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1、A sunshade 104 _ 第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend 库克船长箭传说It was a great legend while it lasted， but DNA testing has (1) finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook(2) who died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779. There is (3) noCook
2、 in the Australian Museum， museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its (4) exhibition， Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum, whi
3、ch(5) doesinclude a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani opu u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain s great explorers and is credited with(6) discoveringthe Great South Land，(7) now Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands， now Hawaii。The 1egend of Cook s arro
4、w began in 1824 (8) when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams， a London surgeon and relative of Cook s wife， saying it was made of Cook s bone after the fatal(9) fight with islanders. In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continu
5、ed (10) until it came face=to-face with science. DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook s bone but was more (11) likely made of animal bone。 said Philp. However, Cook s fans (12) refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and
6、 that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook s body was(13) buried at sea in 1 779. On this occasion technology has won， said Cliff Thornton， president of the Captain Cook Society, in a (14) statement from Britain. But I am (15) sure that one of the
7、se days one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day. 第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety雪崩和它的安全An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are (1 ) among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and p
8、roperty. All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope (2 ) that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is (3 )likely to cause an avalanche, (4 )is a complex task involving the evaluati
9、on of a number of factors. Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (5)risk of avalanche. Snow does not (6 )gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not (7 ) flow easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence
10、when the snows angle of rest is (8)between 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is (9) flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, re
11、gardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with (10) use ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur. Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is
12、a continuous (11)process , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather (12)conditions, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also(13 ) reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid
13、(14) attention to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are （ 15 ） missingor damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigge
14、r an avalanche. 第三篇Germs on Banknotes纸币上的病菌People in different countries use different types of (1)moneyyuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use(2)differentcurrencies, but these countries, and probably all cou
15、ntries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes. Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th(3)century, some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at
16、the germs on the currency 4 within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 countries. Vriesekoop3is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populat
17、ions found on money 6 gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 becausethose businesses often rely on cash. Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria - no
18、more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most - about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm. What we call paper money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 cotton .Different cou
19、ntries may use different 9 materialsto print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 teamsuch as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers. The three 11 currencieswith the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They inclu
20、ded the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos. The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 germshave a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do mo
21、re studies to understand how germs live on money-and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills. Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We shoul
22、d wash our 15handsafter touching it; after all5, you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it 第四篇Animal s “Sixth Sense” 动物的 第六个感 A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animal
23、s, （ 1 ） however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that I they possess a sixth sense for （ 2 ） disasters, experts said. Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island s coast clear
24、ly （ 3 ）missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found. No elephants are dead, not （ 4 ） even dead rabbit. I think animals can （ 5 ） sensedisaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening. H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka s Wildlife Department, said about one month a
25、fter the tsunami attack. The （ 6 ） waveswashed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka s biggest wildlife （ 7 ）reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. There has been a lot of （ 8 ） apparentevidence about dogs barking or
26、birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven, said Matthew van Lierop an animal behavior（ 9 ） specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. There have been no （ 10 ） specific studies because you can t really test it in a la b or field setting2, he told Reuters. Other author
27、ities concurred with this （ 11 ） assessment. Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain （ 12 ）phenomenon, especially birds there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters, said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife. Animals （ 13 ） certainly rely on the known
28、senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. The notion of an animal sixth sense-or （ 14 ）some other mythical power-is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls （ 15 ） as omens of impending disaster and many ancien
29、t cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes. 第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind警报器救盲人If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building - and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that （ 1 ）with directi
30、onal sound alarms capable if guiding you to the exit. Sound Alert, a company （ 2 ） run bythe University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for （ 3 ） blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.（ 4 ） The alarmsproduce a wide range of frequencies that
31、 enable the brain to determine where the （ 5 ） sound is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be （ 6 ）heardby humans. It s a burst of white noise （ 7 ） thatpeople say sounds like static on the radio, she says. Its life- saving potent
32、ial is great.She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large （ 8 ） smoke-filled room. It （ 9 ） took them nearly four minutes to find the door （ 10 ） without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how
33、the brain （ 11 ）processessounds at the university. She says that the （ 12 ） sourceof a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms （ 13 ） based on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles. The alarms will also include risi
34、ng or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up （ 14 ） or down stairs. They were（ 15 ） developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels. 第六篇Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely汽车小偷可能很远地被停止Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. Bu
35、t he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine1off , he will not be able to start it again. For now, such devices 2 are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist
36、 vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3shouldbe available to ordinary cars in the UK 4in two months. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates5 a miniature cellphone, a microprocess
37、or and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6Ifthe car is stolen, a coded 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - A sunshade 104 _ cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle s engine management system and
38、prevent the engine 7 being restarted. There are even plans for immobilizers 8thatshut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 life harder for car thieves. The pattern of vehicles crime
39、 has changed, says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 bythe motor insurance industry. He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is mor
40、e than 10 years old. Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12 allowthem to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 have helpedachieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime
41、since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner s keys double the previous year s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization sy
42、stem would 14 put a major new obstacle in the criminal s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could goon the market sooner than the 15 customer expects. 第七篇An inte
43、lligent car一辆聪明的汽车Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all (1) theseand can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself? There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver ha
44、s eyes,brains， hands and feet ， too. The mini-cameras (2 ) on each side of the car are his eyes, which observe the road and conditions ahead of it. They watch the (3) traffic to the car s left and right. There is also a highly (4) automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, whi
45、ch is the virtual driver s brain. His brain calculates the speeds of (5) other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right (6) path for the intelligent cars, and gives (7 )instructionsto the hands and feets to act accordingly. In this way, the v
46、irtual driver controls his car. What is the virtual driver s best advantage? He reacts (8 ) quickly. The mini-cameras are (9 ) sendingimages continuously to the brain . It (10 ) completesthe processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the worlds best drier (11) at leastneeds one secon
47、d to react. (12) Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident (13) rate considerably on expressway. In this case. Can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts (14) warn that we cannot do that just y
48、et. His ability to recognize things is still (15) limited. He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways. 第八篇A Biological Clock一个生物时钟Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells (1) plantswhen to form flowers and when the
49、 flowers should open1. It tells (2) insectswhen to leave the protective cocoon茧 and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake. Events outside the plant and animal (3) affectthe actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny an
50、imal changes the color of its fur (4) because ofthe number of hours of daylight. In the short (5) days of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer. Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind o