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1、IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet国际音标国际音标英语国际音标简介 音标是用于标记读音的符号,英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。 48个音标 ,分为20个元音和28个辅音 元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,不受任何阻碍,同时声带振动。英语中的元音共有20个。 辅音是指发音时,气流从肺部压出来后,通过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍,如受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音。英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动可以分为11个清辅音和17个浊辅音。 清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。国际音标 元音元音单元音单元音前元音前元音 /i:/, /, /e/
2、, /中元音中元音 /:/, /, /后元音后元音 /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/双元音双元音 辅音辅音爆破音爆破音 / p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/磨檫音磨檫音 /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ ,/, / /, / /,/ /, /t/, /d/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/鼻音鼻音/m/, /n/, /半元音半元音/w/, /j/舌边音舌边音/l/e/, /a/, /, /, /a/, /, /e/, / 英语元音英语元音 (English vowels) 英语元音音素共英语元音音素共2020个。分单元音个。分
3、单元音和双元音两大类。和双元音两大类。Vowels(元音) -pure vowels(单元音)前元音:前元音: /i:/, /, /e/, /i:/例词:例词: he sea tree field发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量抬高。(2)双唇扁平,牙床几乎半合。(3)这是长元音,发音时嘴角向旁伸,做微笑状,并要有一定的延长。 me mi: see si: sea si: meet mi:t heat hi:t need ni:d free fri: bee bi: /- /i/例词:例词: pin ship hill chicks发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,音短促。(2)双唇扁
4、平,牙床半合,上下齿之间可放入一个小指尖。口腔肌肉松弛。发音练习 / /pigbigdigkidkickpick/e/-/例词:例词: pen head leg well发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高。(2)双唇中常,上下齿间可容下一食指,口腔肌肉松弛。朗读下面的单词leg le tell tel desk desk bed bed bread bred /例词:例词: apple hand 发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高,音短促。(2)双唇向两边平伸,成扁平形。上下齿间可容两指宽度。口腔肌肉松弛。 /k/bl k/batcatcapblackp阶段复习前元音:前元音: /i:
5、/, /, /e/, /bee bi: be bi bad / bd /bed /bed/中元音:中元音: /:/, /, /:/- /:/例词:例词: girl bird work turnher h: bird b:d work w:k shirt :t girl :l skirt sk:t /例词:例词: teacher picture breakfast welcomeago u panda pnd brother br sister sist winter wint river riv /例词:例词: cup run jump flood短语:短语: hurry up! trust
6、us! rubbish dump mustnt worry注意事项发/ 时,声音要短促,不能拖泥带水。 fun fn bus bs must mst cut kt luck lk sun sn son sn duck dk 阶段复习中元音:中元音: /:/, /, /bird /b:d/doctor /dkt/come /km/后元音:后元音: /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/u:/例词:例词: zoo who food blueshoe u: food fu:d cool ku:l room ru:m noodle nu:dl /例词:例词: foot wood book pushp
7、ut put book buk good ud look luk cook kuk foot fut /:/例词:例词: fork ball morning airportdoor d: law l: call k:l more m: small sm:l story st:ri /例词:例词: cock shop job hospitalhot ht stop stp not nt box bks sorry sri what wt /:/例词:例词: car star guitar art :t hard h:d star st: card k:d dark d:k arm :m star
8、t st:t 阶段复习后元音:后元音: /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/all /:l/ boss / bs/loose /lu:s/ look /lk/calm /k:m/Vowels(元音) -diphthongs(双元音)/e/, /a/, /, /, /a/, /, /e/, / /e/-/ei/例词:例词: face rain cake wait短语:短语: eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail/a/-/ai/例词:例词: sky kite write bicycle短语短语: : white li
9、e high tide eye for eye silent night/-/i/例词:例词: boy boil noise coin短语:短语: a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyces boyfriend/-/v/例词:例词:coast throw boat toe短语:短语: Joes coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball/a/-/av/例词:例词: cow house mouth trousers短语:短语: shout out brown mouse do
10、wn town round lounge/-/i/例词:例词: ear queer zero beard短语:短语: the atmosphere here queer skier weary mountaineer experienced engineer/e/-/例词:例词: hair bare pear chair短语:短语: millionaires heir mayors parents square chairs careful librarian/-/v/例词:例词: tour poor jury gourd短语:短语: poor tourists tour from China
11、 furious jury European gourdbee /bi: /be / bi /bad / bd /bed /bed/all /:l/ boss / bs/bird /b:d/doctor /dkt/come /km/calm /k:m/loose /lu:s/ look /lk/双元音复习cry / krai / hair / h / oil /il / sure / u/now / nau / late /let/coat / kut /near / ni / 英语辅音英语辅音 (English consonants) (共共28个)个)Consonants(辅音) -plo
12、sives(爆破音)/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ /p/例词:例词: pig pot pond plan 例词:例词: bus bed /b/t/例词:例词: tie taxi tap telephone例词:例词: door doctor head wind/d/k/例词:例词: car duck clock park例词:例词: bag dog goat grape/g/Consonants(辅音) -fricatives(摩擦音)/f/, /v/, /, /, /s/, /z/, /, /, /h/, /, /, /r/f/例词:例词: laugh fat f
13、ish 例词例词: vet village television/v/例词例词: tooth thin thirsty例词例词: father that together another/s/例词:例词: sun small horse bicycle例词:例词: zoo prize bees nose/z/例词:例词: fish sugar shoe shopcash k share she i: sheep ip /usual ju:ul pleasure ple/h/ 例词:例词: hat hard high例词:例词: rose lorry rubber rocket /r/例词:例词
14、: cheek chicken church watchcheap ti:p search s:t chair te watch w:t /例词:例词: jeep orange bridge Japan dpn just dst message mesid Consonants(辅音) -nasals(鼻音)/m/, /n/, / /m/例词:例词: moon home medicine mountain例词:例词: neck tin night noise例词:例词: ink ring sing /n/Consonants(辅音) -lateral(舌侧音)/l/l/例词:例词: black
15、 lemon light girl /g:l/ all /:l/l/Consonants(辅音) -semi-vowels(半元音) /j/, /w/ /j/, /w/ /j/例词:例词: yellow year例词:例词: week whale win window /w/Consonants(辅音) -fricatives(摩擦音)/ts/, /dz/, /tr/, /dr/ /ts/students coats cats boats/dz/heads reads beds hands/tr/tree truck train trace /dr/dress drink drain drea
16、mRead the following:Read the following:/lait/ /main/ /sain/ /nail/lit/ /min/ /si/ /nil/mai/ /laim/ /kait/ /gaid/mei/ /leim/ /keit/ /geit/it/ /mis/ /pin/ /lik/et/ /mes/ /pen/ /lend/si:/ /gi:s/ /ki:p/ /bi:t/sez/ /ges/ /kept/ /bed/si:k/ /pi:p/ /mi:t/ /di:d/seik/ /peid/ /meit/ /deiz/et/ /sed/ /beg/ /pek
17、/t/ /sd/ /bg/ /pk/Read the following:Read the following:Read the following:/u u/ /?/nu ut/ /n?t/uz/ /s?/smuk/ /f?k/s/ /si:m/ /i:m/sin/ /in/sed/ /eft/ /z/i:/ /zi:/ /is/ /zip/en/ /zed/pp pen picture jeep map t t ten two boat meetbb bike bus book box dd desk down bird goodkk cake Kate thank clock g g g
18、ood girl egg bags s sit see yes class z z is his these zeroRead the following:Read the following:随堂测试accountant会计 kauntnt three三 ri:assistant售货员sistnt hundred百 hndrdsubway地铁 sbwei strict严格的 strikttoothbrush牙刷 tu:br favourite最喜爱的feivrittraffic light交通灯 trfik thank谢谢 kmedicine药 medisin leave 离开 li:vsprout苗 spraut magazine杂志 ,mzi:nsouth南 sau clothes衣服 kluzthroat喉咙 rut active积极活跃的 ktivPractise reading the IPA at your spare time!