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1、第二部分语法专项突破第二板块攻克重难动词专题一动词的时态和语态 对 点 训 练 .单句语法填空(高考真题改编)1. (2019年天津卷)I _ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.解析：句意：我本希望送彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但我没能做到。由couldnt manage用的是一般过去时可知，动词hope表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成，用过去完成时。答案：had hoped2. (2019年全国卷)In recent years some Inuit pe
2、ople in Nunavut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.解析：根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时。答案：have reported3. (2019年北京卷)On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _ (voice)m
3、y biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends？” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.”解析：根据上文的“On the first day of my first grade，I stood”可知，此处用一般过去时。答案：voiced4. (2019年浙江卷)One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析：主句谓语动词是fo
4、und，用一般过去时，此处时态应该与之保持一致。答案：improved 5. (2019年浙江卷)When the children are walking or _ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.解析：因为连词or前面用的是walking，空处应与之并列，故用cycle的ing形式。答案：cycling6. (2019年全国卷)On the last day of our weeklong stay，we _ (invite)to attend a private concert on
5、a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析：事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：were invited7. (2019年全国卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _ (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we w
6、ere able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.解析：此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。答案：recommended8. (2019年全国卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business. 解析：分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应用一般过去时。答案：dec
7、lared9. (2019年全国卷)Irene said, “I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _ (make) over the years.”解析：根据空后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。答案：have made10. (2018年全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be)
8、more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.解析：此处描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。答案：is11. (2018年全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country _ (grow) more corn than rice.解析：根据句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，应用现在完成时，故填has grown。答案：has grown12. (2018年全国卷)The Chines
9、e Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是between 2005，故用一般过去时，填started。答案：started13. (2018年全国卷)True to a go
10、rillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean) me no real harm. He was just saying：“Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”解析：根据后面的was just saying可知，此处应用一般过去时，mean sb.no harm意为“没有恶意”，故填meant。答案：meant14. (2018年江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we _ (
11、develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.解析：句意：在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据时间状语by then(即by 2025)可知，空处需用将来完成时。答案：will have developed15. (2018年江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ (carry) out in the past two years.解析：句意：上
12、个月我被派到这个村子来检查那个发展计划在过去的两年中的实施情况。空处表示的动作应该发生在主句谓语动词was sent之前，属于“过去的过去”，且表示被动，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。答案：had been carried16. (2018年天津卷)My washing machine _ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.解析：句意：本周我的洗衣机正在维修中，因此我不得不用手洗我的衣服。根据后面“wash my clothes by hand”可知，这里表示“洗衣机正在维修中”，故用现在进行时；My washin
13、g machine与repair为被动关系，需用被动语态。因此，空处需用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：is being repaired17. (2018年北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap) in the mountains for two days.解析：句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。根据句中主句的谓语动词risked可知，事情发生在过去，而“被困”发生在risked之前，故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists，与从句的谓语动词trap之
14、间是被动关系，因此空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。答案：had been trapped18. (2017年北京卷)Chinas highspeed railways _ (grow) from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years.解析：句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高铁已经从9 000千米发展到了25 000千米。根据题干中的时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句中谓语动词的时态用现在完成时。答案：have grown19. (2018年北京卷)Susan had quit her wellpaid job a
15、nd _ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.解析：句意：我去年去看望Susan的时候，她已经辞去了高薪工作，正在社区做志愿者。根据题干when引导的时间状语从句可知，整句话描述的都是过去发生的事情。看望Susan的时候她正从事志愿者服务工作，应用过去进行时。答案：was working20. (2018年北京卷)Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.Hello, Peter, Im Bob. I just _ (
16、start) on Monday.解析：句意：嗨，我是Peter，你是新来的吗？我在附近没见过你。你好，Peter，我是Bob，我是周一刚来的。根据Peter所说的话可知，现在Bob已经在这里了，Bob针对Peter的提问解释他是周一来的，所以空处用一般过去时。答案：started21. (2017年全国卷)When fat and salt_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析：句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉，食物尝起来就好像失去了什么似的。分析句意可知，fat，salt和remove之间
17、是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。答案：are removed22. (2017年全国卷)Later, engineers _ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the tube.解析：由定语从句中became可知，空处应用一般过去时，故填managed。答案：managed23. (2017年全国卷)Steam engines _ (use) to pull the carriages and it must
18、 have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.解析：steam engines与use之间是被动关系，根据下文可知此处是对过去情况的描述，故用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：were used24. (2017年全国卷)Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.解析：根据句意判断出，谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式，主语Sarah是第
19、三人称单数，故填was told。答案：was told25. (2017年天津卷)I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解析：根据固定句型was/were doing sth.when.可知，要填was driving。答案：was driving26. (2016年四川卷)However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then，after two and a half years，t
20、he mother _ (drive) the young panda away.解析：由第一句中stayed可知，空处需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的过去式drove。答案：drove27. (2016年全国卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I_ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre
21、 centre.解析：根据语境及“allow sb.to do sth.”这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：was allowed28. (2016年全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.解析：根据句意“筷子是被制造的”可知，此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。答案：be made29. (2016年四川卷)The giant panda _ (love) by people throughout the world.解析：大熊
22、猫被世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。答案：is loved30. (2016年江苏卷)More efforts, as reported, _ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.解析：句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。由in the years ahead “今后几年”(一般将来时)和More efforts与make之间是被动关系(被动语态)可知，用一般将来时
23、的被动语态。答案：will be made.单句改错1. (2018年全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin._解析：根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以把begin改为begun。答案：beginbegun2. (2018年全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there._
24、解析：根据时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知，事件发生在过去，用一般过去时，故把find改为found。答案：findfound3. (2018年全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school._解析：根据前面的didnt以及后面的entered可知，此处应用一般过去时，故把are改为were。答案：arewere4. (2017年全国卷)So once I started the car, my mind goes blank._解析：根据前面的“star
25、ted the car”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故把goes改为went。答案：goeswent5. (2017年全国卷)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables!_解析：在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来，故把came改为comes。答案：camecomes6. (2017年全国卷)I had grown not only physically but also mentally in the past few years._解析：in the past few years常与现在完
26、成时连用，故把had 改为have。答案：hadhave7. (2017年全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club._解析：根据前面的entered可知，此处应用一般过去时，故把become改为became。答案：becomebecame8. (2016年四川卷)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mothers Da
27、y. We get up early in the morning._解析：根据上文可知，此处是对过去情况的描述，应用一般过去时，故把get改为got。答案：getgot9. (2016年浙江卷)While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge._解析：根据下文可知，此处是对过去情况的描述，时间状语从句应用一般过去时，故把chat改为chatted。答案：chatchatted10. (2016年全国卷)It is always crowded with custo
28、mers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that._解析：根据上文可知，此处是对现在情况的描述，应用一般现在时，故把had改为have。答案：hadhave11. (2016年全国卷)I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot._解析：根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故把thought改为think。答案：thoughtthink12. (2016年全国卷)However, my parents didnt seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it._解析：根据上文可知，此处是对过去情况的描述，应用一般过去时，故把tell改为told。答案：telltold