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1、第一单元知识点1.abstract 1) adj.深奥的，抽象的e.g. Beauty is abstract but a house is not. 2) v. 提炼，抽取；概括，写摘要e.g. Rubber is abstracted from trees. e.g. He is abstracting a story for a book review. 他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。3）n. an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要2.Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your h
2、ome? would rather do sth情愿做e.g. I would rather stay at home today. would rather sb do sth情愿 sb做e.g. I would rather you came here tomorrow. would rather do sth than do sth = would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth e.g. I would rather go wi
3、th you than stay here.= I would go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer going with you to staying here. 3.faith n. 信任,信仰break ones faith with sb. 对某人不守信用keep faith with忠于信仰 ; 守信have faith in相信, 信任lose faith in 不再相信in good faith 老实地；诚恳地e.g. I kept
4、faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。He who loses faith, loses all. 失去信心的人 , 失去所有。faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的be faithful to 对忠诚4.consequentlyadv. 所以，因此e.g. Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. consequent adj. 作为结果的 ,随之发生的consequence n. 结果as a consequence/result = in conseque
5、nce as a consequence/result of = because of e.g. She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 5.aim A1) n. 目标(C) e.g. What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么 ? without aim 无目的的 / 无目标的achieve one s aim达到目标miss one s aim 打不中目标(U) 对准, 瞄准take aim ate.g. The hunter took aim at the lion. 2）v
6、. (以枪等 ) 对准,瞄准 aim ataim at the target=take aim at the target 瞄准靶子e.g. He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的She led an aimless life. B. 打算,计划, 以为目标 , 立志做aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到 ,力争达到e.g. Harry aims at becoming a doctor./Harry aims to become a doctor. 6.ev
7、ident adj. 明白的 , 明显的e.g. The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that e.g. Its evident that you are tired. n. evidence 证据;证明in evidence = evident 明显的7.realistic 现实主义的 ,逼真的 ,现实的in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式realism现实主义realist 现实主义者real adj. 真的realize v
8、. 实现8. adopt vt. 1).采取;采纳;吸收精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页e.g. After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 2).过继,收养(+as) e.g. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 3).正式通过 ,接受e.g. The agenda was adopted after some discussion. adopted adj. 被
9、收养的，被采用的an adopted child 9.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。1） “有，拥有”e.g. The library possesses a number of the artist s early works. 2） “具有的特质”be possessed of sth 意为“具有某种品质或特征”3） “支配，控制”e.g. He was possessed by the desire to be rich. possession 【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）personal possessions 个人财产e.g. The ring is one of h
10、er most valuable possessions. 【u】占有，拥有Take/get/have/gain possession of占领，夺取in possession of (表主动）占in the possession of=in one s possession （表被动）被占有e.g. He is in of the house. 他拥有这套房子。The house is in the of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。10. convince vt. “使确信；使信服”convince sb. to do sth. .说服某人做convince sb of sth co
11、nvince sb+ that 从句使某人确信某事e.g. He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。I was convinced that he was sincere. sb. be convinced of sth sb. be convinced that 某人确信。 。11.attempt v.尝试，企图 , 努力去执行或完成attempt doing反复尝试做attempt to do企图做attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing e.g. I attempted to speak but was t
12、old to be quiet. n. 1) 企图或努力2)袭击；攻击an attempt on someones life对某人生命的攻击make an attempt to do sth /at doing sth尝试做at one s attempt 在尝试下one s first attempt 初次尝试e.g. She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。12.on the other hand 另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。On one hand on the other hand一方面另一方面e.g.
13、 This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don t have to work long hours. On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don t have enough money. at hand在手边，在附近by hand用手的，手工的go hand in hand with与共同行动13.figure 1) 外形;体形;人影e.g. I saw a figure in the darkness. 2) 体态;风姿e.g. She has a
14、slender figure. 3)人物;名人e.g. He has become a figure known to everyone. 4) 数字e.g. Where did you get those figures? 14.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的 ;有闯劲的 ;侵略性的 ;好斗的e.g. He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。an aggressive salesman 一干劲很大的售货员aggressive weapons 攻击性武器精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7
15、 页2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地3)aggression n. 侵略（行动） aggressor n. 侵略者15.in the flesh 活生生，本人，亲自flesh n.肌肉;肉e.g. Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯e.g. Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood. lose flesh减肥gain/put on flesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的16.preference 1)更加
16、的喜爱 ,偏爱UC(+for) e.g. A window seat is my preference. 我喜欢靠窗的座位。2)偏爱的事物 (或人)C e.g. Which is your preference, tea or coffee? 3)偏袒U(+for) e.g. Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 4)优先(权);优惠权 UC in preference to 优先于have a preference for 偏爱e.g. I have a preference for classic
17、 music. I d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 17.appeal vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth . e.g. He appealed to me for help. 2)诉诸,求助(+to) e.g. We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3)有吸引力,迎合爱好 (+to) e.g. The idea appealed to Mary. 4)【律】上诉 (+to/against) e.g. He app
18、ealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 18.reputationn. 名誉,名声(+for) e.g. The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. Cheating at the game ruined that player s reputation. live up to one s reputation不负盛名lose one s reputation失去盛名win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉19. more than名词意
19、为“ 不仅仅 ”e.g. Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 1) more than+数词，意为“ 超过”相当于 over，其反义词组为 less than 。e.g. There are more than two hundred people in the park. 2)“more than 形容词 /副词”是“ 很”或“非常 ”的意思。e.g. I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。3) 在“more . than .”结构中，肯定“ more”后
20、面的内容而否定“ than”后面的部分，常译为“是而不是”或 “与其说不如说 ” 。e.g. Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。20.contemporary1)adj.当代的 ;同时代的 ;同年龄的e.g. His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. He has furniture of contemporary style. be contemporary with 与同时代e
21、.g. Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare? 琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈 ? 2)n. C 同时代的人 ,同年龄的人；同时期的东西；当代人 ,现代人e.g. He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页1. You have to be _. Anybody like you without any _ experience is not likely to be g
22、iven a big salary even if you graduate from a famous university. . A. true; realistic B. realistic; practical C. practical; realistic D. real; realistic 2. Sculptures are something _ but the concepts they demonstrate are _, which takes wisdom to understand A. real; subtract B.concrete; abstract C. r
23、ealistic; subscribe D. specific; conventional 3. Have faith _ yourself, be faithful _your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success. A. of; of B. in; in C. to; in D. in; to 4. Plowing the field is the _ means to grow crops in China, typical _ the Chinese farming f
24、or thousands of years. A. controversial; with B. traditional; in C. conventional; of D. contemporary; to 5. Strict measures have to be _ to protect_ children from family abuses. A. adapted; adopted B. adopted; adopted C. adjusted; adjusted D. attached; adopted 6. Students are given a lot of exercise
25、s to do, _ to improve their grades. A. aimed B. aiming C. to be aimed D. to aim 7. Nobody knows for sure who possessed the ancient flower vase. In other words, nobody knows for sure who is _ of the flower vase. A. in possession B. in the possession C. of the possession D. with possession 8. The stor
26、y is totally made up. If _ it happens to be _ anyone s experience, we are here to apologize. A. by coincidence; similar to B. by accident; in coincidence with C. by chance; by coincidence with D. X; in coincidence to 9. Whether euthanasia( 安乐死 ) should be made legal has been _ in the law circle for
27、many years. A. conventional B. controversial C. potential D. experimental 10. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own _, which follows everywhere you go when there is light. A. shade B. shadow C. figure D. sculpture 11. I have heard of the famous scholar thousands of times but haven t seen
28、him _. A. in the flesh B. in personal C. in flesh D. in private 12. All visitors were amazed at the skills and _ the artist _ when carving the figure on the marble A. technologies; showed B. techniques; displayed C. technology; made D. technique; displayed 13. In such a _ situation, we have to be ca
29、reful of what we say and what we do. A. delicate B. fragile C. weak D. flexible 14. It _ a superb mind to predict what will exactly happen in the future. A. takes B. costs C. spends D. makes 15. It still remains a mystery why some people are _ certain flower fragrance while others are not. A. allerg
30、ic to B. accustomed to C. addicted to D. appealing to 16. Egypt _ a high reputation of ancient civilization across the world A. likes B. appreciates C. enjoys D. is fond of 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页17. _ of time and energy has been spent in making the earthquake-strick
31、en areas a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be. A. Large quantities B. A great deal C. A good many D. A plenty 18. The girl _ to figure out what the boy s attempt was _ by giving her a bunch of roses but without success . A. managed; X B. succeeded; on C. attem
32、pted; at D. tried; on 19. Visual teaching aids _ to students and help them learn better but _ they should not be overused in class. A. attract; on the other hand B. appeal; on the other hand C. hold interest; on other hand D. are interested; on one hand 20. _ exhibits made of clay on exhibition have
33、 to be taken special care of _ them from being damaged . A. Delicate; preventing B. Fragile; to stop C. Weak; to keep D. Faint; keeping 21. The old man enjoys collecting signatures of cotemporary famous people _ famous paintings. A. with preference of B. in preference to C. in preference for D. with
34、 preference to 22. The district committee _ having a big headache in _ with the aggressive boys who make trouble now and then in the area. A. is; dealing B. are; dealing C. is; doing D. are; doing 23. Please give us a _ explanation _ why you have done so _ in geometry in school. A. specific; to; wel
35、l B. concrete; for; good C. general; to; wonderful D. specific; to; good 24. -I hear there is an art gallery around here and could you tell me how to get to it, sir? -It is _207 on the Fifth Avenue. Walk down this street and you _. A. on; can t miss it B. at; can t avoid it C. on; can t escape D. at
36、; can t miss it 25. Students are burdened with too much exercises, _ their school grade. A. aiming to improve B. aiming at improving C. aimed to improve D. aimed to improving 虚拟语气一、基本含义：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。二、用法：（一）用于非真实条件句1. 条件句：1）真实条件句指假设的情况有可能发生的条件句，用陈述语气。2） 非真实条件句
37、指假设的情况是过去或限制都不存在的，或将来也不大可能发生的，用虚拟语气精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页2. if 条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：【学以致用】（2012 湖南高考） Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. Had （二）用于宾语从句1. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气wish 后的宾语从句中谓
38、语的形式例句与现在事实相反的愿望动词的过去式 (be 用 were) I wish that I knew something about programming. 与过去事实相反的愿望过去完成式They wish that they hadn t told it to us. 将来的愿望would/could/should/might+V原I wish he could come tomorrow. 【学以致用】(2011 北京高考 ) Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined. I wish the
39、y _ always late. A. weren t B. hadn t been C. wouldn t be D. wouldn t have been 2. 表示主观意愿的动词后 ，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用 “should +动词原形 ”, should 可省略如： suggest 建议require 要求 demand 要求insist 坚持要求order/ command 命令e.g. He suggested that we (should) set a deadline for the completion of the plan. They require that park
40、ing (should) be allowed here. 他们要求允许在此处停车。He insisted that she fasten her safety belt. 他要求她系好安全带。注：suggest表示“表明，暗示”，insist 表示“坚持某一说法”时，后宾语从句用陈述语气。e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied. 他脸上的表情表明他很满意。He insisted that he had not stolen the car and insisted that he (should)be s
41、et free at once. 他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车，并坚持要求立刻释放他。【学以致用】(2013 陕西高考 ) My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. Would if 条件句主句例句与 现 在 事实相反动词过去式 (be 用 were) would/could/should/might+V 原If I were you, I would take an umbrella. (我不是你 ) If I knew his telephone nu
42、mber, I would tell you. (我不知道 ) 与 将 来 事实相反动词过去式 (be 用 were) If he came/ should come/ were to come here tomorrow, I should/ would talk to him. (他来的可能性很小) should + V 原were to + V 原精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页3. would rather 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气现在或将来的愿望would rather + 主语+动词过去式I would
43、rather he left now. I would rather he came earlier tomorrow. 与过去事实相反的愿望would rather+ 主语+动词的过去完成式I would rather I had not lied yesterday. (事实上昨天撒谎了) 【学以致用】(2010 江苏高考 ) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he _ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would foc
44、us D. had focused 【即学即练】1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a letter to him. A. knew; would send B. had known; would send B. know; would send D. knew; would have sent 2. I wish I _ a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early. A. have B. had C. had had D. will have 3. If the contest _ tomorro
45、w, I would probably go to see it. A. is to take place B. were to take place C. was taken place D. would take place 4. She required at the meeting that measures _ to protect the environment which we rely on to live. A. should take B. must take C. could be taken D. be taken 5. Grace doesn t want to mo
46、ve to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldn t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 6. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ tall when he grows up. A. would have been B. were C.would be D. had been 7. His pale face su
47、ggests that he _ seriously ill. I suggest that he _ a doctor immediately. A. is; see B. should be; saw C. is; must see D. should be; sees 8. She looks upset. Yes, I d rather I _ her bad news. A. didn t tell B. don t tell C. hadn t told D. wouldn t tell 9. If it were not for the fact that you _busy now, I would ask you for help. A. were B. are C. would be D. had been 10. When do you suggest _? A. the patient be operated on B. should the patient be operated on C. the patient could be operated on D. could the patient be operated on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页