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1、Module4 unit4n现在分词做状语V-ing做主语做主语,宾语宾语,补语补语,表语的表语的用法用法 1. Coming late for school is a bad habit.2.We should aviod coming late for school.3.The bad weather keeps the flight coming late.4.They are exciting .5. Coming late, the girl missed the train.6.The man running over there is our chairman7.hearing
2、the news, he couldnt help laughing.8.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.9.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.10.Her husband died, leaving her four children.11.Working hard, youll surely succeed语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not
3、) being done(not)having done(not)having been done V-ing 形式做状语形式做状语n1. 做时间状语n2. 做原因状语n3. 做条件状语n4. 做让步状语n5. 表示方式或伴随情况n6. 做结果状语n7. 评论性状语可以表示时间可以表示时间, 原因原因, 结果结果, 条件条件, 行行为方式或伴随动作等为方式或伴随动作等。1).Using your head, youll find a good way. Working hard, youll surely succeed.条件状语条件状语If you use your headIf you w
4、ork hard2). Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. Not knowing her address, we cant get in touch with her.(原因原因)Because he was poorAs we dont know her address3). Walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop.4). His father died, leaving the family even worse off.时间时间When I was walking in the street.结
5、果结果and this left the family even worse off 5) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. 6) He came running back to tell me the news. 伴随状语伴随状语方式方式 7.Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. =If you work ha
6、rd at your lessons, you are to succeed.8.Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself. =Although I know all this, I still want to see it for myself. 评论性状语评论性状语 有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。 generally speaking 一般来说 strictly speaking 严格来说 r
7、oughly speaking 大致来说 broadly speaking 广义上来说 narrowly speaking 狭义上来说 judging from/ by 由.判断 considering 考虑到 frankly speaking 坦率地说 personally speaking 就个人而言 supposing 如果现在分词作状语的几种形式现在分词作状语的几种形式1.一般形式：一般形式：现在分词的动作和谓语动词的现在分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生用：动作同时发生用：doing Hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.2. 完成式：
8、完成式：当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生用分词的完成式：作发生用分词的完成式：having done Having finished the class, she went home.3. 进行被动式：进行被动式：being done Being criticised（批评）（批评） by the teacher, the boy hung his head.4. 完成被动式：完成被动式：having been done Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder. Not having received
9、the reply, he decided to write another one.注意：注意： 1. 当当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：作之前时，应使用完成式：having doneHaving finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. 当当v-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应使用被动式：的动宾关系时，应使用被动式：being doneBeing helped by the teacher, s
10、he will learn English well.3. 当当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：having been doneHaving been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.4. 独立主格结构：独立主格结构：Spring coming on, th
11、e trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall.He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.2. 作状语的作状语的V-ing 形式和句子之间通常有形式和句子之间通常有一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。 Studying hard, and you will pass the entrance exa
12、mination to college. Studying hard, you will pass the entrance examination to college. Study hard, and you will pass the entrance examination to college.FTT 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of th
13、e hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is p
14、layed in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking 1. The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very much _. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightenedChoose the best answer. 2
15、. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed
16、 C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 7. The bell _ the end
17、 of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 8. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 9. He lo
18、oked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; d
19、isappearing 11. _in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 13. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken