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1、高中英语名词用法名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个 些 人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing ， China 等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2集体名词：表示假设干个个体组成的集合体，如：family 。3物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词， 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下列图
2、表示：名词专有名词不可数名词普通名词物质名词抽象名词集体名词可数名词个体名词1.1 名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以 s, sh, ch, x 等结尾加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以 ce, se, ze, 等结尾加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母 +y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 es 读 /z/ baby-babies 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
3、- - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1 以 y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s 变复数。例如：two Marysthe Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays2 以 o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加 s，如：photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos；b. 加 es，如： potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes c. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。3 以 f 或 fe 结尾的
4、名词变复数时：a. 加 s，如：belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safesgulf-gulfs ；b. 去 f,fe 加 ves，如： half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves ；c. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 。1.3 名词复数的不规则变化1 child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth mouse-miceman-menwom
5、an-women注意： 由一个词加man 或 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如 an Englishman，two Englishmen 。但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman 是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li ，jin，yuan，two li ，three mu，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页four jin 等。但除人民币的元、 角、分外，美元、
6、英镑、 法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman ，a head of cattle, the English ， the British ， the French，the Chinese，the Japanese ，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industri
7、es and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4 以 s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics ，physics 等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945 年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜
8、是一本非常有趣的故事书。5 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses 眼镜trousers,clothes 等，假设表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair对，双 ;suit套 ; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。6 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods 货物， waters 水域，fishes各种鱼。1.4 不可数名词量的表示1物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较： Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。不可数These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。可数精选
9、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.不可数We need various steels.可数c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations 四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助
10、单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水 / a piece of advice一则建议。5. 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2 man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3 有些原有 s 结
11、尾的名词，作定语时，s 保留。例如：goods train 货车arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4 数词 +名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树a five-year plan.一个五年计划精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页1.6 不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称谓语用复数单数复数中国人the Chinese a Chine
12、se two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人the Amer
13、icans an American two Americans 印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格英语中有些名词可以加s 来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如： a teachers book。名词所有格的
14、规则如下：1 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加 s ，如 the boys bag 男孩的书包， mens room 男厕所。2 假设名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如： the workers struggle工人的斗争。3 凡不能加 s 的名词，都可以用名词 +of +名词 的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页如： the barbers 理
15、发店。5 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示 分别有 ；只有一个 s，则表示 共有 。例如：Johns and Marys rooms两间John and Marys room 一间6 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence 名词综合练习题：1. It won t make much _ whether you agree or not.A. difficulty B. trouble C. difference D. matter 2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of
16、how life began. A. cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle 3. You must get there within an hour. There should be no _ in sending this information to him. A. question B. problem C. quarrel D. delay 4. I can t give you the card without Smith s _.A. agreement B. allowing C. permission D. perfomance 5. Wha
17、t impressed me most was that they never lost _. A. hearts B. heart C. their heart D. their hearts 6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any _ of what I said. A. remark B. observationC. attention D. notice 7. I went to buy a _ of China Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy 8. Shelly ha
18、d prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. desire 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页9. There are usually at least two _ of looking at every question. A. means B. directions C. v
19、iews D. ways 10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed11. She is young for the job, but on the other _, she is well trained. A. way B. situation C. chance D. hand 12. The most important_ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heart
20、edly for the people. A. point B. sense C. spot D. view 13. - I d like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. - Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a 14. He told me he had been offered a very well-paid _. A.
21、 business B. service C. work D. position 15. Each player must obey _, who is the leader of the team. A. captain B. a captainC. the captain D. captains 16. It was _ that he had to ask for help. A. such big a work B. a so big job C. a so big work D. such a big job 17. He dropped the _ and broke it. A.
22、 cup of coffee B. coffee s cup C. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup 18. What _! Where did you get them? A. big fish B. a big fish C. a piece of big fish D. big a fish 19. He left _ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
23、 - - -第 7 页，共 10 页A. words; his words B. word; his word C. word; word D. the word; his words 20. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence21. We held a party in _ of our Australian teacher, Meggi. A. prize B. honor C. praise D. pride 22. - Tom, wi
24、ll you boys play soldiers outside? There s not enough _ for you boys here. - But we can play in the next _, can t we?A. places; place B. room; room C. rooms; space D. house; rooms 23. - Is this bridge made of _? - Yes, it is made of 2300 huge _. A. stone; stone B. stones; stones C. stone; stones D.
25、stones; stone 24. - Mum, I m going to visit my aunt. What about a week?- A week is too long. Try to be back in a _ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 25. Mrs. Green tried hard to find a job but she had no _. A. luck B. time C. hope D. chance 26. His daughter is always shy in _ and she neve
26、r dares to make a speech to _. A. the public; the public B. public; the public C. the public; public D. public; public 27. Fast-food restaurants are _ to us all. A. of many helps B. a great help 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页C. great helps D. much help 28. These young peop
27、le are now making an active _ to beautify (美化 ) our city. A. part B. effort C. decision D. plan 29. - What you like may not be what I like. - Yes, one man s meal is another man s _.A. poison B. medicine C. meal D. food 30. He said that two _ would come to our school the next day. A. woman scientist
28、B. women scientist C. woman scientists D. women scientists31. My _ all _ hard for the people. A. family; work B. family; worksC. families; work D. families; works 32. Dr. Jones ordered _ for the laboratory. A. two equipments B. two pieces of equipments C. two pieces of equipment D. two equipment pie
29、ces 33. - Where have you been? - I ve been to_.A. the Turners B. the TurnersC. Mr. Turners D. the Turners 34. Many children have to see the films for_A. grown-up B. growns-upC. grown-ups D. growns-ups 35. I told about some of the terrible _ I had had in the war. A. experience B. experiencesC. experi
30、encing D. experienced things 36. The table is only _ high. A. two-foot B. two footC. two-feet D. two feet 37. These days I employed two _ in my house. A. man-servants B. men-servantC. man-servant D. men-servants 38. That s_. A. James and Charles father B. James and Charless father C. Jamess and Char
31、less father D. Jamess and Charles father 39. _ is published daily. A. Time B. Times C. The Time D. The Times 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页40. There are many _ in big _. A. ladies driver; citys B. lady drivers; cities C. ladies drivers, cities D. ladies driver; city 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页