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1、材料力学Mechanics of Materials 构件Structure member 强度strength 刚度rigidity 稳定性stability 变形固体solid deformation body 基本假设fundamental assumption 各向同性Isotropy 内力internal force 外力external force 二力杆two force bar 刚体rigid body 轴向拉伸Axial tension 轴向压缩Axial compression 拉力tensile force 内力Internal force 轴力axial force 轴
2、力图diagram of axial force 集中载荷concentrate load 应力stress 平均应力Average stress 全应力whole stress 平面假设Hypothesis of plane section 拉应力Tensile stress 应力集中stress concentration 剪切shearing 正应力normal stress 剪应力shearing Stress 线应变linear strain 剪应变angular strain 剪力shearing force 弹性应变能Elastic strain energy 静定问题stati
3、cally determinate problem 静不定问题statically indeterminate problem 平衡方程equilibrium equations 比例极限Proportional limit 弹性极限Elastic limit 屈服极限Yielding limit 塑性材料ductile material 强度极限Strength limit 铸铁cast iron 轴Shaft 扭转Torsion 扭转角The angle of twist 扭矩Internal torque 扭矩图Internal torque diagram 剪应力互等定Theorem
4、of complementary shearing stresses 弯曲bending 梁Beam 固定铰支座Fixed hinged support 可动铰支座Movable hinged support 固定端Rigidly fixed end 简支梁simply supported beam 悬臂梁Cantilever beam 外伸梁Overhanging beam 静定梁Statically determinate beam 超静定梁Statically indeterminate beam 弯曲内力Internal force in bending 弯矩Bending momen
5、t 内力方程Internal force equation 剪力图shearing force diagram 弯矩图bending moment diagram 分布荷载the distributed load 荷载集度the density of the distributed load 平面刚架Planar rigid frame 曲杆Curved rod 纯弯曲Pure Bending 中性轴Neutral axis 曲率半径the radius of curvature 挠度Deflection 转角Angle of rotation 挠曲线deflection curve 位 移
6、边 界 条Boundary conditions of the displacement 支 点 位 移 条 件 Displacement conditions at the supports 连续条件Continuity conditions 光滑条件Sliding conditions 积分常数integral constant 一点的应力状态Stressed state at a point 原始单元体Original element 主单元体Principal element 主面principal plane 主应力principal stress 三向应力状态Three Dimen
7、sional State of Stress 二向应力状态Plane State of Stress 应力圆Stress Circle 单向应力状态Unidirectional State of Stress 主应力迹线Principal stress trajectories 应变能密度strain-energy density 强度理论Theories of strength 最大拉应力（第一强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile stress （first strength）最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile str
8、ain （second strength）最大剪应力（第三强度）理论Theory of maximum shearing stress(third strength) 形状改变比能（第四强度）理论Theory of maximum torsional (shearing)strain energy (fourth strength ）莫尔强度理论Mohr s strength theory相当应力Equivalent stress 组合变形Composite deformation 斜弯曲Skew bending 中性轴方程Equation of the neutral axis 不稳定平衡i
9、nstable equilibrium拉(压)弯组合变形Bending and tension or compression 稳定平衡Stable equilibrium 压杆失稳Loss of stability of the column 临界压力the critical pressure of the column 理想压杆Ideal compressive columns 长度系数Length coefficient 约束系数constraint coefficient 临界应力Critical stress 柔度Flexibility 应变能Strain energy 卡氏定理CatiglianoS Theorem莫尔定理 (单位力法 ) Mohr S theorem(Method of unit force)