护自己不受蚊虫叮咬。夏天,人们想尽
19、办法保护自己不受蚊虫叮咬。In summer people try every ways to protect themselves from mosquitoes.世界野生生物基金会旨在保护濒危物种不被杀害。世界野生生物基金会旨在保护濒危物种不被杀害。The WWF aims to protect the endangered species from being killed.拓展延伸:拓展延伸: keep/ prevent/stop.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事; 阻止某事发生阻止某事发生没有什么能阻止我们这样做。没有什么能阻止我们这样做。Nothing
20、can stop us stop/keep/ prevent us from doing this. 要防止这样的事再次发生,这是最好的办法。要防止这样的事再次发生,这是最好的办法。This is the best way to stop/keep/ prevent such a thing from happening again.注:注:该句型中该句型中stop和和prevent 后面的后面的from可以省略。可以省略。即即prevent/stop. doing sth.但是但是keep后面的后面的from不能不能省略,因为省略,因为keep . doing sth. 意思是意思是“使使.
21、不断地做不断地做某事某事”。如:。如:I m sorry I have kept you waiting for so long.12. contain vt. 包含;容纳包含;容纳这本书包含你所需要的一切信息。这本书包含你所需要的一切信息。This book contains all the information you need.这个瓶子能容纳多少水这个瓶子能容纳多少水?How much water will this bottle contain?13. affect vt. 影响,侵袭;感动影响,侵袭;感动气候的变化可能影响你的健康。气候的变化可能影响你的健康。The change
22、in climate may affect your health. 她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤。她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤。We were deeply affected by the news of her death.用法点拨:用法点拨: affect作及物动词,既有作及物动词,既有“影响、侵影响、侵袭袭”的意思,也可以表示的意思,也可以表示“感动感动”,它的名词形,它的名词形式是式是effect,其结构为:,其结构为:have an effect on对对有影响。有影响。14. pay attention to 注意注意,关注关注 to是介词,后面跟名词或者动名词是介词,后面跟名词或者
23、动名词所有的学生都应该注意记笔记。所有的学生都应该注意记笔记。All the students should pay attention to taking notes.老师应该多关注学生那些奇怪的行为。老师应该多关注学生那些奇怪的行为。The teacher should pay more attention to those strange behaviors of students.attention n. 注意,关心,关注,注意力注意,关心,关注,注意力常用搭配:常用搭配: attract/draw/call/invite ones attention (to) 吸引某人的注意力吸引某
24、人的注意力 turn ones attention to 将注意力转向将注意力转向这棵漂亮的圣诞树吸引了小朋友的注意力。这棵漂亮的圣诞树吸引了小朋友的注意力。The beautiful Christmas tree attracted childrens attention.15. appreciate vt.鉴赏;感激;意识到鉴赏;感激;意识到用法点拨:用法点拨: 其后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语,其后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语,但但不能接不定式不能接不定式。当其意为当其意为“感激,感谢感激,感谢”时,其后宾语只能为时,其后宾语只能为“物物/事事”,不能为,不能
25、为“人人”(与(与thank的用法正相反)。的用法正相反)。其后不直接跟其后不直接跟if或或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助类从句,需借助it,即:,即:appreciate it if/when.。当表示当表示“感谢感谢”的程度时,可用的程度时,可用deeply, highly,(very)much等修饰(等修饰(much修饰修饰appreciate时,只能置于其前时,只能置于其前,但但是是very much修饰时,则放在它后面。修饰时,则放在它后面。)常用结构:常用结构:appreciate sth./doing sth. 感激感激(做做)某事
26、某事Id appreciate it if. 如果如果我将不胜感激我将不胜感激看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。You cant fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.如果你支付现金的话,我会不胜感激。如果你支付现金的话,我会不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.非常感谢你的帮助。非常感谢你的帮助。Your help was greatly appreciated.【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子能再次收到你的来信,我们将十分感
27、激。能再次收到你的来信,我们将十分感激。 We shall appreciate _ from you again. 如果你能帮助我做这件事,我将不胜感激。如果你能帮助我做这件事,我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate _ very much if you would help me with it. 单项填空单项填空I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time 解析解析:
28、选选B。考查。考查appreciate的用法。的用法。appreciate,其后不能,其后不能接动词不定式作宾语,只能用名词或动名词形式。接动词不定式作宾语,只能用名词或动名词形式。hearingit16. succeed vi. 成功;继任,继承成功;继任,继承常用结构常用结构: :succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事成功做某事 succeed to sth. 继承继承她与她与1558年继承王位。年继承王位。She succeeded to the throne in1558.他成功地进入了这所艺术学校。他成功地进入了这所艺术学校。He succeeded in get
29、ting into this art school.8. come into being 形成;产生形成;产生【联想拓展】【联想拓展】come into 进入;得到进入;得到come into existence 形成;产生;开始存在形成;产生;开始存在come into effect 开始生效;开始实施开始生效;开始实施come into use 开始被使用开始被使用come into power 上台执政上台执政come into fashion 开始流行开始流行come into office 就职就职come into action 开始行动开始行动【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成
30、句子三年后他上台掌权了。三年后他上台掌权了。 Three years later, he _ _ _ .我们不知道世界是何时形成的。我们不知道世界是何时形成的。 We do not know when this world _ _ _ .答案:答案:came into power came into being用法点拨:用法点拨: come into后面加名词构成的短语一般为不及物动词短后面加名词构成的短语一般为不及物动词短语,因此不能用在被动语态中。这一类词组也不能用于进行时态。语,因此不能用在被动语态中。这一类词组也不能用于进行时态。【即学即练】【即学即练】单项填空单项填空Before t
31、he computer _, people could never imagine it could bring about such great changes to human life. A. came into being B. was discovered C. was come into being D. was formed 解析解析:选选A。句意为:在电脑出现之前,人们绝不会想到它会给人类。句意为:在电脑出现之前,人们绝不会想到它会给人类的生活带来如此巨大的变化。电脑不能说是的生活带来如此巨大的变化。电脑不能说是“被发现被发现”或或“被形成被形成”的,故排除的,故排除B、D两项
32、;两项;come into being不能用于被动语态和进行时,不能用于被动语态和进行时,故选故选A。. 单词拼写单词拼写1. I offered him a drink but he didnt _ (回应回应).2. The foreign visitors came from a _ (遥远的遥远的) country.3. The storm did a _(巨大的巨大的) harm. 4. Many wild animals live happily in the nature _ (保护区保护区).5. The two neighbouring countries had been
33、_ (仇敌仇敌) for centuries. 6. Alcoholic drink can have a bad e _ on your body.7. More a _ should be paid to your pronunciation. 8. Her coat gave her p _ from the rain.9. I felt great r _ when I heard I had passed the examination.10. The i _ of washing ones hands before a meal is that it prevents infect
34、ion. 答案:答案: 1. respond 2. distant 3. powerful 4. reserve5. enemies 6. effect 7. attention 8. protection9. relief 10. importance. 完成句子完成句子1. 你知道世界如何形成的吗?你知道世界如何形成的吗? Do you know how did the world _ _ _ ?2. 在冬天你应该盖上东西保护那些植物不要冻坏。在冬天你应该盖上东西保护那些植物不要冻坏。 In winter, you should cover something to _ the plant
35、s _ the cold.3. 他处于极度危险中。他处于极度危险中。 He is _ great _.4. 他没有努力学习,结果考试不及格。他没有努力学习,结果考试不及格。 He didnt work hard. _ _ _ , he failed in the exam.5. 当你驾驶的时候应该注意标志。当你驾驶的时候应该注意标志。 You should _ _ _ the signs when you are driving.6. 我的家人相处融洽。我的家人相处融洽。 My family lives _ _ .7. 恐龙在几百万年前就灭绝了。恐龙在几百万年前就灭绝了。 Dinosaurs
36、_ _ millions of years ago.8. 他写信申请那份工作。他写信申请那份工作。 He wrote a letter to _ _ the job.9. 暴风雨对庄稼有很坏的影响。暴风雨对庄稼有很坏的影响。 The storm _ a bad _ _ the crops.答案:答案:1. come into being 2. protect;from 3. in;danger4. As a result 5. pay attention to 6. in peace 7. died out8. apply for 9. had;effect on. 单项填空单项填空1. Da
37、rk glasses _ your eyes _ the sun. A. protect; fromB. protect; out of C. stop; lookD. hide; see解析:选解析:选A。 protect. from.保护保护免受的伤害。免受的伤害。2. He asked her if she could just _ a flower to the ball? A. have on B. dress C. put on D. wear解析:选解析:选D。put on以衣服作宾语,强调穿戴的动作,多指穿袜子、以衣服作宾语,强调穿戴的动作,多指穿袜子、戴手套等;戴手套等;we
38、ar表示穿衣、戴饰物等表示穿衣、戴饰物等;have on以衣服作宾语,表示以衣服作宾语,表示状态,不用于进行时状态,不用于进行时;dress以人作宾语,以人作宾语,dress sb.表示穿衣状态。表示穿衣状态。3. Would you like to come with us for a walk tomorrow? _. A. I wantB. I like C. Id like toD. Yes, I want to very much解析:选解析:选C。Id like to表示表示“我愿意;我想要(做)的我愿意;我想要(做)的”。常用来。常用来回答回答“would you like.”的
39、问句。的问句。4. It will not be _ we go to visit Canada again. A. long beforeB. before long C. soon afterD. shortly after解析:选解析:选A。 It wont be long before.要不了多久就会。要不了多久就会。5. The girl dived into the water to look for the gold ring. We _ about her safety. A. all concernedB. were all concerned C. were concern
40、ingD. all were concerned解析:选解析:选B。 be concerned about为为担心。担心。6. The little girl _ and ran to her mother. A. turned aroundB. turned over C. turned outD. turned off解析:选解析:选A。turn around转身;旋转,符合句意。转身;旋转,符合句意。turn out结果却结果却是;是;turn over翻转;翻倒;翻转;翻倒;turn off关掉。关掉。7. Allen had to call a taxi because the bo
41、x was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavyB. too much heavy C. heavy too muchD. too heavy much 解析:选解析:选A。 考查考查too+adj./adv.+to do结构。结构。much修饰修饰too以加强语以加强语气,应放在气,应放在too之前。之前。too much修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。8. He wants to _ a job as an English teacher. A. apply for B. askC. promise D. receive解析:选解析:
42、选A。 apply for a job申请一份工作。申请一份工作。9. Fighting has begun again between America and Iraq. Wouldnt it be _ peaceful world if all nations lived in _ peace with one another? A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. /; /解析:选解析:选A。 a peaceful world一个和平的世界;一个和平的世界;in peace为固定词为固定词组,意为组,意为“和平地和平地”。10. He will not tell
43、the secret _ he knows it. A. even thoughB. even C. ifD. as if解析:选解析:选A。 前后句之间是让步的关系,故应该用前后句之间是让步的关系,故应该用even though(即(即使)。使)。11. I put my necklace right here, but now it _. A. has goneB. is missed C. is goneD. has lost解析:选解析:选C。什么东西不见了可以用。什么东西不见了可以用be missing/lost/gone表示。表示。12. This book _ all the i
44、nformation about the Internet you need. A. contains B. holds C. includes D. is listed解析:选解析:选A。contain侧重于所包含的内容;侧重于所包含的内容;include指某一部分也包指某一部分也包括在整体内。括在整体内。13. I dont _ Mr. Smith but I _ him. A. know; know ofB. recognize; know C. know about; rememberD. hear of; know解析:选解析:选A。know of sb.听说过某人;听说过某人;kn
45、ow sb.认识某人。认识某人。14. Our English teacher _ our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary. A. askedB. orderedC. suggested D. required解析:选解析:选C。suggest sb.(s) doing sth.建议某人做某事。建议某人做某事。15. This kind of plant _ centuries ago. A. died outB. died away C. died off D. died from解析:选解析:选A。die out熄灭;绝种;熄灭;绝种;(风俗习惯风俗习惯)消失;消失;die away/down(声音、光线、风暴、火)渐弱;渐息;(声音、光线、风暴、火)渐弱;渐息;die off(家族、种族等)(家族、种族等)相继死亡;(草木)枯死;相继死亡;(草木)枯死;die from指因疾病或情感以外的原因或指因疾病或情感以外的原因或外部原因而造成的死亡。根据句意可知,选外部原因而造成的死亡。根据句意可知,选A。