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1、非谓语动词【真题再现】撰稿:郭素清 责编:白雪雁1. It took Janet three hours _ reading this interesting story. 【2012贵州贵阳】A. to finish B. finished C. finishing2.When I went into the room,I found _ in bed【2012贵州安顺】Ahim lying Bhe lying Che lies Dhim was lying3. Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break
2、the law. 【2012湖北咸宁】A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven4. _ English well, one must have a lot of practice. 【2012山东聊城】A. Speaks B. To speak C. spoken D. speak5. Im leaving now. 【2012山东泰安】_you turn off the lights and the computer.A. To make sure B. Make sure C. Made sure D. Making sure6. Ma
3、ry used to _ to work, but she is used to _to work now. 【2012黔西南】A. riding a bike, taking a bus B. riding a bike, take a busC. ride a bike, taking a bus D. ride a bike, take a bus7. When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl _in it. 【2012黔东南】 A. sing B. losing C. sang D. singing8. Lets _ for a walk,
4、 shall we? 【2012 北京】 A. to go B. going C. go D. gone 【答案与解析】1. A。It takes sb. some time to do sth. 这是个固定句型,花费某人多少时间做某事。根据句意:读完这个有趣的故事花费了珍妮特三个小时的时间。2. A。句意为“当我进屋时,发现他正躺在床上”。find sb doing sth意为“发现某人正在做某事”。这里是现在分词作了宾语补足语。3.C。 allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”。本题是考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。4. B。句意为“为了学好英语,一个人必须进行多多练习”。t
5、o speak相当于in order to speak的省略,作目的状语。5.B。祈使句的谓语动词要用动词原形,所以选B。句意为“确信要关灯和计算机”。6. C。考查短语的辨析。used to 后接动词原形,意为“过去常常做某事”;be/get used to后接动名词形式,意为“习惯于做某事”。7. D。句意为“我通过教室时,听见一个女孩正在教室唱歌”。hear sb doing sth意为“听到某人正在做某事”。8. C。考查句式let sb do sth,意为“让某人做某事”。这里是省掉to的不定式作宾语补足语。【用法讲解】考试要求:非谓语动词中考考查的重点有:1. it 作形式主语、宾
6、语的用法;2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用;4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to;5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,但是表达的意思不同。1. 动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成: 不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。(2)动词不定式的句法功能:功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. It is
7、not easy for us to speak English讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every dayTo clean the room every day is my work我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?He likes to play basketball他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother m
8、ade me play the piano all the time我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,
9、其结构为:It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful It is useful to learn English well 学好英语很有用。 Its important for us to protect the environment保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: Its very kind of you to help me你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to
10、do like that你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。如:I find it easy to read English every day我发现每天读英语很容易。 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do.
11、,why dont you do.,had better(not) do.,would rather do,could/would/will you please(not) do. 如:I would rather stay in the room我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourag
12、es me to learn Japanese我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变被动语态时,必须加上to。 如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语 不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间
13、有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如:There is nothing to worry about没有什么可担心的。 5)不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:The teacher is telling the students what to do 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go 他不知道去哪里。(where to gowhere he should go)2. 动名词(1)动名词构成:一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。(2)动名词的句法功能:功能例句说明主语Eating t
14、oo much is bad for your health吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stampsCollecting stamps is his hobby他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room她在阅览室里。We s
15、hould improve our teaching methods我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problem(in),spend.(in),feel like,be used to(习惯于),give up,keep on,consider,suggest,cant help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词: 完成实践值得忙(finish,pract
16、ice,be worth,be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,cant help,feel like) 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)3. 分词(1) 分词的构成:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。(2)分词的句法功能:功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?Please hand
17、 in your written exercises请交上你们的笔试练习。现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful从小山上看,我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encouraging形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move这个男孩太害怕了,以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。