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1、语法部分第二部分语法专题讲析专题一名词考点一名词的固定搭配2016 天津The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。2015 江苏Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。1动词 have，keep，
2、take，make，get，pay，play，give，put 等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of了解have a sense of 有意识have a feeling of有感觉have access to 可以获得have an advantage over 胜过，优于keep a balance 保持平衡take.into account考虑take advantage of利用；趁之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用；妥善处理get/lose contact with与取得/
3、失去联系get relief 得到缓解give a solution给出解决方案put.into practice将付诸行动名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand需求量很大in quantity 大量，大批in progress在进行中in production 在产量方面out of ones reach某人够不到out of touch 失去联系out of s
4、ight 看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来without permission 未经允许考点二名词的单复数2015 江苏Go and say sorry to your Mom ，Dave. Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my apology/apologies. 戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。Leaves turn green in spring. 春天树叶变绿了。1单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则一般情况加 s， 以 s， x， sh， ch 等结尾，加es， 例如：bu
5、ses ， boxes，dishes ，watches等(stomachs例外)。(1)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，将 y 变为 i 再加 es，例如：families，butterflies，dictionaries，stories等。(2)以o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s，但中学英语中下列名词要加 es ， 它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、 西红柿， 即 Negroes， heroes ， echoes ，potatoes ，tomatoes 。但下列以 o结尾的名词既可以加 es，也可以加 s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)
6、蚊子， volcanos(volcanoes) 火山。(3)以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s，例如： roofs 和believes等。但下列以 f 或fe 结尾的名词需要把f 或 fe 去掉，加 ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 两半，即 selves ，lives，thieves ，wives，knives，le
7、aves，shelves ，wolves，halves 。但下列以 f 结尾的名词既可以去掉f 加 ves，也可以直接加 s，它们是：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves) 手帕， scarfs (scarves) 围巾。(4)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons inlaw 女婿； passers by过路人； storytellers 讲故事的人； breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。2常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人； Japanese 日本人； sheep绵羊；de
8、er鹿；series系列； means方式； works 工厂； fish 鱼；fruit 水果； crossroads十字路口； horsepower马力；jin 斤等。其中 fish，fruit 表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。2018 高考一轮总复习教师用书 英语第二部分语法专题讲析考点三抽象名词具体化2014 辽宁Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday
9、. Yes，news came as a shock to me. 杭州英雄司机昨天去世了。是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。考点总结单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty 美；美丽美丽的人或美好的事物comfort 安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - danger 危
10、险危险的人或因素delight 高兴令人高兴的事failure 失败失败的人或事物surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock 震惊令人震惊的事情pride 骄傲令人骄傲的事情名词与语法填空在语法填空中， 对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换。典题试做 1 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空12016 全国But for tourists like me，pandas are its top _(attract) 22016 全国The nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister so that w
11、hile one is being bottle fed. 32016 全国Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _ (achieve) 42016 全国Recent _ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 52016 四川Any smell might attract natural _ (enemy) that would try to eat
12、the little panda. 答案： 1.attraction2.days3.achievement 4studies5.enemies 应对策略 1 首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法， 即有关名词的词类转换。 这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名词与短文改错短文改错中对于名词的考
13、查最可能考查名词的数与格。汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示。而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外， 如果是可数名词， 还须用其名词复数形式， 而不可数名词没有复数形式。其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误。典题试做 2 单句改错 (每小题 1 处错误 ) 1 2016 全 国 My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest._ 22016 全国If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we c
14、annot get from books._ 32016 全国The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me._ 42016 四川 Mom has a full time job，but she has to do most of the houseworks._ 答案： 1.honest honesty2.knowledges knowledge 3yearyears4.houseworkshousework 应对策略 2 遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动
15、词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1写作中对于复数名词易疏漏s或es，如：(误)Id love to make friend with you. (误)All the picture displayed are of geat value. 2 部分名词的复数变化错误， 如：familys， knifes， difficultys ， pianoes ， heros，woman doctors ，tooths，childrens，medias。3部分词性易混作名词，如：动词误作名词形容词误作名词名师资料总结
16、- - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 动词名词形容词名词succeed success honest honesty affect effect healthy health 4.可数与不可数名词混淆。如：不可数可数take action take measures some advice some suggestions take exercise eye exercises make progress information .
17、单句语法填空12017 广东汕头二模 Without the proper treatment，minor_(injury) or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives. 2 2017 山 东 青 岛 一 模 They were the kind that I did not have in my_(collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag. 3 2017 山东烟台 3 月诊断Three months later， Zejd was able to communica
18、te happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and_(game) 42017 江苏泰兴质检 For sustainable development，the government has decided to give_(prefer) to those energy conserving and environmentfriendly businesses in many aspects. 52017 江苏运河中学一调 Mr Wang is a man of few words，but quick
19、in mind. A still tongue makes a wise_ ，you know. 答案：1.injuries解析： 句意：如果得不到妥善治疗，轻伤或轻度烧伤可能会导致更大的痛苦甚至死亡。 形容词后需加名词作主语， injury 为可数名词，minor没有不定冠词，故需用injury 的复数形式 injuries 表示泛指。2collection解析： 句意：因为它们是我收藏中没有的那种，因此我把它名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 -
20、- - - - - - - - 们小心地放在了我的包里。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，故答案为collection。3games解析： 句意：三个月后， Zejd 能够和他的同班同学很愉快地对诸如家庭作业、游戏等常规事情进行交流了。介词like 后需用名词形式， game为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用其复数形式。4preference解析：句意：为了可持续发展，政府已经决定在很多方面给那些节能环保企业优惠。give preference to. 给以优惠。5head解析： 句意： 王先生寡言少语但思维敏捷。你知道：寡言者智。 A still tongue makes a wise hea
21、d. 为谚语，意为：寡言者智。.单句改错12017 福建南平 3 月质检 Often she buys some toy for him to play with，especially on his birthday._ 22017 河北邯郸一模 During the next few days，we visited the worldfamous sight，such as the Great Wall ，the Summer Palace ，and the Forbidden City ，which contain a large number of precious treasures.
22、_ 32017 河南焦作一模 While I was walking on my way to school，I noticed two cleaner sweeping the street._ 42017 湖北黄冈 3 月质检 And then I went to a department store near the hospitals and contacted her family._ 52017 江西八所重点中学4 月联考 We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day._ 答案： 1.toytoys2.sightsights
23、3.cleaner cleaners4.hospitals hospital5.kindkindness .语法填空A(名词专练 ) It was late at night.Two 1._(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly， one of them， Mrs. Green， was woken up and found a thief slipping into their 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - -
24、 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - room to try his luck.She had three 2._(thousand) dollars in her pocket.“What should I do？Many 3._(thief) usually bring 4._(knife) with them，”she thought in 5._(silent)And at the same time the thief happened to touch a 6._(sport) suit.It seemed as if he found there was
25、someone in the room ， so he went out to the next room where two 7._(Frenchman)were sleeping.When he was looking for 8._(money) or some 9._(jewel) in the next room，Mrs.Green woke up her husband quickly and called the 10._(policeman)And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he to
26、ok out a knife.Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away ，the police caught him.For Mrs. Green ，it was really an unusual experience. 答案： 1.Germans 2.thousand3.thieves 4knives5.silence6.sports7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.police B 2017 河北石家庄高三调研 We think that life in Chinese hig
27、h school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams.Yet would it be 1._(surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China? In US high school，everything 2._(record) and graded ，including your grades on quizz
28、es，tests and final examinations.Failing 3._(turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course.Perhaps contrary to 4._we used to think of the US high school students， they pay great attention to their 5._(academy) performance to try to get into distinguished universi
29、ty.6._ ，theyll be disappointed after graduation from high school. Like university students，the US high school students have the 7._(free) to choose the courses that most interest 8._(they)Even a 9th grader can sit 9._the same classroom as 12th graders.But this also means he or she has to work very h
30、ard，because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years 10._(young) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 答案： 解题导语 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的高中生活。1surprising解析：考查分词形容词。 此处是现在分词作形容词， 意为“令人吃惊的 ”，
31、符合语境。2is recorded解析： 考查动词的时态和语态。 everything 和谓语 record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded ，与 graded呼应。3to turn解析： 考查非谓语动词。 fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事 ”，为固定搭配。4what解析： 考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。5 academic解析： 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词， 故用形容词 academic修饰名词 performance ，作定语。6Otherwise解析： 考查副词。
32、根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为 “否则”，作状语。7 freedom解析： 考查名词。由定冠词 the 可知， 此处应用名词，即 freedom。8them解析：考查代词。此处应用宾语形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用 them。9in解析：考查介词。 in the classroom意为“在教室里 ”，符合语境，故用介词 in。10younger解析： 考查形容词比较级。根据上文可知，9 年级和 12 年级的学生相比，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -