2022年英语符号速记可用 .pdf

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1、“note -taking ” 英语速记符号雅思考试的听力部分会用到英语专业技巧中的速记,以下是我对速记符号知识做的简单的总结， 希望对学生们有所帮助。 笔者认为， 速记是一个很好的听力考试的技巧，利于考生以最快的速度记下所听到的关键词及重点环节，无论是对平常的大学英语考试，还是高级的口译及听力都很适用。箭头 export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京I BJ at 6:00 pm d. import, receive(fr om),come back(from) increase, rise develop, promo

2、te, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding ()decrease, decline, bomb( 爆炸) . ，0drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 数学用符号 plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说 ) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听) 5stus10tea minus, lack wrong, incorrect, bad more than, gr

3、eater, more and more, superior to less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to more than or equal to less than or equal to be not match forEg.: jack Brandy jack 不是 . Brandy 的对手around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500 美元才能买下自行车 500 because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to so, therefore 其它。people or person Eg.: 中国人和

4、美国人中 US meeting, conference, negotiation(谈判) .state, country Eg.：2 个国家 2 and .stand for, on behalf of 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - Eg.:我代表你I U say, speak, tell, think. Eg.:我想说我爱你I 想 I .U ？ question, doubt, confusion. Eg.

5、: 我有个问题想问你。I have ？ask U 1) opinion, ideas. Eg.: 就这个问题，我想说几点。I 想 几 .2）Eg.:我去年来北京了。 I 来 BJ y 注：年 year(y) 月 month(m) 日 day(d) 去年y 明年 . y 前年 y 后年 y ！draw attention Eg.:信件结尾所用之best wishesU！( ) including Eg.: 有 5 个人参加了这次会议，包括我。Five 。 (me) 数字Thousand (th) Million (m) Billion(b) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - -

6、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbrevi

7、ations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib

8、= liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

9、 - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable

10、 skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，

11、共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in,

12、at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name i

13、s used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 20 页 -

14、- - - - - - - - = = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus / parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. E

15、xamples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 -

16、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: techgy technology genion generalisation dely delivery Use

17、 just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prbl

18、m problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples: custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios Use g to represent ing endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共

19、20 页 - - - - - - - - - Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be

20、substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 20 页 - -

21、- - - - - - - w/o without vs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of resulting in and / also + equal to / same as =

22、 following ff most importantly * less than especially esp/ 作者：ala_zyh2007-8-20 11:56 回复此发言2 回复：口译笔记速记符号归总一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F 拿掉所有元音名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 2

23、0 页 - - - - - - - - - MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F 保留前几个字母INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK week RM room PL people F 根据发音R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT Apartment 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载

24、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Con

25、form CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Disco

26、unt DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP（T） Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载

27、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT Obtain ORD Ordinary PAT Patent PC Piece PK

28、G Packing PL People PLS Please POSN Position POSS （BL） Possible PROD Product 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat

29、RESPON Responsible SEC Section SITN Situation STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL Total U You UR Your 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - WK Week WL Will WT W

30、eight XL Extra large 二、字母、图像Z 表示 人people/person， 因为 Z 看上去像个人头， 它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ. C 表示政府，统治：government ，govern 希腊字母 C读/ga:ma/,近似 government, 所以就用 C来表示 govern, government.governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治： politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似 politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZ E 表示总数

31、：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。G 表示效率： efficient, effective.G为效率符号。Q 表示 通货膨胀 ：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A 表示农业 : agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商业： business. C 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation C中的 表示反对，字母C将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confronta

32、tion. W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是 work 的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而 W （Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee）。i 表示工业 : industry, industrial 字母 i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示举杯祝贺 . 如果在 U内填入 2， 就可以表示为bilateral（双边的） , 填入 3 表示为 trilateral（三边的） 。填入在 U中填入 1

33、表示 : Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m （multiple） 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个 / 表示谈判破裂。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - O 表示 国家 、 民族 、 领土 等： country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口， Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、 主办： chair, host, preside over.那么在此符号上加 Z 表示

34、主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc. T 表示 领导人 ： leader, head那么 head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting ，conference ， negotiation，seminar ，discussion，symposium k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示捕鱼业 等合 fishery 有关的词汇。O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwid

35、e, global, universal, etc. J 表示开心： pleasant, joyful， happy， excited, etc. L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc. O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc. 三、箭头g 表示到达、传达：go into

36、，arrive at，give to，send to ，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 表示屈服： submit to f 表示来自于：be/come from ，return ，receive from, etc. 表示追溯到： come/go back to，originate h 表示上升： up/upward/rise，increase ，arise ，ascend, etc. 表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch ，open, start, etc. 名师资料总结 - - -

37、精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 16 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 表示发展、加强、推进：develop ，strengthen， promote, etc 表示 波折 ：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 四、数学符号+ 表示 多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. +（ +2） 表示 多 的比较级： more +3 表示 多 的最高级： most 表示

38、少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示 错误 、 失误 和 坏 的概念： wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示 多于 概念： bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示 高 概念： superior to，surpass, etc. 1表示“多于”概念： bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2表示“高 ” 概念：

39、superior to，surpass, etc. 1表示“少于”概念： less/smaller ，etc.2表示“低”概念： inferior to，etc. =1表示“同等”概念：means ，that is to say ， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2表示“对手”概念： a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( )表示“在 .之间”： among, within, etc.1表示“不同”概念： be different from, etc. 2表示“无敌”概念： matchless, peerless, etc. 表示“大约”概念： about/around ，or so， approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 20 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - -