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1、雅思英语雅思英语 图表题图表题 写作写作WWWSkillsSkillsSkills RITING RITING RITING 温故知新温故知新图表图表5种类型种类型 表格表格 Table 线图线图(直线直线/曲线曲线) Line graph 柱状图柱状图(条形图条形图) Bar chart 饼图饼图 Pie chart 流程图流程图 Process diagram Learn the new while reviewing the old 如何写图表作文如何写图表作文 开首段怎么写？开首段怎么写？ 加、删、替、改加、删、替、改 主体段怎么写主体段怎么写? 主题句主题句- -支持句（支持句（1+
2、1+x x ) ) 结尾段如何写？结尾段如何写？ total- total- 结论结论- -比较比较 I have questions for you! 描述图表动词 描述图表描述图表1. 1.用曲线和表格说明事实用曲线和表格说明事实时时, ,用用showshow2. 2.对表格中的数字做出结对表格中的数字做出结论时论时, ,用用indicateindicate3. 3.当列举证据证明某事时当列举证据证明某事时, ,用用illustrateillustrate 转述原题替换词转述原题替换词 showshow- describe- describe illustrate illustrate d
3、emonstrate demonstrate outline outline indicate indicate注注: : 不用不用display display ( (显现显现) ) 或或 tell tell ( (口头说明口头说明) )来描述来描述表格。表格。描述图表动词（复习） 描述图表描述图表1. 1.用曲线和表格说明事实时用曲线和表格说明事实时, , 用用 showshow2. 2.对表格中数字做出结论时对表格中数字做出结论时, , 用用indicateindicate3. 3.当列举证据来证明某事时当列举证据来证明某事时, , 用用illustrateillustrate转述原题替
4、换词转述原题替换词Show (Show (显示显示/ /说明说明) )Describe (Describe (描述描述/ /描绘描绘) ) Illustrate (Illustrate (举例举例/ /图解图解) ) Demonstrate (Demonstrate (展示展示/ /演示演示 ) ) Outline (Outline (概述概述/ /略述略述) ) Indicate (Indicate (表明表明/ /指出指出) )饼图饼图 写作写作WWWSkillsSkillsSkills RITING RITING RITING第第 四四 讲讲饼图主体段饼图主体段写作要点写作要点 分析扇量
5、分析扇量, ,找出规律找出规律; ; 归纳整理归纳整理, ,同类相比同类相比; ; 如有多图如有多图, ,分清关系分清关系。 P235 P235 例例1414 原则原则： 比例构成比例构成-饼图写作的重点。饼图写作的重点。 介绍各个扇面介绍各个扇面之间的关系之间的关系及与及与总体关系总体关系。 重点描写特征重点描写特征最明显最明显扇面：最大扇面：最大-最小最小-成倍。成倍。 不简单说明，应不简单说明，应归纳，归纳，有有条理条理。 某些分扇面某些分扇面没要求没要求分析，不描写。分析，不描写。 P P235235饼图主体段饼图主体段另外写法：另外写法：The pie chartThe pie ch
6、art reflects reflects an average an average（平均值平均值） household use of electricity in England. household use of electricity in England. ( (第一句综括，下面细说第一句综括，下面细说。) Heating for both ) Heating for both room and water room and water accounts foraccounts for the biggest the biggest shareshare of more than h
7、alf. The other half of more than half. The other half of electricity of electricity is almostis almost evenlyevenly（平等的平等的） usedused for three for three sectionssections: ovens, kettles, : ovens, kettles, washing machineswashing machines; ; lighting, TV, radio lighting, TV, radio; ; and and vacuum c
8、leaners, food mixers, electric vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools. The first sectiontools. The first section consumes consumes a little a little bit higher of 17.5% bit higher of 17.5% whilewhile the rest two have the rest two have an an equalequal share of 15%. share of 15%.From the From
9、the twotwo charts, it is clear that charts, it is clear that electricity electricity is in higher demandis in higher demand in winter in winter in England.in England.饼图主体段饼图主体段常用词常用词1 1）名词）名词 percentage(percentage(百分比百分比) ) proportion( proportion(比例比例) ) Portion(Portion(部分部分) ) share(share(份额份额) )2
10、2）动词）动词 分分（几部分）（几部分） be divided intobe divided intopartsparts be made up of be made up ofsectionssections 占多少占多少（比例）（比例） occupy, represent, constituteoccupy, represent, constitute( (单词单词) ) account for/ take up( account for/ take up(词组词组) ) 占最大占最大/ /小份额小份额 account for the largest/ smallest account f
11、or the largest/ smallest shareshare饼图主体段饼图主体段常用套句常用套句套句套句-1 ( -1 ( 总括总括 主题句主题句 ) )The graph, The graph, presented in the pie chartpresented in the pie chart, shows , shows the general trend inthe general trend in套句套句-2 ( -2 ( 细节细节 - 1- 1句话句话 ) )The biggest difference between the two groups The bigge
12、st difference between the two groups (A+B) is in (A+B) is in , , wherewhere A A makes up 5% makes up 5% whilewhile B B constitutes 60%.constitutes 60%.套句套句-3 ( -3 ( 细节细节 - 2- 2句话句话 ) )The percentage of The percentage of A A in in is is more than twice more than twice thatthat of of B B. The ratio .
13、The ratio isis $% $% to to #%.#%. 你知道吗？你知道吗？WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting riting图表主体段写作，第一句话是图表主体段写作，第一句话是主题句主题句，其他是其他是支持句支持句，介绍数据要尽量，介绍数据要尽量详尽详尽。请看例句：请看例句：P P235235饼图主体段饼图主体段：The pie chartThe pie chart reflects an averagereflects an average（平均值平均值） household use of electricity in England. (ho
14、usehold use of electricity in England. (第一第一句综括，是主题句，下面详细介绍数据句综括，是主题句，下面详细介绍数据。) ) Heating for both room and water Heating for both room and water accounts foraccounts for the biggest share of the biggest share of more than half more than half . . （也可用也可用52.5%52.5%，但语言稍显，但语言稍显“板板”，有时数据放在括号内表达更简洁。，有时
15、数据放在括号内表达更简洁。）The other half of electricity isThe other half of electricity is almost almost evenlyevenly（平等的平等的） ( (不写具体数字，语言更灵活哦。不写具体数字，语言更灵活哦。) used for ) used for three sectionsthree sections: : ovens, kettles, washing ovens, kettles, washing machinesmachines; ; lighting, TV, radio lighting, TV,
16、 radio; ; and vacuum and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools. cleaners, food mixers, electric tools. The first sectionThe first section consumes a little bit higher consumes a little bit higher of of 17.5%17.5% whilewhile the rest two have an the rest two have an equalequal share of share o
17、f 15%. 15%. ( (比较第比较第2 2、3 3句的数据介绍句的数据介绍。复合句。复合句。) ) 你知道吗？你知道吗？WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting riting一般来说一般来说支持句支持句介绍数据，含以下要素：介绍数据，含以下要素： 对象对象 时间时间 数值数值 主要主要趋势动词（作谓语）趋势动词（作谓语） 极值极值趋势动词（非谓语）趋势动词（非谓语）请看例句：请看例句： 图表图表引用数据引用数据句型：句型：1. 1. The numberThe number（对象）（对象） picked uppicked up （主要趋势）（主要趋势）in
18、Junein June（时间）（时间）, , rocketingrocketing（极值趋势）（极值趋势） by by almost 500% almost 500% （数值）（数值）. .2. 2. There wasThere was a marked improvement a marked improvement （主要趋势）（主要趋势） in July in July （时间）（时间） with the number ofwith the number of visitors visitors （对象）（对象） surgingsurging ( (冲击冲击）（极值趋势）（极值趋势）
19、4000 4000 per day .per day .（数值）（数值） 图表图表引用数据引用数据句型：句型：3. 3. The periodThe period between May and September between May and September （时间）（时间） saw saw a steady growtha steady growth （主要趋势）（主要趋势） in the number ofin the number of visitors visitors （对象）（对象） from 70,000 to 140,000 from 70,000 to 140,000
20、 （数值）（数值）. . 4. 4. The gradual riseThe gradual rise （主要趋势）（主要趋势） in visitor in visitor numbersnumbers （对象）（对象） from 30,000 to approximately from 30,000 to approximately 45,000 45,000 （数值）（数值） in the first four months in the first four months （时（时间）间） was followed bywas followed by a sharper increase
21、 a sharper increase （极（极值趋势）值趋势） in May in May （时间）（时间）. . 图表图表引用数据引用数据句型：句型：但有时并不是但有时并不是所有要素所有要素都有都有( (饼图饼图）：）：Heating for both room and water Heating for both room and water （对象）（对象） accounts foraccounts for （主要趋势）（主要趋势） the biggest share the biggest share （极值趋势）（极值趋势） of of more than halfmore tha
22、n half （数值）（数值）. . 有时采取有时采取复合句对比复合句对比更好：更好： The first sectionThe first section （对象（对象-1 -1） consumes a little consumes a little bit higherbit higher （主要趋势（主要趋势-1 -1） of 17.5%of 17.5% （数值（数值-1 -1） whilewhile the rest twothe rest two （对象（对象-2 -2） have an have an equalequal share share （主要趋势（主要趋势-2 -2）
23、 of 15%of 15% （数值（数值-1 -1）. . 统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingOther reasonsOther reasons hadhad the the smallest number smallest number in in the the four reasons.four reasons.表达表达-1：其他的原因在这其他的原因在这四个原因中数字四个原因中数字是最小的。是最小的。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingThe
24、 profit The profit doubleddoubled from from March to May.March to May.The profit The profit increased three increased three timestimes ( ( three-fold three-fold ) from ) from March to May.March to May.表达表达-2：5 5月的利润是月的利润是3 3月月的两倍的两倍/ /三倍。三倍。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingThe o
25、ther colors, The other colors, which which constitute 3.12%,constitute 3.12%, are are considerably less considerably less popular thanpopular than blue blue ( ( 12.72%12.72% ) )表达表达-3：其他颜色占其他颜色占3.12%3.12%，极不如蓝色受到欢极不如蓝色受到欢迎，蓝色占迎，蓝色占12.72%12.72%。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingFo
26、r A Company, the For A Company, the income from salesincome from sales is $23 is $23 million,million, makingmaking the the companycompany the lowest onethe lowest one in sales.in sales.表达表达-4：A A公司的销售收入公司的销售收入23002300万美元，销万美元，销售排行最低。售排行最低。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingB B Com
27、pany Company tops the tops the listlist, , with a sales figure with a sales figure aboutabout $70 million. $70 million.表达表达-5：B B公司的销售收入公司的销售收入排行第一排行第一, ,约约70007000万美元。万美元。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingChina has 1.3 billion China has 1.3 billion people, people, accounting for
28、accounting for one fifth ofone fifth of the the worlds population.worlds population.表达表达-6：中国有中国有1313亿人口，亿人口，占世界总人口的占世界总人口的五分之一五分之一。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingThere are 12 staff There are 12 staff members with members with masters degree, masters degree, making upmaking up
29、 nearly nearly a a quarter ofquarter of the workforce. the workforce. 表达表达-7：十二人有硕士学十二人有硕士学位，占职工总数位，占职工总数的四分之一的四分之一。统计数据统计数据句型句型WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingThe number The number increased increased by by 70%70% during the last during the last decade. ( decade. ( 动词动词 ) ) There was Ther
30、e was an increase an increase of of 70%70% during the last during the last decade. ( decade. ( 名词名词 ) )表达表达-8：在过去的十年里在过去的十年里数字增长了数字增长了70%70%。 饼图饼图写作练手写作练手 教材教材 P217P217 现在做！（只描述饼图。）现在做！（只描述饼图。） Now, workNow, work！( 10 minutes )( 10 minutes )WWWSkillsSkillsSkills RITING RITING RITING 实战练习实战练习P P21721
31、7饼图主体段饼图主体段写作示范写作示范1 1As can be seen from the pie chartAs can be seen from the pie chart, it is thought , it is thought that the costs of adult education should be shared that the costs of adult education should be shared by three sections: taxpayer, individual and by three sections: taxpayer, indiv
32、idual and employer. employer. ( (第一句话综括组成部分，下面细说第一句话综括组成部分，下面细说。) ) To be more specific, To be more specific, individualindividual ( (对象对象-1 -1) ) should should pay pay ( (主要趋势主要趋势) ) the largest portion, the largest portion, making upmaking up ( (极极值趋势值趋势) ) 40% 40% ( (极值极值- -最大最大) ) of the whole c
33、osts. of the whole costs. Compared with individual, Compared with individual, the proportion of the proportion of taxpayertaxpayer ( (对象对象-2 -2) ) is less, is less, ( (极值极值- -最小最小) ) accounting accounting for for ( (极值趋势极值趋势) ) 25%25% ( (数值数值) ). Then, . Then, the percentage the percentage of employ
34、er of employer ( (对象对象-3 -3) ) stands atstands at ( (主要趋势主要趋势) ) the the middle of the list, which constitutes middle of the list, which constitutes ( (极值极值- -中中) ) 35% 35% ( (数值数值) ). .P P217217饼图主体段饼图主体段写作示范写作示范2 2The given The given pie chartpie chart outlines people outlines peoples s opinion ab
35、out the opinion about the cost sharecost share for each course for each course. . As a wholeAs a whole, it is thought that the , it is thought that the expenditure of adult education should be dividedshould be divided among three among three categoriescategories: taxpayers, : taxpayers, individuals
36、and employers. (individuals and employers. (第第1-21-2句话综括，下句话综括，下面详细介绍数据面详细介绍数据。) ) SpecificallySpecifically, the taxpayer , the taxpayer ( (对象对象-1 -1) ) accounts foraccounts for（主要趋势主要趋势） thethe minimum minimum shareshare ( 25% ) ( 25% ) whilewhile the individual ( the individual (对象对象-2 -2) ) takes
37、 uptakes up 40%, 40%, the maximum partthe maximum part. (. (极值极值) The ) The other 35% (other 35% (数值数值) of the ) of the school expense goes goes forfor the employer ( the employer (对象对象-3 -3), which is much ), which is much higher higher ( (极值极值) ) thanthan that of the that of the formerformer ( ( 1
38、0%10% ) ) but a but a slight lowerslight lower( ( 5%5% ) than that of the ) than that of the latterlatter. .It It is clearly seen fromis clearly seen from the chart that the the chart that the costcost should be borne should be borne accordingly.accordingly.Pie chart Pie chart 主体段主体段模版模版: :The pie c
39、hart The pie chart depictsdepicts the the proportionproportion of_. of_. It It consists of consists of _ segments, with the _ segments, with the largestlargest ( (smallestsmallest) ) oneone representing representing _ of the total. _ of the total. _takes uptakes up _, _, becoming the second largestb
40、ecoming the second largest ( (smallestsmallest) ) _. _. All the restAll the rest_, _, go togo to_ and_, _ and_, constituting constituting * *% and $%, % and $%, respectivelyrespectively. . It can be seen from the chart that _.It can be seen from the chart that _. 图表题图表题 饼图饼图WWWSkillsSkillsSkills RIT
41、ING RITING RITING 巩固练习巩固练习Writing Task - 1WWWSkillsSkillsSkills riting riting ritingYou should spend about 20 minutes on You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.this task.The pie chart below shows the main The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes reasons why ag
42、ricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows these less productive. The table shows these causes affected three regions of the world causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting Summarise the information by selecting
43、and reporting the main features, and and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.Write at least 150 words.参考答案参考答案The pie chart shows that there are four main The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farm
44、land becoming degraded in the causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today.(world today.(主题句，以下介绍具体数据，为支主题句，以下介绍具体数据，为支持句。持句。） GloballyGlobally, 65% of degradation is , 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, c
45、onstituting 35% and 30% clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectivelyrespectively. . （支持句支持句-1 -1，写两个最大值。，写两个最大值。）A A further 28% of global degradation is due to further 28% of global degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops. over-cultivation of crops. （支持句支持句-2 -2，提中间，提中间值。值。） Other cause
46、s account for only 7% Other causes account for only 7% collectivelycollectively. . （支持句支持句-3 -3，写最小值。，写最小值。） 技巧提示：技巧提示： 三个副词体现饼图分扇之于整体的关系。三个副词体现饼图分扇之于整体的关系。课后练习课后练习 20 minutes 20 minutesYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The two pie charts s
47、how the types of The two pie charts show the types of communication used in 1962 and in munication used in 1962 and in 1982.Write a report to describe the information Write a report to describe the information shown in the graph.shown in the graph.Write at least 150 words.Write at least 150 words.P3
48、5% L50%C15%C30% P60%L10%19621982P: phone C: computer L: letterkeykey开首段开首段The two pie chartsThe two pie charts compare compare different different methodsmethods of communication used in 1962 of communication used in 1962 and (and (inin)1982.)1982.主体段主体段-1 -1 We can see from theWe can see from the f
49、irst first pie chart pie chart that in 1962, letter had that in 1962, letter had the highest the highest percentagepercentage in the three types of in the three types of communication, communication, taking uptaking up 50%. 50%. ( (极值：大极值：大) ) At that time, the percentage of At that time, the percen
50、tage of telephone ( telephone ( 35%35% ) ) was much higher than was much higher than that ofthat of computer (15%). computer (15%). ( (比较大小比较大小) ) 主体段主体段-2 -2According to the According to the second second pie chart in pie chart in 1982, the telephone, 1982, the telephone, which was 60%,which was 60