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1、专题六动词和动词短语1. (2014湖北卷)The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.A. developed B. establishedC. observed D. revised 2. (2014浙江卷)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _ the pain, believing that it
2、would go away sooner or later.A. share B. realizeC. ignore D. cause3. (2014天津卷)My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education.A. have B. attachC. accept D. pay4. (2014江西卷)I dont believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _ me.A. convince B. informC. guara
3、ntee D. refuse5. (2014福建卷)It is widely acknowledged that students should be_ in terms of overall quality.A. supported B. matchedC. evaluated D. controlled6. (2014江苏卷)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.A. remember B. remindC. recover D. recall7. (201
4、4江苏卷)Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies.A. chased B. registeredC. offered D. compensated8. (2014安徽卷)Shakespeares writing is still popular today. It has really _ the test of time.A. failed B. stoodC. taken D. conducted9. (2014安徽卷)When the sports hero _ at our party, he was welco
5、med with open arms.A. turned up B. left offC. moved on D. got away10. (2014安徽卷)Terry, please _ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.A. look up from B. look intoC. look back on D. look through1. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：旧的规则不得不修改，因为它们只适用于一百年前制定它们的环境。develop(发展)；establish(建立)；observe(观察；遵守)；revise(修改，改
6、进)。从“only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago”可知旧规则到了非改不可的地步了，故选D项。2. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：上周有个网球击中了我的头部，但是我努力不去理会疼痛，以为疼痛迟早会消失的。share(分享)；realize(意识到)；ignore(不理会，忽视); cause(导致)。3. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：我的父母亲很重视让我得到良好的教育。attach importance to(重视)。4. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我不相信你所说
7、的，但如果你能证明，你可能会使我相信。convince(使相信，使信服)；inform(告知)；guarantee(保证，担保)；refuse(拒绝)。5. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：人们普遍认为应该根据全面素质来评价学生。support(支持)；match(相配，比得上)；evaluate(评价，估价)；control(控制)。6. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：传说端午节最初是为了给屈原招魂。remember(记住)；remind(提醒)；recover(康复，恢复)；recall(回忆起；召回)。7. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：高才生受到各大公司的青睐，成为争相录用的对象。chase(
8、追逐，追求)；register(注册，登记)；offer(提供)常接双宾语；compensate(赔偿，补偿)。8. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：莎士比亚的作品到今天仍然很流行。它确实经受住了时间的考验。fail(失败，未能)；stand(站立；承受，经历，忍耐)；take(拿走)；conduct(执行)。9. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：当那位体育明星出现在我们晚会上的时候，人们张开手臂欢迎他。turn up(出现；调高)；leave off(停止)；move on(继续前进)；get away(离开，脱身，逃掉)。10. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：Terry，当奶奶和你说话的时候，从手机
9、上抬起头来(和别人说话时看手机是不礼貌的)。look up(查找；抬头看)；look into(调查，研究)；look back on(回顾；回忆)；look through(仔细检查；看穿)。动词(短语)词义的辨析一直是高考考查的重点，也是日常学习的难点。绝大多数情况下，这类题所给的四个选项即使可能以某动词为主体，但其含义各不相同，没有多少关联性，所以对题干和语境的理解是关键。偶尔也会有近义词的辨析。动词短语的辨析大致分为：同根动词短语辨析；同一介词或副词与不同动词搭配的辨析；无关联动词短语辨析；形近或近义动词短语的辨析。同时要注意连系动词的用法， 如remain, appear, stay
10、, fall, grow, turn, exist。要点储备一：热点动词与动词短语部分常考动词的含义achieve(获得), attract(吸引), adapt(适应；改编), attach(依附), behave(表现), check(核对), conclude(作结论；终止), contain(容纳), handle(处理), remind(提醒), sacrifice(牺牲), simplify(简化), sponsor(赞助), subscribe(订阅；赞同), substitute(代替), threaten(威胁)熟词新义cover(采访；够付；走过), fail(视力衰退，器
11、官衰弱), help(忍住) observe(庆祝；遵守), push(逼迫), save(省去), stand(忍受；经得住), tell(分辨，区分)常接“宾语宾语补足语”的动词； 常接不定式作宾语的动词；常接动词ing作宾语的动词； 常接“间接宾语直接宾语”结构的及物动词(详见非谓语动词表格)要点储备二：常用动词短语用法归纳add to ( 抽象名词) 增加，增进，增添 add.to把加进add up 相加 (表动作)add up to总计(表结果)agree on (双方或多方)就某事达成共识agree to同意计划、建议、安排； agree to do同意做agree withbre
12、ak away from打破，脱离(政党等)，挣脱，改掉break down出毛病； 身体(精神)衰弱； (化学)分解； 拆成(部分)；情绪失控break off暂停，中断break in强行进入 burst in; 插话 cut inbreak into闯入； 突然burst intobreak out(火灾、战争、争吵等突然)爆发； 突然开始burst outbreak through突破(the enemy line); 穿透(the clouds)break up捣碎； 拆散， 驱散，瓦解； 学期结束； 分手；婚姻失败； 物理分解bring about造成， 引起 lead tocon
13、tribute togive rise toresult incausebring back使回想起recallcall up; 带回来bring down使下降， 使降低 reduce；使倒下；拆毁 tear downbring forward提出 put forwardraise; 将提前set. forwardbring in引入，引进(技术、人才等)；赚进bring on使提高；引起，使发生bring out拿出；出版；阐明/显示出；生产bring up抚养； 呕吐； 提出 (an idea)call at拜访，参观(某地)call on号召，拜访(某人) call back 叫回来；
14、回电ring backrecallcall for去叫/接某人；要求；需要call in召集，请某人来(the enemy/a doctor/an expert)；紧急情况下招来 send forcall off取消，不举行cancelcall out (for help)大喊，高叫(呼救)call up使回忆起bring back；征召入伍be drafted into the armycarry about随身携带carry away拿走，抢走；吸引住某人(常用被动)carry out执行， 实施(a plan / a survey / an operation/an order)carr
15、y on继续go on with(a conversation/economic reform)carry off赢得，夺去(奖牌)；拿走check in报到；登记；投宿旅馆check out查明；结账；付款离开旅馆；从图书馆借出书check up核对，检验come about发生，出现 happen occur take placecome across偶然碰到/发现come along赶快；进展；随同come at到达；向扑来come back回来；回想起(物作主语)come down物价下跌；落；降；传下来come down with.突然得病come from来自，源自come for
16、为而来come in进来come into sight 看见，进入视野come into being/existence 存在come into use 开始使用come into notice 引起注意come into effect 生效come on来临；用于祈使句，表鼓励或催促快点；得了吧come out(花)开；出版； 明了；结果是(副词)work out come to达到；苏醒 come to oneself/ones life；合计，总共是total; 谈到(When it comes to.)come to an end 结束come to an agreement 达成协议
17、come to a stop停止 come over走过来come up上升；(sth.)被提出；从土中发芽，走近 (to sb.)come up to达到add up to; 符合 live up tocome up with.想出(a problem/ an idea) cut across抄近路 cut away砍掉，切下cut down砍倒，削减(on production) cut in 插嘴 break in/interruptcut off切断 (the electricity supply); 割掉；断绝关系cut out删(省)掉，戒掉； 剪下(所需的)；删除(不需要的)；停
18、止(食用某物)cut short使停止，中断； 抄近路cut through剪断；凿穿(the bush)cut up连根拔除；切碎die of (disease/hunger/grief/cold/old age)死于(疾病/饥饿/悲痛/寒冷/年老)die from overwork/pollution/lack of./lung cancer死于(意外事故、情形)die away(声音、光等)渐渐消逝、减弱、渐息die down (声音、火、疼痛等)渐熄die for.为献身sacrifice.for.die out (物种等)绝种；(习惯等)消失 die off (家族等)相继死去fal
19、l behind落后 fall over ones feet 跌跤 fall down掉下；跌倒 fall back撤退，后退get across穿过(街道等)；讲清楚；使人了解(不用被动) get along with进展，相处 get around到处走动；(消息)传开spreadget away逃跑，逃脱；去休假get close to sth./doing sth. 接近，几乎get down下来；记下；使沮丧get back取回，收回get down to致力于，专心于get in收集； 插(话)break in，收获(庄稼)harvestget on进展；相处；进步； 穿上；上车g
20、et off脱下； 下车get out离开，退出，逃脱；泄露；生产，出版get out of.出去；停止(习惯等)get rid of/break/kickget over忘记，越过，克服(困难等)；从疾病、情绪中恢复get round消息传开get to (know)逐渐意识到 come to know come to realizeget through (to sb.)打通电话； 完成，通过； 用完钱；熬过get together聚集在一起；聚会get up起立；起床risego about到处走动；传开；着手做go after追赶； 追求； 追捕go against违反， 违背go a
21、head先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧go all out to do sth.全力以赴go away离开go in for从事；喜爱；参加 go back on背约，食言go beyond超出go by时间过去go ongo down下沉，降低come down，(日、月)西沉go for喜欢；卖(多少钱)；努力得到go in for喜欢；从事(音乐，体育等)go off爆炸，(闹钟)响；进行(情况); 变坏go bad; 断电，停止供应go on (with)继续进行；流逝go out出去；(灯等)熄灭go over复习，检查；研究；(仔细)搜查；视察go through浏览；查看；通过，经受/
22、经历(困难等)go up(价格)上涨；建造起来go with相配；陪同go without没有勉强支撑give away赠送；泄露，出卖； 错失， 放弃(时机等)give in (to sb.)让步，屈服give off发出(光、热、气体)give out发出； 分发；公布；(力气、耐心等)用尽give up放弃，把献给；让(座位)(give ones seat up to sb.)hand in交上，提交hand down流传；遗传hand sth. down to sb.(作为传统)传下hand out分发 hand over移交(职位、任务等)(反义词： take over) hand
23、in hand 手拉手；同时并进地；密切关联地hang about闲逛， 闲荡，闲待着hang back 犹豫， 踌躇， 畏缩hang on坚持，抓紧；(打电话时)不挂断；取决于hang on to保留(某物)；紧紧抓住hang up挂电话hang together团结，同心协力hold back阻止；隐瞒；保留hold down控制，镇压； 压制hold on别挂电话；等；坚持住hold on to .抓住；不出让hold out伸出；(食物等)维持，坚持hold up举起；使停顿、延误；支持hold ones ground坚持立场hold the line不挂电话keep away fro
24、m避开，不接近，离远远的keep back阻止，抑制；隐瞒；扣下，留下keep from克制，阻止keep off 不接近(用于禁令)keep on继续，坚持下来keep out of挡在的外面；不卷入，不涉及keep to坚持/遵守(规矩/承诺/观点/计划)keep up保持；(士气等)不低落keep up with跟上；不落在的后面knock about流浪；无目的旅行；虐待knock at/on敲knock down撞倒； 把击倒knock off停止工作，休息knock into撞到某人身上；偶遇knock out of把敲出knock over将撞倒 leave behind忘记带；
25、留下leave out不考虑；忽略掉，遗漏leave sb. alone让某人独自待着 let.aloneleave off停止；不再用let.down使失望；放下let .in让进入let.out放出；泄露；发出；放宽(衣服)look about/around/round四下查看；参观look back on/upon回忆，回顾look after 照顾take care ofattendlook for寻找；期待look at注视；研究look down upon瞧不起；轻视look sb. in the face/eyes直视某人look into朝里看； (彻底)调查look over
26、 (仔细)检查；越过看look on旁观 stand bylook on.as把看作look out (for)当心；提防watch out forbe careful oflook through翻阅，浏览；透过看look up查找； 向上看；转好look up to sb.尊敬某人look sb. up and down仔细打量某人make for朝走去，驶往；促使，有助于make into/of/from制成make out弄懂，发现；看出，勉强分辨出；填写；开列(清单)；声称make up编造；配制；打扮；组成；和解make up for弥补 make it to成功到达；做成某事 m
27、ake the best of.充分利用pass away去世；消散pass by经过；不理会pass down (on).to传给，一代传一代pass on传递； 遗传；传消息pass over漠视，忽视；不追究pass out昏倒，失去知觉pass through经历；通过pay back还钱； 报复pay for付钱； 为受到惩罚，因得到报应pay off还清；得到回报；成功； 付清工资后解雇pick up拾起，获得(information)；接人；买到；收听；自然习得(language /knowledge)，恢复，重获(health)pick out挑选，辨认，看出pull down
28、拆掉，推翻pull in进站pull on/off匆匆穿上/脱下pull out取出，(火车)离站，驶出pull over (速度慢慢)驶到一边，靠边停下pull through恢复健康，渡过难关，脱离险境 get overpull up (使)停住result in.导致 cause / make for / contribute to / lead to / bring about / give rise to.result from.由引起 arise out of / arise from.ring sb. back回电 call sb. backring off挂断电话 hang u
29、p the phonering sb. up给某人打电话 call sb. upput sth. apart拆分 (反义词：put sth. together)put aside放到一边；储存；忽视put away收拾起来；存钱， 储存；处理掉动物put back放回原处put down记下； 平息， 镇压put forward 提出，提前put in放进， 写进， 增添；安装；插话put into放进，翻译put off推迟，延期 delaypostponeput on穿戴；上映；增加(重量/速度)put out伸出； 扑灭；生产；出版put together装配(零件等)；整理；综合put
30、 up搭起； 张贴； 举起； 提出； 安装； 投宿，安排住下put up with忍受 toleratebearstandput through 接通电话；使经历(困难等)push over推倒，刮倒push ahead/on/forward继续前进push through排除困难办好某事，努力设法通过push sb. to do sth.促使某人做某事run across偶然碰到 meet withrun intorun after追逐，追捕 go afterrun away逃跑run for竞选run into偶然碰到(困难)/遇见(人)；相撞run out of用完 use upsee
31、sb. off送行 send sb. offsee to.照顾；处理；注意 see through看透，识破see to it that从句 确保 make sure that从句send for派人去请/取send off寄出；送行；派遣send out发出(光亮)等； 寄出(通知等)send up发射set about开始着手(做某事) set out to do sth.set aside留出；抛弃(意见、习惯等); 储蓄set back把(钟、表)拨回，使推迟；阻碍set down放下；记下set up设立；建立(组织，机构等)set off出发(for)；触发；燃放(firework
32、s)；引起(某种情绪)ones homesickness set out动身(去某地)；着手(去做); 陈述(观点等)set to开始做show sb. around (someplace)领某人参观(某处)show sb. in / out领某人进去/出去show off炫耀；展示show up露面，出现stand against 反对；背靠站立stand bystand for支持(主义等)；代表stand in替代(某人)stand out突出；显眼 tear at sth. 撕扯着tear away扯掉tear oneself away from.忍痛离开tear sth. down撕
33、下；拆毁 bring sth. downtear sth. into pieces / in half(in twointo halves)撕成碎片/撕成两半tear up撕裂；撕毁(合同等)(续表)take after sb.长得像某人或性格像某人take along随身带take sth. apart拆卸 take away拿走；夺去take back拿回；收回(某人所说的话)；退货take down记录；取下；拆除take A for B 误认为 mistake A for Btake in吸收，领会absorb；欺骗cheat；在家接活；改小take off脱掉； 起飞； (事业、电影
34、等)突然流行腾飞 take sb. off to someplace把某人带走去了某处take on呈现；雇佣；承担take out带出去；除掉；办理take over接替，接管；继承 take to sth. 喜欢；沉迷于take up开始从事；占用(时间、空间)occupy；接下去pick uptake charge of负责take sth. for granted对某事想当然take hold of抓住take pride in以为自豪take the place of代替take turns to do轮流做take office就职think about考虑； 熟虑think of
35、想起think of.as把看作think out(通过思考)想出；研究出think over仔细考虑think up(突然)想出念头； 设计出； 发明think well / highly / a great deal of sb. / sth.对看法好， 评价高think little/ nothing of sb. / sth.认为不值，对评价不高try on试穿，试戴try out试验；试用；试演；参加选拔赛(for.)turn (a)round转过身来turn against变得敌视，反对turn away打发走，驱逐； 转过脸去turn back返回，转回去turn down调低；
36、 拒绝(ones suggestion/offer)turn in上缴turn off 关掉(灯等)；使(某人)厌烦turn on打开； 使(某人)高兴turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻(书页)，翻转turn out证明为，结果； 制造成品； 关掉turn to转向； 求助于；查阅；翻过turn up向上翻； 露面，出现； 音量调大 turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟work at致力于work on从事(某具体事物)work out解决；计算出 figure out；结果；锻炼；计划work out well / fine(结局好，顺利) turn out (to be)
37、 fine/well go off well come out well / fine同义异表：记下 write down, note down, set down, put down, take down插话 get in, cut in, break in, put in, burst in, interrupt拆除 tear down, pull down, take down, bring down (身体)复原pull through, get over, pick up 偶遇 come / run across, run / knock into, meet with提出 brin
38、g up, put forward, set forward, come up with(an idea/a suggestion)区别：put away 收放好；放回原处；储蓄put aside放一边；不理睬，抛弃；储蓄set aside放一边；留出时间；储蓄重点突破分类积累，明辨词义；熟词生用，依据语境。1. The politicians speech _ the others that he was the very man for the job.A. informed B. convincedC. reminded D. warned2. Professor Leen has ju
39、st given a wonderful lecture, _ various subjects.A. referring B. coveringC. dealing D. demanding3. With the contributions he has made to our country, he _ all the honors awarded to him.A. demands B. obtainsC. deserves D. expects4. Its apparent that by taking these tough measures against injustice, t
40、he government is trying to _ public confidence in its political and legal system.A. reveal B. expressC. emphasize D. restore5. In terms of academic performance, Mike does not belong with the brilliant students in our class, yet we can never _ the possibility that he will be admitted to his ideal col
41、lege.A. confirm B. discountC. explore D. evaluate6. In order to catch the first train, I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally _ a passenger, but he pointed at his “Not for Hire” sign and drove away.A. distinguishing B. rejectingC. disposing D. imitating7. As a leading producer of green
42、house gases, China _ the United States as the largest consumers of energy.A. describes B. joinsC. controls D. influences8. If you _ state secrets to the enemy, you will surely be arrested and sentenced to prison.A. put away B. get awayC. give away D. pass away9. The athletes years of hard training _
43、 when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went on B. got throughC. paid off D. ended up10. Thanks to Mr. Smith the father and the son eventually _ after ten years cold relationship between them.A. took up B. made upC. looked up D. turned up11. Going into a supermarket without a clear list, you
44、 might _ picking up what you wouldnt necessarily want.A. give up B. take upC. make up D. end up12. Being dishonest, Peter usually _ the negative part when he tells his parents about his study and life in the school. A. leaves behind B. leave offC. leaves out D. leaves alone13. He has got to know tha
45、t it is easy for a boy to _ habits such as smoking and drinking, which are not so easy to get rid of. A. slide into B. look intoC. break into D. knock into14. Despite the fact that the big exam is drawing near, I suggest you _ an evening a week for funtaking a walk with your parents, or treating yourself to an interesting movie.A. take up B. set asideC. give away D. put off 15