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1、 1 初中定语从句一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once
2、 lived. 二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。 关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I don t like people who talk much but do little. The cars （which are produced in Hubei Province） sell very well. 2. 作宾语：She is the person that
3、 I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语I ll never forget the day when I first came to Be
4、ijing. This is the house where I was born. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has
5、come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语
6、。例如：I ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day wh
7、en I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten ye
8、ars. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用 which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或
9、被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2. 只能用 which ，不用 that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was e
10、xactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 【中考范例】1. (20XX年哈尔滨中考试题) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 2. (20XX年常州市中考试题) The letter _ I received from him yesterday
11、 is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 3. (20XX年扬州市中考试题) -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 4. (20XX年益阳市中考试题) I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 精选学习资料 - -
12、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigne
13、r _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didn t come to the mee
14、ting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White
15、, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which 11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 13. This is the house _ our beloved Pre
16、mier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where 15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when 2 初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从
17、句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that ，which ，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页who （宾格 whom ，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从
18、句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 （ that作主语） The coat （that ） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 （that作宾语） 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The bu
19、ilding which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film （which ） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。 （作宾语） 3.who ，whom用于指人， who 用作主语， whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替 whom ， 也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩
20、是英国人。（作主语） Who is the teacher （whom ） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that ，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。精选学习资料 - -
21、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、 基数词、 形容词最高级时，只
22、能用that ，而不用which. 例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为all ， any ， much， many， everything， anything， none ，the one等不定代词时，只能用that ，而不用which. 例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same ， the last， litt
23、le， few 等词修饰时，只能用that ，而不用which. 例如： This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that ， 而不用 which. 例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以 who或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭
24、泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that ，而不用which. 例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which ，而不用that 的情况： a. 先行词为that ， those时，用 which ， 而不用 that.例如： Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which ，而不用 that.例如： This is the room in w
25、hich he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which ， 而不用 that.例如： Tom came back ， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is pla
26、ce where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。练习题I. 单项填空 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes ， he s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in
27、 which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agree
28、s B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which； is B. whom ； was C. who ； is D. who
29、 ； was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页 A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 、用适当的关系代词that ， which ， who， whom填空。 1. T
30、he first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didn t you see the man _I talked with just now？3 宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句
31、，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that引导的宾语从句。That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
32、这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don t know why the train is late. 3. 由 if或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked m
33、e whether (if) I could help him. 二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting. 三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态
34、是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I don t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you
35、 had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she li
36、ves C. where did she live D. where she lived Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game I don t know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave
37、 -We don t know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 一. 单项填空1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_. A.
38、what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页4. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes sh
39、opping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which 6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son
40、came home 7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what 9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly
41、. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office 10. -Can I help you? -Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon
42、 will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomor
43、row, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit 13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what 14. You cant imagine _when they received these nice Christmas
44、presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页A. that B. when C. where D. whether 16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I don
45、t know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting 17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you a
46、re doing D. what are you doing 18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had
47、 had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had 20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when 4 状语从句【考点直击】1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原
48、因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little
49、 Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页He wont be
50、lieve it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3) 在带有 till或 until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out. Let s wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops. 2.