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1、“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。一、常考的十类动词及词组一、常考的十类动词及词组1 1连系动词连系动词特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:示的意义可分为以下四种:(1)(1)变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,如变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, become, go,
2、 turn, grow, get, fall, comecome等。等。(2)(2)感官类,表人体部位的感受,如感官类,表人体部位的感受,如feel, feel, smell, taste, looksmell, taste, look,soundsound等。等。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。 (3)状态类,表事物所处的状态,如状态类,表事物所处的状态,如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove, turn out等。等。
3、(4)外表特征类,表外表给人的印象,如外表特征类,表外表给人的印象,如appear, look, seem等。等。 2感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。语,表达不同的含义。常考的使役动词有常考的使役动词有make, have, let, keep等。等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不
4、同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。如:式作补足语,表达不同的含义。如:“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。 He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting 【解析】 D catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”,doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 可接现在分词
5、作宾语补足语的动词还有: feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。 3.3.不用被动语态的动词及动词短语不用被动语态的动词及动词短语 英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。 (1)(1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征,某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表
6、示主语的某种属性特征,不用被动。不用被动。 这类动词有:这类动词有:sell, wash, write, last, read, wearsell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如:等。如:This new product sells well. This new product sells well. 这种新厂品很畅销。这种新厂品很畅销。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用。这种布耐洗而且耐用
7、。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。畅。 Written in simple English, this article reads easily. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的,所以读起来很容易。
8、因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的,所以读起来很容易。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。(2)(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有:式表示被动意义。这类动词有:open(open(打开,打开,营业营业) ),close(close(关门关门) ),shut(shut(关闭关闭) ),cut(cut(切切割割) ),weigh(weigh(重重) ),act(act(上演上演) )等。如:等。如:T
9、his shop opens much earlier than it This shop opens much earlier than it used to. used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。这家商店比过去开门更早了。Each stone weighs two tons. Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头每块石头重达两吨。重达两吨。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。(3)某些不及物动词及词组,本身表被动含义,所以某些
10、不及物动词及词组,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。它们常用主动形式。这类动词及词组有:这类动词及词组有:happen(发生发生), occur (发生发生), cost, take place (发生发生)come out(出版出版),turn up(被找到被找到),come into being(产生产生),come to ones mind(想起想起),come into use(开始使用开始使用), turn out(证明是证明是),come about(发生发生),break out(爆发爆发),belong to(属于属于),come up(被提出被提出), be worth(
11、值得做值得做), be to blame(受责备受责备)等。如:等。如:“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。The first textbooks written for The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th language came out in the 18
12、th century. century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于1818世纪。世纪。Suddenly an idea came to his mind. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个主意。他突然想到一个主意。Who is to blame for breaking the Who is to blame for breaking the vase?vase?打碎花瓶应由谁负责?打碎花瓶应由谁负责?The problem finally came up at the The problem fi
13、nally came up at the meeting. meeting. 这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。Even the best theory can turn out (to Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong. be) wrong. 即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。 (4)(4)“ “主语
14、系动词形容词不定式主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。句式中。 当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语又充当不定式当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有:义。常用于这一结构的形容词有:easy, hard, easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensivedifficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如:等。如: The physics problem is easy to work out.The physics
15、 problem is easy to work out. 这道物理题很容易算出来。这道物理题很容易算出来。 A guide is expensive to employ. A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。雇用向导花钱很多。 This kind of fish is not fit to eat. This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。这种鱼不适合吃。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“
16、群众性治安防控工程”。 4接动名词作宾语的动词或词组接动名词作宾语的动词或词组 常见的有:常见的有:avoid, cant help, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, fancy, keep, mind, miss, practise/practice, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。等。如:如: The bird was lucky to escape being caught. 这只鸟幸运地逃离了被
17、捕抓的命运。这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。 He is always practising/practicing playing the piano after school.他经常放学后练习弹钢他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。琴。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。 5 5接不定式作宾语的动词接不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有:常见的有:afford, agree, aim, arrange, afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose
18、, decide, demand, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuserefuse,wantwant等。如:等。如: He cant afford to buy such an He cant afford to buy such an expensive car.expensi
19、ve car. 他买不起这么贵的车。他买不起这么贵的车。 Tom managed to cut down dozens of Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.trees. 汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。 6 6表示表示 “需要需要”意义的动词意义的动词 这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,但两者均可表示被动
20、含义。它们是:但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是:need, want, need, want, requirerequire等。如:等。如:Your sick mother Your sick mother needs needs looking afterlooking after. .Your sick mother Your sick mother needs to needs to be looked after.be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。你病弱的母亲需要照顾。 7 7接虚拟语气的动词接虚拟语气的动词 有些动词表示有些动词表示“应该应该( (或命令、建议、要求
21、等或命令、建议、要求等)”)”时,其时,其后的宾语从句用后的宾语从句用shouldshould加动词原形,其中加动词原形,其中shouldshould常常可省略。可省略。 它们是:它们是:order, suggest, insist, advise, order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, proposedemand, request, require, propose等。如:等。如: Peter suggested that Tom Peter suggested that Tom gogo there at onc
22、e. there at once. 彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。Our teacher requires this Our teacher requires this be donebe done in no time. in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。我们老师要求这个立刻完成。8 8表示表示“计划未能实现计划未能实现”的动词的动词 此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定此类动词常用过去
23、完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气,表达原来的计划未能实现。它式的完成式表虚拟语气,表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是:们是:intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, supposethink, want, suppose等。如:等。如: I I had meant to tell youhad meant to tell you about it yesterday, about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevente
24、d me. but the snowstorm prevented me. They They hoped to have stayedhoped to have stayed there a week, there a week, but they couldnt because of another but they couldnt because of another important meeting.important meeting.“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性
25、治安防控工程”。 9 9现在表将来类现在表将来类 这类动词这类动词( (词组词组) )常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是:它们是:come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take offbegin, fall, see, stay, take off等。如:等。如: Your plane Your plane takes offtakes off at a quarter past two at
26、a quarter past two in the afternoon. in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。 I I am comingam coming to that. to that. The National Day The National Day is drawing nearis drawing near. . 1010带介词带介词toto的动词短语的动词短语 带介词带介词toto的动词短语有:的动词短语有:be (get) used to, lead be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto
27、, look forward to, stick to, to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt toobject to, get down to, adapt to等。当它们后等。当它们后面出现动词时,要用面出现动词时,要用v v. ing. ing形式。形式。“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语
28、1.1.以以breakbreak为中心为中心break away frombreak away from脱离,逃离脱离,逃离break down break down 出故障,崩溃,粉碎,瓦解出故障,崩溃,粉碎,瓦解break in break in 闯进,打断闯进,打断break into break into 闯入;强行进入闯入;强行进入break out break out 爆发,发生爆发,发生break off break off 打断,断绝,折断;打断,断绝,折断; 突然终止突然终止break through break through 突破;克服突破;克服break up brea
29、k up 破碎;解散,分解;结束破碎;解散,分解;结束The plan _ just because people were unwilling to The plan _ just because people were unwilling to cooperate.cooperate.A. turned down A. turned down B. pulled down B. pulled down C. broke downC. broke down D. put downD. put down “雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以
30、网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。2.2.以以bringbring为中心为中心bring about bring about 导致,引起,促使导致,引起,促使bring back bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复带回,使回忆,使恢复bring down bring down 使下降,打垮,击落使下降,打垮,击落bring forward bring forward 提出;提前提出;提前bring in bring in 把把带进来;引进;挣得带进来;引进;挣得( (收入收入) )bring on bring on 导致,引起,使发展导致,引起
31、,使发展bring out bring out 使显现;出版使显现;出版bring up bring up 抚养,养育,培养抚养,养育,培养* *Now Id like to _ the question of funds.Now Id like to _ the question of funds.A. bring about A. bring about B. bring downB. bring down C. bring forwardC. bring forward D. bring inD. bring in “雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综
32、治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。3.3.以以callcall为中心为中心call at call at 访问访问( (某地某地) );停泊在;停泊在call away call away 叫走;把叫走;把( (注意力注意力) )转移开转移开call for call for 需要,要求;接需要,要求;接( (某人某人) ),迎,迎call in call in 召集,收集;下令收回召集,收集;下令收回call off call off 取消,下令停止取消,下令停止call on call on 要求,恭请;号召;拜访要求,恭请;号召
33、;拜访( (某人某人) )call out call out 下令罢工;召唤出动下令罢工;召唤出动call up call up 打电话给打电话给;召集;使想起;召集;使想起 Can I do the job? Can I do the job? Im afraid not, because it _ skill Im afraid not, because it _ skill and patience.and patience.A. calls forA. calls for B. asks for B. asks for C. sends for D. cares forC. sends
34、 for D. cares for “雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。4.4.以以carrycarry为中心为中心carry away carry away 冲走,带走;冲昏某人头脑冲走,带走;冲昏某人头脑carry back carry back 拿回,运回;使想起拿回,运回;使想起carry off carry off 成功地对付;获得成功地对付;获得( (奖品奖品) )carry on carry on 坚持,继续,进行坚持,继续,进行carry out c
35、arry out 贯彻,执行,实施贯彻,执行,实施carry through carry through 坚持到底,进行到底;履行坚持到底,进行到底;履行( (承诺承诺) )The audience were _ by her beautiful song.The audience were _ by her beautiful song.A. carried awayA. carried away B. carried on B. carried on C. carried out C. carried out D. carried through D. carried through “雪
36、亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。5.5.以以comecome为中心为中心come about come about 发生发生come across come across 偶尔发现;偶然遇到偶尔发现;偶然遇到come back come back 回来;恢复,复原回来;恢复,复原come off come off ( (头发、牙齿、纽扣头发、牙齿、纽扣) )脱落,离开脱落,离开come on come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展上演;开始;赶快;发展come ou
37、t come out 出来;发芽;出版;结果是;说出出来;发芽;出版;结果是;说出come over come over 访问;突然感到访问;突然感到come round/around come round/around 苏醒;拜访;再次发生苏醒;拜访;再次发生come to an end come to an end 终止,结束终止,结束come to life come to life 苏醒苏醒come to light come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来明朗化,出现,显露出来come to oneself come to oneself 恢复常态恢复常态“雪亮工程是以区(
38、县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。when it comes to when it comes to 就就而论,谈到而论,谈到come true come true 实现,成为现实实现,成为现实come up come up 走近;发生;发芽;走近;发生;发芽;( (问题问题) )被提出被提出* *When it _ tennis, you cant beat her.When it _ tennis, you cant beat her.A. come about B. come
39、 across A. come about B. come across C. come outC. come out D. come toD. come to * *I simply couldnt understand how it _ that you I simply couldnt understand how it _ that you did so much work within such a short time.did so much work within such a short time.A. came acrossA. came across B. came abo
40、utB. came about C. came upC. came up D. came back D. came back * *The truth will sooner or later _.The truth will sooner or later _. A. come about B. turn out A. come about B. turn out C. come outC. come out D. give out D. give out “雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为
41、重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。6.6.以以cutcut为中心为中心cut away cut away 切去,砍掉切去,砍掉cut down cut down 砍倒,削减,缩短砍倒,削减,缩短cut off cut off 切断,中断;阻碍,阻挡切断,中断;阻碍,阻挡cut out cut out 切下,剪下,裁下;删去切下,剪下,裁下;删去cut through cut through 开辟开辟( (出路等出路等) )cut up cut up 切碎,切掉;使悲伤切碎,切掉;使悲伤* *Eager to get thin, Ruth has decided to _ meat Eager to
42、 get thin, Ruth has decided to _ meat entirely for three years at least.entirely for three years at least.A. cut offA. cut off B. cut up C. cut out D. cut down B. cut up C. cut out D. cut down * *Jimmy was really _ when all his friends refused Jimmy was really _ when all his friends refused to help
43、him.to help him.A. cut away B. cut off C. cut outA. cut away B. cut off C. cut out D. cut upD. cut up“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。7.7.以以fallfall为中心为中心fall back fall back 撤退,后退撤退,后退fall behind fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面落后,落伍,落在后面fall down fall down 不够
44、好不够好fall in love with fall in love with 爱上爱上fall into fall into 陷入;养成陷入;养成fall off fall off 衰退,减少衰退,减少fall over fall over 被被绊倒绊倒* *Dont walk too near the edge of the cliff (Dont walk too near the edge of the cliff (悬岩悬岩), ), you might _ . you might _ . A Ablow overblow over B Bfall overfall over C C
45、carry off Dcarry off Dcut off cut off “雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。8.8.以以getget为中心为中心get about get about 徘徊,走动;流传徘徊,走动;流传get across get across 使被理解使被理解get along get along 前进,进步;离去,相处前进,进步;离去,相处get around get around 走动;传播走动;传播get away get away 离开,
46、逃脱离开,逃脱get back get back 取回,回来;报复取回,回来;报复get down to get down to 认真对待,静下心来认真对待,静下心来get out of get out of 由由出来,从出来,从得出;避免;放弃得出;避免;放弃get over get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成get rid of get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱除去,去掉;免除,摆脱get through get through 拨通;到达;完成;通过;及格拨通;到达;完成;通过;及格get up get up 起床,起立;忙于,从事起床
47、,起立;忙于,从事“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。9.9.以以givegive为中心为中心give away give away 赠送;失去;泄露赠送;失去;泄露/ /透露透露( (秘密等秘密等) );背弃;背弃;颁发,分发颁发,分发 give back give back 归还;还给;归还;使恢复归还;还给;归还;使恢复give in give in 屈服,让步,投降屈服,让步,投降give sth in (to sb)give sth in (to sb)
48、呈上;交上呈上;交上give in to sb/sth give in to sb/sth 向某人向某人/ /某物让步;屈服于某物让步;屈服于give out give out 分发;公布;发出;用完,耗尽分发;公布;发出;用完,耗尽give off give off 发出发出( (光、烟、气味等光、烟、气味等) )give out give out 用完,消耗尽;分发用完,消耗尽;分发give way (to) give way (to) 屈服于;给屈服于;给让路,为让路,为所代替所代替give up give up 放弃;停止放弃;停止“雪亮工程是以区(县)、乡(镇)、村(社区)三级综治中
49、心为指挥平台、以综治信息化为支撑、以网格化管理为基础、以公共安全视频监控联网应用为重点的“群众性治安防控工程”。【活学活用】 (1)(1) Believe in yourself and never _(Believe in yourself and never _(屈服屈服) ) (2)(2) The authorities have shown no signs of The authorities have shown no signs of _(_(向向屈服屈服) the kidnappers demands.) the kidnappers demands. (3)(3) The r
50、oom is _(The room is _(发出发出) a musty smell.) a musty smell. (4)(4) They are _(They are _(赠送赠送) prizes at the new store.) prizes at the new store. (5)(5) What shall we use for power when all the oil in the What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _(world has _(用完用完)?)? (6)(6) The