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1、学习必备欢迎下载完形填空专项一、 复习思路1.梳理完形填空的技巧方法2.扩充词汇运用二、复习要点完型填空题的特点完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。 上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、 形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文 为主， 说明文 为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。完型填空解题步骤1 -通览 - 速度全文，把握大意快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。2 -试填 - 紧扣文意，瞻前顾后先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注
2、意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3 -复核 - 全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应完型填空高频词汇动词convince; guarantee; ensure; transfer; exist; strike; claim; demonstrate; charge; assemble; reveal; skip; vary; monitor; assess; isolate; classify; distract; embarras
3、s; stretch; believe; make; consume; dip; shut; replace, reduce, increase, destroy; expand; narrow; strengthen; weaken; protect; punish; warn; contribute; devote; decorate; drain; maintain; preserve; exhaust; exploit; impose; inspire; pioneer; overcome; resist; shift; switch; plunge; account for; pos
4、tpone; access; remind; inform; amuse; assume; obtain; distribute; anticipate(预期 ); cultivate; recognize; discomfort; threaten; demand; indicate. 名词instinct; ingredient; evidence; miracle; tendency; exposure; principle; efficiency; contribution; contact; infection; opposition; pronunciation; transfor
5、mation; principle; standards; measure; solution; crisis; innovation; material; resource; improvement; appearance; 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载stability; smoke; cost; bargain; miracle; existence; trend; delivery; mood; spirit; appetite; stomach; strength; muscle;
6、purpose; concept; means; access; variety; alternative; combination; achievement; option; interaction; affirmation; expectation; communication; ecotourism, background, prevention 形容词considerate; aggressive; qualified; reluctant; delicate; positive; negative; ignorant; informative; casual; curious; in
7、curable; demanding; reasonable; social; psychological; evident; vital; constant; terrible; wasteful; wonderful; useful; fashionable; beautiful; historic; worthless; ordinary; meaningless; sensitive; agreeable; graceful; financial; appropriate; defensive; fateful （重大的，决定性的）; fruitful （富有成效的，多产的）; sen
8、sitive; multiple; resistant; accessible; critical; reasonable; inevitable; essential; dramatic; fulfilling （令人满意的，能实现个人抱负的）; efficient; ideal; employable; available; respectful（恭敬的，有礼貌的）; negative; frequent; unskilled; compulsory 副词agreeably; slightly; accidentally; occasionally; physically; psychol
9、ogically; thoroughly; vaguely; orally; repeatedly; dramatically; subconsciously; carelessly, regularly; while; recently ;nearly; rarely; mostly; least; oppositely; unfortunately; frankly; In addition, In short; otherwise; eventually necessarily flexibly; naturally; actually, nevertheless, fortunatel
10、y, definitely, narrowly, widely, practically 完型填空解题技巧解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest
11、 in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation i
12、s taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_. 51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language 解题思路二：顺应文意, 定位选词。做题时 , 要充分利用上下文, 找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词
13、或反义词 , 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。 Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.51.A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyram
14、ids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and _52_ could provide information for later generations. 52. A. books B. history C. ruins D. science 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载The continuous presentation of frightening storie
15、s about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it _51_ our kids. 51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits 解题思路三：注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 The department for Education and Skills wants to 60 teaching of modem f
16、oreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater 61 to foreign language learning. 60. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. offer 61. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach 解析：教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以60 选 D。61 题考查固定搭配access to的用法，学生需要总结相关acces
17、s的搭配， have access to 或者 offer access to，to 是介词。That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to _62_ team spirit. 62.A. build up B. put down C. take over D. make out A _60_ of people now believe incorrectly that global warming is not even caused by h
18、umans. 60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd 解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动） in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different_51_ for international visitors than it was earlier
19、 in the 21st century. 51. A.experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion A traveler from a country_60_ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether
20、 the traveler is_61_to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks. 60.A.persevering B. previewing C. participating D. promoting 61.A.accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable 解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。EFL teachers often comp
21、lain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. Theyre too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them. 63. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of 64. A. amuse B. inform C. remind D. embarrass 解题思路六 :
22、 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。1. 在完形填空中, 某一词语通常重复出现, 使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体。First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与
23、之相连的词汇。1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：school-primary school middle school collegeuniversity students pupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：school teachlearn attend founddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3） 形容词同现 ; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：（key）school（optional ）course（c
24、ompulsory ）course 4）结构同现 : 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如： some ,others; on onehand,on the other hand; former ,latter; sothat; not only but also; hardly/scarcely when ; no sooner than ; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when ; I put my head in
25、, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion The 60 Knows .Smell, however, does seem to play
26、 a part in human attraction.60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand 解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。In today s American society, high school dropout has day by day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family _51_ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout a
27、re grabbing headlines in media. 51.A. objections B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness 答案：B。 长难句分析，第一层是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句是school dropout has grown into a big problem. 后面紧跟动名词做定语。As 从句中caused 过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the languag
28、e of the home for 53 the majority of children . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of
29、instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a _55_ awareness of their special needs. 55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping 解析：55 题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing 表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是 while 引导的让步状语从句。在 while 从句中运用了help sb do sth 的结构。在主句中， where 引导
30、的定语从句，先行词是countries.解题思路八：仔细推敲, 注重逻辑。做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑 ; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：1. 递进in addit
31、ion, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what s more, what s worse, to make matters worse, to make things worse , worse still 2.比较in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary,
32、 while 4.因果because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.强调certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially ，in particular, absolutely 6.让步although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例for example, for instance, th
33、at is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief,
34、 all in all, in all, in summary 表示转折关系：例 1： (浦东新区20XX 年二模 ) a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. . The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, _58_, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted mat
35、erials. 58. A. in return B. for instance C. by contrast D. in general 答案解析：绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30% 的能源，与之形成对比的是，传统建筑会导致更高的能源成本及材料的浪费。所以选C，与上文形成转折对比。例 2：(普陀区 20XX 年二模 ) The following numbers would be 55 for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them in “ chunks ” , and it becomes much easier.
36、1492 1789 1993 1848.55. A. convenient B. impossible C. meaningful D. technical 答案解析： 两句之间的But 表明是转折关系， 下文出现了 “it becomes much easier ”， 所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible 。表示因果关系：例 1：(浦东新区 20XX 年二模 )_51_ its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy tha
37、n a 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载conventional office building. 51. A. In place of B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. In addition to 答案解析：句意是“ 由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源 ” ，所以此空可得出答案为B。例 2：(浦东新区 20XX 年二模 )a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that
38、 on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be _57_ quickly. 57. A. recovered B. gained C. counted D. valued 答案解析：句意是“ 绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30% 能源，所以增加的建筑成本可以很快回收。” 提示词 So,表明上下文为因果关系，所以选A. 表示并列关系：例 1：(浦东新区 20XX 年二模 ) improve employee s health and pro
39、ductivity, reduce legal liability, and _56_ property values and rental returns. 56. A. involve B. enhance C. share D. show 答案解析：句意是“ 绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报” ，根据 and可看出此空是与前面的improve 构成并列。四个选项中，只有 B 表示 “ 增强或提高 ” ，所以答案为B。表示条件关系：例 1：(普陀区 20XX 年二模 ) Life would be so much easier if we could r
40、emember things 51 . 51. A. effortlessly B. purposefully C. exactly D. carelessly 答案解析：句意是“ 生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。” 所以选 A。表示解说关系：例 1：(普陀区 20XX 年二模 ) there is nothing 61 about these methods- they were around even in ancient times. 61. A. effective B. awful C. valuable D. new答案解析： 句意是 “ 这些方法没有什么新颖之处-他们在古代就
41、已经有了。” 句中的破折号表示解释说明，所以选 D。例题及练习Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住 ) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In
42、the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business52 that the customer remains a customer. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页
43、，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surpr
44、ising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in
45、the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的 ) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent. In the US, Domino s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on
46、 their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “ In practice most companies marketing effort i
47、s focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them” , says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “ Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually c
48、ost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. 50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of
49、all 51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe 52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving 53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing 54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses 55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. Economical 56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference 57.
50、A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget 58. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary 59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest 61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting 62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Esta