新人教版英语八年级上各单元知识点大归纳.pdf

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1、1 八年级上册英语各单元知识点大归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 【语法解析】不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意:1. some 和 any +可数名 /不可数名。 some 多用于肯定句, any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。 有些问句中用 some, 不用 any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2. 由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用第三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如:something interesting 二、知识点:1. buy s

2、th for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形 ) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事

3、 =begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事区分: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析:1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词

4、复数“许多”2. seem 形容词看起来 . You seem happy today. to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like . 好像,似乎 . It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点,= get to= reach+地点名“ 到达.”arrive at +小地点(注:若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如: arrive here; get home

5、)4. feel like sth/ doing sth. 感觉像是 5. wonder “ 想知道 ” ,+疑问词( who, what, why)引导的从句。6. because of +名/ 代/V-ing Because+从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。He cant take a walk because of the rain. I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词“足够 ”形容词 /副词+enough 2 Unit2 How often do you exercise?【语法解析】1.

6、频率副词 : always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be 动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中2. “次数”的表达方法一次once,两次 twice ,三次或三次以上用基数词+ times, three times, five times, 3、how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的 how 疑问词:1)How soon多久(以后)How soon will he be back? 他多久能回来?He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。2)how

7、long “多久”,eg.How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。3)How many+名复/How much+不可名“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)二、知识点:1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate bo

8、arding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month 一月一次12. twice a week 一周两次13.make a difference to 对什么有影响14. most of the students=most student 15.shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购 物16. be good fo

9、r 对 什 么 有 益17. be bad for 对什么有害18. come home from school放学回家19 .of course = certainly = sure当然20. get good grades取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】一、 maybe / may be 1. The baby is crying she is hungry. 2. The woman a teacher .maybe 是副词,意为 “ 大概, 可能,或许 ” ,一般用于句首。 May be是情

10、态动词,意为 “ 可能是 .,也许是 .,大概是 . ”.二、1)a few / few / a little / little 1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150. 2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? a few ( 少数的,几个,一些 ) a little ( 一点儿,少量 ) 表示肯定few ( 很少的,几乎没有的 ) little (很少的,几乎没有的 ) 表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词2) 、h

11、ard / hardly 3 1. The ground is too to dig 2. I can understand them. 3. Its raining,the people can go outside. hard作形容词,意为 “ 困难的,艰苦的,硬的 ” ;作副词,意为 “ 努力地,猛烈地” 。Hardly意为“ 几乎不 ” 。4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for. 意思是 “ 至于;关于 ” ,+名词、代词或动词的 -ing形式(即动名词)。如: As for him ,I ne

12、ver want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story, youd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。5. That sounds interesting.这是“ 主语+系动词 +表语” 结构的简单句。 sound (听起来),look(看起来),smell (闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel(觉得) ,seem (好象) ,grow (变得) ,get (变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds

13、 very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。2. Be about (介词) “ 是关于 ”+名/代/V-ing 4.Here be is+名单:Here is a photo of my family. “ 这是” are +名复:Here are some books. 5.find(found)+that 从句:发现 Eg:I found that most students go to school by bike. 6.percent 名词,意为 “ 百分之 ”百分数用基数 + percen

14、t (不用复数形式 ),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定e.g. 50 fifty percent百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱7.not a t all 意为“ 一点也不 ” . not 应放在 be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后。e.g. The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。8. It is + adj. to do sth. 干

15、某事是例如:It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。9.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式e.g. The best way to learn English is through more practice 10. take, spend, pay It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“ 花费某人时间来做某事” 。人(sb.) spend 时间/钱on sth. “ 买某物花了钱”。(in) doing “ 花费多少时间来做某事 ” 。pay 的主语必须是人,而 “ 花钱

16、买某物 ” 为 pay for11.however 副词,意为 “ 然而,可是 ” ,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末4 Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.【语法解析】形容词比较级1.形容词的原形就是原级, 2.比较级, 表示较 或更3.最高级, 表示最 .。2. 比 较 句 型 : A + be动 词 + 形 容 词 的 比 较 级 +than +B “ A 比 B 更” (注意: A 与 B 必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)副词比较级常用的句型结构:1.“ A+实意动词 +副词比较级 + than + B” 表示 “ A 比 B

17、”2.比较 A ,B 两人/两事物问其中哪一个较 时用句型;“ Who/which +谓语动词 + adj./adv.比较级, A or B ?”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary? ?特殊用法1.“ 比较级 +and+比较级 ” ,意为“ 越来越 ” 。 多音节比较级用“ more and more+ 原级”2. “ the+比较级 (), the+比较级 ()” 意思是: ” 越越” The more, the better. 3.主 is the 形比+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较 .”4. 两者在某一方面相同:A+谓语动词 +as+ adj./a

18、dv. 原级+ as+ B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom. 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级 +as”Eg. I am not as tall as my sister. ?形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用 much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用 very, so, too, quite等修饰。二、知识点1.have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have

19、 fun doing sth : 做某事很开心2. do the same things as me. (翻译) _; the same as 表示: _, 3. A good fried is good at sports. (翻译)be good at 意为 _,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。同义词组:do well in He _ _ _ English.( 他擅长英语 ) I m _ _ _ basketball.(我擅长打篮球 ) 4. care about ,意为 _关心_; care for 意为 _关爱_; take care ( 当/小心) take care of (照顾)=

20、look after 5.makes me laugh. ( 翻译)_; make sb. do sth. 意为: _. His father always _ _ _ up before five oclock.(让他起床 ) 让(使)某人做某事( make后跟不带 to 的不定式)make sb. + 形容词:使某人保持某种状态: e.g. My friends always make me happy 6.be like“就像” :I am like your sister. Look like “外貌上的像” I look like my sister. 7.That s why+句子

21、:那就是 的原因 /那就是为什么 Eg: 那就是我学习英语的原因:8.It s+形+(for sb.)to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是. ”9. make friends with sb.与某人交朋友10. as long as 只要;既然,引导条件状语从句5 11. be different from 与不同;反:be the same as 与 相同12.though adv.不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱) conj. 虽然;尽管; =although与 but 不能同时用在一个句子中eg :He said he would come, he didnt, tho

22、ugh. 他说他要来,可是并没有来。Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him. 尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他13.get better grades 取得更好的成绩14.does( 助动词 do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。I work harder than Tom_(is/do/does/did). 15.be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?【语法解析】

23、1)形容词最高级:用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。2)标志词:表比较范围时用in/of 3) 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the.副词最高级前可省略the。表示“三者(或以上)中最的”的句型1. A + be + the 形容词最较级+ 表示范围( in/of 介词短语)2. A + 实意动词+ (the) 副词最高级+ 表示范围的 of/in 介词短语常用句式:1) Who/ Which + 最高级 , A, B or C ?2) one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式 , 意为“ 最之一” 。3)序数词后跟形容词最高级二、知识点1、in town 在镇上2、welcome t

24、o + 地名:欢迎来到 .3、How do you like +名/代/V-ing :“ 你认为 怎么样? ”=What do you think of 4、Thanks for =Thank you for +名/代/V-ing:“ 感谢”5.不客气: No problem. = Youre welcome. =Not at all. 6.talent 名(可)天赋talent show :才艺表演talented 形:有天赋的:be talented in 7. be good at 擅长 ( do well in) 反义短语:be poor / weak in 在.方面弱;be good

25、 for “ 对有益” ,后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for。be good to “ 对好(和善;慈爱 ) ” ,相当于be friendly to,后面通常接人8. have in common 有相同特征; (想法、兴趣等方面 )相同9. all kinds of 各种类型的;各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种* kind of 有点+ 形 :kind of boring / fat /thin 10. Its up to sb. to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责11. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)Dont ma

26、ke up a story. 12. take seriously 认真对待6 Dont take it so seriously. 别把这件事看得这么严重。13. play a role in doing sth. “ 在中发挥作用 /扮演角色 ”14. win 动-won:赢得 +奖品winner 名:赢者15. givegave(过)give sb. sth= give sth. to sb. 给某人某物He gave me some money.= He gave some money to me. 16.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事 . doing sth. 观

27、看某人正在做某事17.举例: like : 可和 such as互换. such as: 常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on( 等等)连用for example:一般只列举一个, 作插入语用逗号隔开, 可置于句首 /句中/句末;e.g.I like fruits , _, apples. _apples, bananas and pears. Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 【语法解析】1.询问某人对某物的观点及看法:What do you think of ?=How do you like? 2.描述喜好 I love/ li

28、ke/ don t mind/dislike/can t stand (复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他; 主语(三单) +V(三单)+其他) 一、知识点1. want + n 想要want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想让某人干某事 2.mind: 介意; 其后+名词/代词/V-ing 4.stand 1) “ 站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立2) “忍受” ( 多用于否定句、疑问句 ) , 后可+名/代/V-ing 5.plan vt. & vi.计划, 打算, plan to do sth. plan 还可作名词,如: make

29、plans 制定计划6.动词 discuss ( 讨论 ) + ion discussion had a discussion about sth. 7. happen v. 发生; 出现 sth+ happens to sb. ” 或“Sth happened +时间/地点 ” 句式8. 情态动词 : may:语气弱于 can,意为 “ 可能”might 表推测,语气最弱,意为 “ 可能”may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为“ 可能不 ”They may not be very exciting. 她们可能不是那么另人兴奋9.expect to do sth. 期盼做某事

30、hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask 10. be famous as + 职业名 “ 作为而出名 ” ,be famous for sth. 表示 “ 以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名” ,11.one of 后跟可数名词复数,表示之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。e.g. One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。12.always ready to do st

31、h., 表示“ 总是准备好做某事13.try ones best “尽力; 竭尽全力 ” 的意思7 14.show 名: “节目” :TV shows/ talent shows 动: “展示” show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 15.take one s place 代替; 替换16. do a good job 干得好Unit 6 I m going to study computer science.【语法解析】1.将来时用于表示未来将做的事,常用“be + going to+ 动词原形 ” 来表达,表示计划或根据某些现象或征兆预测不久即将发生的事情。含有

32、“ 打算” 之意。常与 tomorrow, next Sunday, next month, the day after tomorrow 等表示将来的时间状语连用。1).结构“ 主语 + be(is/am/are) going to + do sth ”2).否定式:主语+ be not + going to do sth. 二、知识点1. want to be/become + ( 职业)名词 :“想要成为 .”I want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up. 2.write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事3. keep o

33、n doing sth继续做某事(表动作的反复)keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)4. be sure about + 名/代/V-ing “ 肯定” - Are you sure about that? make sure (that)+ 从句“ 确保”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out 5learn sth. We must learn English every day. to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano

34、. 6. discuss v. 讨论;商量名词是 discussion discuss with sb. 与某人讨论: Discuss this question with your partner. Let s discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。7. be able to do sth 能够做某事区分( 1)can : can+ 动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时be able to +动原,有人称和数

35、的变化。(be:is/am/are/ )可用于多种时态(2) can 常指客观上能够; be able to 更侧重于“克服一定困难”、“经过努力”、“有能力”做成某事。He will be able to(能够) speak English next year. (在此不能填 can)8. promise n. 承诺;诺言v. 许诺;承诺;答应make a promise(to sb.) (对某人) 许下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise (sb. ) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事+that 从句He promised t

36、o help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。I promised that I study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。8 9. have to do with 关于;与有关系The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。10. take up sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做doing sth. I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。11. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. to

37、o+形容词 /副词 to+动原,表示 “ 太而不能 如: The kid is too young to play (play) this game. 这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。12. one s own +名 “某人自己的东西”强调某物为个人所有My own book 我自己的书本Unit 7 Will people have robots? 【语法解析】一般将来时:1、 概念:(1) 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 We shall go to see him tomorrow. (2) 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。From now on I shall come every da

38、y. 2、结构:1) 主+be going to +V 原形+其他2)主+ 助动词 shall / will + V 原形+其他. 3、句中的时间状语: tomorrow 明天; next week/month/year下周/月/年;in+时间段:多长时间之后; the day after tomorrow 后天;4. There be 句型的将来时:“ (某地)将有某物1)、There will be+名词(一般疑问句: Will +there be 肯:Yes, there will; 否: No, there won t.)2)、There is going to be+名(单) /不可

39、数名There are going to be+ 名(复)5. 一般将来时和 be going to 表示将来1) 表达一种事先计划或打算时( 说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事),只能用 be going to. 2) 表达意愿时 , 只能用 will. 拓展:将来时也可以用现在进行时 “be + V-ing ”来表达 ,表示按计划和安排即将发生的动作,语气较婉转,动词多是一些“ 来、去 ” 的位移动词。如:go, come, leave, start, move, arrive, reach, return, drive, travel, land He

40、 is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天去北京。The plane is landing soon. 飞机即将着陆。一、课文知识点1.许多 many+ 可数名词比较级 more 最高级 most much +不可数名词少许few:比较级 fewer 最高级 fewest +可名: cars, trees, buildings, people (否)little: 比: less 最 least +不可名:water, air, paper, time, pollution (肯) a few / a little 9 2、live to be 基数词 + ye

41、ars old “ 活到岁”3、be in great danger 处在极大的危险中4、play a part in +名/ 代/V-ing. 参与某事 / 做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 5、help sb. with sth. 帮助(做)He often helps me with my English. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助做He often helps me study English. help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等 ) Help yourself to the

42、 fish. 请随便吃鱼6、动词后跟形容词的情况 (构成系表结构 )1)表状态的动词: be/seem/keep/stay I exercise to keep healthy.2)感官动词: sound/look/taste/feel That sounds great.3)表变化的动词: get/become/turn The robots never get bored.7. make sb. (代词为宾格) do (让)(做) He made Tom laugh. 使役动词是表示 “使、令、让、帮、叫”等意义的不完全及物动词, 还有 leave, get ,keep , make(使,

43、 令) , let(让), help(帮助)等。 1.) make / let +sb. +do sth. 2 ). get / leave + sb. to do / doing sth. 3)leave sb. doing 让继续处于某种状态 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. 8. the same as 和一样反义短语: be different from 9. It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了时间做某事 ( 时态根据具体情况决定)It takes me

44、 an hour to get to my office. spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)。人 sb. spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时They spent two years building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。10. hundreds of “许多;大量” + 名词复数数词+hundred “多少百”类似的数词还有 thousand (千) , million(

45、万)There are four hundred students in our grade. 我们年级有 400 名学生There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year. 11.during “在期间” during the vacation/the daytime /the weekend 12.the meaning of “的意思”Can you tell me the meaning of the words? Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【语法解析】一、会用副词 fir

46、st, next, then, after that, finally 等来叙述做事的顺序或步骤的先后二、学会正确使用可数名词与不可数名词;1、名词:可数名 : 单:前常有 a/an / one 复: 前常有 a few/ many / 数词 2 不可数名:无单复数形式,前常有a little一点/ much 许多/ 数词+(容器)量词 +of+ 不可数名词10 注:some 一些/ lots of= a lot of( 许多)+ 可名词 /不可数名2、名复数的构成: 1)名+s 2)以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词, +es (规则)3)以辅音字母 +y结尾的名词,变 y为i, 再+es 注

47、:以O结尾的有生命的名词, +es. 如 tomato tomatoes potatopotatoes 以f或fe结尾的名词, 把f或fe变V,+es: thief-thieves( 小偷) leaf-leaves life-lives 不规则变化要加强记忆,如man-men , woman -women, tooth-teeth 三 学会在谈论食物制作过程中使用How much? How many? 问名词的数量: “ 多少”How many +复数名词+一般疑问句How much +不可数名词How many bananas do we need? How much honey do we

48、 need? (how much 也可以用来问价格)四、知识点1.cut是“ 切, 割” 的意思 , 过去式为 cut。cut up意为“ 切碎”, 动副组合:动+名+副;动 + 副+名动+代(it/them)+副Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up. Cut it /them up.类似的词有:turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等 ) turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等 ) turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等 ) turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等 ) 2.祈使句:一般以动词原形开头, 通常省略主语 (y

49、ou) 。表示请求,命令, 劝说,指示等。结构:肯: V原+其它。否:Don t +V 原+其它。Cut up the bananas . Don t eat in class. 3. one more thing 另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分钟“ 数字+ more + 物品” 指“ 另外的 ”“another + 数字 + 物品” 指“ 另外的”当数字为 one 时,常与 more连用或只用another。Give me two more hamburgers ?/another two hamburgers 4. forget to do sth. 忘记(去

50、)做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。5、It s a time (for sb). to do sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时期It s time (for sb.) to do sth. =It s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间E .g. It s a time for you to study English.It s time for us to go to school.(It s time for school.)6、give thanks for +名/代 V-ing “ 感恩”We should give thanks for o

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