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1、主题词表English Chinese 01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric mass 大气质量atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层standard pressure level 标准层isot
2、hermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外逸层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atm
3、osphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气 （参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pre
4、ssure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水蒸汽water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point temperature 露点 (温度 ) depr
5、ession of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压saturation deficit 饱和差cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud amount 云量cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus,
6、 Ci 卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altostratus, As 高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratus, St 层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云cold
7、 cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beauf
8、ort wind scale 蒲福风级calm 0 级风light air 1 级风light breeze 2 级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8 级风strong gale 9 级风storm 10 级风violent storm 11 级风hurricane 12 级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海
9、陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向prevailing wind 盛行风wind pressure 风压wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源wind energy rose 风能玫瑰 图 visibility 能见度clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amo
10、unt of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall amount 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨d
11、rizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙尘暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾dust 浮尘dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风snow 雪sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snow
12、flake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴snow cover 积雪snowfall amount 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰hail 冰雹thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨lightning 闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - i
13、ce fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshi
14、ne 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测r
15、adio sounding 无线电探空surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表a
16、ngle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman- hygrometer 莱曼 -湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气
17、压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygro
18、graph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔 -司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反
19、照率表pyranometer 净辐射表evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗 式雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导 式雨量计siph
20、on rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨 式风速表ane
21、morumbometer 风向风速表anemograph 风速计meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声雷达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感meteorological satellite 气象卫星synoptic data 天气资料real time data 实时资料radiation transfer equatio
22、n 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理 学 cloud physics 云物理学advection 平流convection 对流aerosol 气溶胶cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并i
23、ce crystal 冰晶ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核weather modification 人工影响天气cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水cloud cluster 云团tropical cloud cluster 热
24、带云团cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射sc
25、attered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward tatal radiation 向上全辐射downward total radiation 向下 全辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率albedo 反照率planetary temperatu
26、re 行星温度atmospheric window 大气窗atmospheric absorptivity 大气 吸收率primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度atmospheric transparency 大气 透明度atmospheric optical phe
27、nomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光halo 晕46 halo 46 度晕22 halo 22 度晕名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rai
28、nbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓corona 华twilight colors 霞aurora 极光glory 宝光 环 magnetic storm 磁暴04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学atmospheric background
29、 大气本底 值 atmospheric pollution 大气污染air pollution 空气污染primary pollutant 原生污染物secondary pollutant 次生污染物atmospheric cleaning 大气净化floating dust 飘尘dustfall 降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶ash cloud 烟灰云smog 烟雾smoke screen 烟幕acid rain 酸雨smoke 烟smoke plume 烟羽plume rise 烟羽
30、抬升fallout 沉降物05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面
31、逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic proces
32、s 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程potential temperature 位
33、温equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程-equation 方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程geostrophic adjustment 地
34、转适应available potential energy 有效位能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度atmospheric stability 大气 稳定度static stability 静力稳定度absolute stability 绝对稳定名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 10 页 -
35、- - - - - - - - absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件 性不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒z-coordinate z 坐标p-coordinate p 坐标-coordinate 坐标-coordinate 位温坐标convergence 辐合diverge
36、nce 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度vorticity 涡度Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtrop
37、ical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker
38、 cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流 圈 trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell meridional circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvins theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bje
39、rknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度mesoscale model 中尺度模式general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式barotropic model 正压模式baroclinic model 斜压模式06. 天气学synoptic meteorology 天气学weather
40、 天气synoptic chart 天气图weather symbol 天气符号barb 风速羽wind shaft 风矢杆wind arrow 风矢present weather 现在天气past weather 过去天气upper air chart 高空天气图surface chart 地面天气图isobaric surface 等压面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面contour chart 等压面图rainfall chart 雨量图isoline 等值线isotherm 等温线isodrosotherm 等露点线isa
41、llotherm 等变温线isobar 等压线topographic isobar 地形等压线isallobar 等变压线contour line 等高线shear line 切变线squall line 飑线pressure field 气压场wind field 风场名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - allobaric field 变压场anallobaric center 正变压中心katallobaric
42、 center 负变压中心humidity field 湿度场wet tongue 湿舌dry tongue 干舌dry line 干线temperature field 温度场cold tongue 冷舌warm tongue 暖舌pressure system 气压系统low pressure, depression 低气压deepening of a depression 低压加深cold low 冷低压warm low 暖低压mesoscale low 中尺度低压thermal low 热低压cut-off low 切断低压orographic depression 地形低压troug
43、h 低压槽trough line 槽线inverted trough 倒槽cold trough 冷槽long-wave trough 长波槽East Asia major trough 东亚大槽cyclone 气旋cyclonic circulation 气旋性环流cyclonic shear 气旋性切变extratropical cyclone 温带气旋cyclone family 气旋族occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋cyclogenesis 气旋生成cyclolysis 气旋消散cold vortex 冷涡warm vortex 暖涡permanent depression
44、永久性低压semi-permanent depression 半永久性低压Aleutian low 阿留申低压Icelandic low 冰岛低压Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone 江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切变线South China Sea depression 南海低压Mongolian low 蒙古低压Northeast China low 东北低压mid-tropospheric cyclone 对流层中层气旋Southwest China vortex 西南 低涡high pressure 高气压cold high 冷高压
45、warm high 暖高压ridge 高压脊ridge line 脊线warm ridge 暖脊col pressure field 鞍形气压场high pressure barrier 高压坝deformation field 变形场anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋环流anticyclonic shear 反气旋切变anticyclogenesis 反气旋生成anticyclolysis 反气旋消散permanent high 永久性高压semi-permanent high 半永久性高压subtropical high 副热带高压Sib
46、erian high 西伯利亚高压South Asia high 南亚高压blocking high 阻塞高压blocking situation 阻塞形势Ural blocking high 乌拉尔山阻塞高压Okhotsk high 鄂霍次克海高压Pacific high 太平洋高压Azores high 亚速尔高压air mass 气团air-mass analysis 气团分析air-mass source 气团源地air-mass classification 气团分类air-mass property 气团属性air-mass transformation 气团变性conservat
47、ive property of air mass 气团保守性transformed air mass 变性气团warm air mass 暖气团cold air mass 冷气团arctic air mass 北极气团polar air mass 极地气团tropical air mass 热带气团equatorial air mass 赤道气团continental air mass 大陆气团maritime air mass 海洋气团tropical marine air mass 热带海洋气团front 锋frontal surface 锋面frontal zone 锋区frontal
48、slope 锋面坡度warm front 暖锋cold front 冷锋occluded front 锢囚锋cold occluded front 冷性锢囚锋名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - warm occluded front 暖性锢囚锋neutral occluded front 中性锢囚锋rapidly moving cold front 快行冷锋slowly moving cold front 慢行冷锋
49、stationary front 静止锋polar front 极锋arctic front 北极锋antarctic front 南极锋surface front 地面锋upper front 高空锋frontal analysis 锋面分析frontal weather 锋面天气warm front cloud system 暖锋云系cold front cloud system 冷锋云系frontal precipitation 锋面降水orographic occluded front 地形锢囚锋North China occluded front 华北锢囚锋orographic st
50、ationary front 地形静止锋South China quasi-stationary front 华南准静止锋Kunming quasi-stationary front 昆明准静止锋Tianshan quasi-stationary front 天山准静止锋synoptic analysis 天气分析synoptic situation 天气形势synoptic process 天气过程synoptic system 天气系统planetary scale system 行星尺度系统synoptic scale system 天气尺度系统subsynoptic scale sys