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1、1 英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及there be 句型一、S + V（主语不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如 come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：Did you go by sea ？你们走的是海路吗？No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why dont you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。He _ _
2、. 2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ last night? 3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 The rain _ _ two hours. . 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait ( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained ( )8. Did you watch the
3、basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play ( )9. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( )10. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was fol
4、lowing B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow 二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 常见的系动词有 be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem 等。如： All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned
5、sour. 牛奶变酸了。翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他 感 到 有 点 累 。 _2. 这 听 起 来 是 个 好 主 意 。_ 3. 海伦在家吗？ _ 三、S + V + O（主语及物动词宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：Hes ha ving lunch. 他正在吃午餐。 He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。. 找出下列句子的宾语。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整
6、理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 1. He handed in his homework this morning. 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. 3. He forgot which way to go. 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 5. Ill do what I can. . 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing. 10. 我 不记 得事
7、 故是 什 么 时 候发 生的 。 I dont remember _ the accident _. 四、S + V + IO + DO （主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语 +to / for+间接宾语. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me
8、 her telephone number. 2. Bring me some water, please. 3. I ll make you some fresh tea. 4. He sang us a folk song. 5. She showed me her paintings. . 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little si
9、ster. 8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 【温馨提示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有 give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, s
10、ell, email 等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us? 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for 引导的短语，如buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My uncle bought a watch for me. 五、S + V + O + OC （主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完
11、整。 宾语补足语通常由形容词、 副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing 形式等充当。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 1. They
12、 call their daughter Mary. 2. Don t leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy. . 翻译下面的汉语句子。6. 他们请我和他们一道去。 _ 7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。_ 8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？ _ 六、there be 句型there be句型主要用来表示 “ 某地有某物或某人 ” 。如果 be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语， be动词的选用需要遵循 “ 就近原则 ” 。如：T
13、here is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。 如：现在有there is/are 过去有there w
14、as/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有there has/have been 可能有there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过 去 曾 经 有there used to be 似 乎 有there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：. 单项选择( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week. A. was B.
15、were C. will be D. are ( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon. A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him. A. is B. was C. seems D. are ( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _? A. won t itB. won t th
16、ere C. isnt itD. aren t there( ) 5. There _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was B. were C. have been D. are . 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。_ _ _ _ a shop on the corner of the street. 11.恰好那时房里没人。_
17、 _ _ _ nobody in the house then. 21.-Have you read this book ? -Yes. But that one is _ worth reading .I suggest you read it . A. well B. best C. more D. better 22. Put everything _ to you in your bag . A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong 23. I was given three books on cooking , the firs
18、t_ I really enjoyed . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 24. Only after my friend came _ . A . did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired D. the co
19、mputer was repaired 25. He was _ by his colleagues though he himself did not think he had done anything special. A. thought little of B. thought poorly C. highly thought of D. thought highly 26. The old temple_ roof was damaged in a storm is under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 27. Take i
20、t easy. You will soon _ health when you get home. A. pick out B. pick up C. get up D. put up 28. _ meeting held last night was _ great success. A. A ; a B. A ; / C. The; a D. The; / 29. The computer _ tonight . You had better come to get it tomorrow. A. will mend B. will be mended C. mended D. was m
21、ending 30. He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 31. They went through the forest yesterday_ the lost child. A. search for B. in search of C. in search for D. searched for 32. There is no doubt _ our monitor is
22、responsible for this action. A. if B. how C. that D. why 33. The young couple consider_ a computer , which is considered_ a great help in their work. A. to buy; to be B. buying; to be C. to buy; being D. buying; being 34. John , a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $ 3,000 more th
23、an he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned 35. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. needn t have attendedC. mustn t have attendedD. shouldnt have attended1. 老板对员工很刻薄。The boss his employees.
24、 2. The thief (被关进监狱 ) for stealing a few expensive cars. 3. It is _ that _ your best friend. 我才是你最好的朋友。4. Mom _ _ _ about where to have her holiday. 关于去哪里度假，妈妈改变了主意。5. 曾有一段时期，中国使用外国的石油_ _ _ _ _ Chinese used foreign oil. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -