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1、学习必备欢迎下载课题：定语从句一、导入在运用句子的时候，如果单一的使用简单句，会显得太过于单调乏味。所以在使用句子的过程中， 适当的使用复合句，可以让文章更加生动。在一个句子当中，可以修饰名词的成分有很多， 包括定语和定语从句。例如， 一个漂亮的女孩， “漂亮的” 是定语， 用来修饰名词 “女孩” ；她是一个穿红裙子的漂亮的女孩，带有“的”的整个句子就是定语从句，也是用来修饰名词。 我们再看看例句，定语到定语从句就是词到句子的变化。本节课主要讲的是定语从句的运用。二、定语从句的运用观察下面的句子，看看划线部分与前面句子有什么关系以及这三个句子有什么相似之处。1. I m reading a b
2、ook. The book is about Bill Gates. I m reading a book that is about Bill Gates. 2. He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. He is a teacher that teaches us Chinese. 3. I don t like the man. The man is smoking. I don t like the man that is smoking. 我们先来看一下第一个句子， “我正在看一本书。 这本书关于比尔盖茨” ， 第二句的句意是
3、 “我正在看一本关于比尔盖茨的书”。可以看出，前面两个短句中同时出现了book，重复的单词我们用来改，让句子更加简练。在这个长句里面，“我正在看书”是主句， “一本关于比尔盖茨的” 是定语， 用来修饰书。后面的句子很明显是由前面的两个短句融合而成。现在来分析第二和第三组句子。通过观察这些句子，我们可以看出后面的长句子是由前面的两个简单句融合而成。而在复合句中，前面部分的句子为主句，而划线部分的句子是充当定语，用来修饰，句子当中的that和后半部分组成一个句子来修饰前面的名词，使之更加完整。 现在我们来完整地分析定语从句。关系代词I m reading a book that is about
4、Bill Gates. 先行词定语从句接下来我们来看这个句子，先翻译。关系代词The novel that Tom bought is very interesting. 先行词定语从句主句是“小说很有趣” ，定语从句是“Tom 买了小说”，所以 that 充当宾语。总结：在定语从句中，关系代词不仅可以充当主语，还可以充当宾语。三、完成练习，分析下列句子成分，找出主句、定语从句、关系代词，以及说明先行词在从句中充当的成分是什么1. The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang. 2. I d like to see the films th
5、at are just on show. 3. This is the doctor that saved the boy s life. 4. The cake that my mother made is delicious. 5. Where is the picture that you bought last week? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载四、关系代词在定语从句中，关系代词不一定是that，观察下面的例句，先分析句子成分，看看以下例句的关系代词有什么相同和不同之处1. I m
6、 reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates. 2. He is a teacher that/who teaches us Chinese. 3. I don t like the man that/who is smoking. 4. I d like to see the films that/which are just on show. 5. I lost a book whose cover is red. 由以上的句子可以看出，that 可以指代人或物，who 用来指代人，which 用来指代物。第五个句子中，先来翻译。主句是“我丢
7、了一本书”， “封面是红色的” ，结合起来便是“我丢了一本封面是红色的书” ， 定语从句部分还包含着定语，所以用 whose 来连接。 (注意，用 whose时，定语从句的主语前面没有冠词) 五、完成练习，填入相应的关系代词，后面两道翻译1. This is the man _ wants to see you. 2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua 3. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday. 4. The woman _ you saw is our geog
8、raphy teacher. 5. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time. 6. The man _ you went to see has come. 7. These books _ you lent me were very useful. 8. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball. 9. This is my friend _ father is a doctor. 10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan 11. 这是我
9、两天前买的那本杂志。12. 正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。六、关系副词刚刚前面所学到的是定语从句缺少成分的情况，如果定语从句缺少主语或者宾语，依照具体情况填入相应的关系代词。但是有另外一种情况，便是定语从句不缺少任何成分。如果定语从句不缺少成分，那么填入的便是关系副词。那么， 如何选择关系代词？先分析下列句子成分，再观察关系副词。1. Where 指地点，在从句中充当地点状语。This is the place where we lived ten years ago. =in which This is the park where we held a birthday party.= in w
10、hich 2. When 指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。He told me the date when he joined the Party. =on which She won t forget the day when they stayed together. = on which 3. Why 指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。I know the reason why she was so angry. =for which 从以上的句子可以看出，如果定语从句不缺少成分，就要用关系副词来引导定语从句，充当精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
11、- - - -第 2 页，共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载状语。七、完成练习，分析下列句子成分，找出定语从句，分析句中关系副词的作用。1. He came at a time when we needed him most. 2. This is the room where he put up for the night. 3. I know the reason why she studies so well. 八、完成练习，填入相应的关系副词1. The reason _ she was late is not so acceptable. 2. He is living in a newly
12、-built house _ there used to be a pond. 3. A birthday is the date _ one was born. 4. People will always remember the time _ Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland. 5. That is a beautiful campus _ I made a lot dreams. 6. He didn t tell her the reason _ he was so happy. 九、句型转换我们知道定语从句是一个复合句，他是
13、由两个或两个以上的简单句改写而来。那么简单句与定语从句之间是如何转换的呢？1. I m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. I m reading a book that is about Bill Gates. 2. I lost a book. Its cover is red. I lost a book whose cover is red. 3. The boy is my friend. The boy s father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is
14、 my friend. 4. This is the park. We held a birthday party in the park. This is the park where we held a birthday party.从以上三个例句可以看出，如果两个简单句要合并成一个定语从句，一定要观察两个句子之间的关系，并确定选择的先行词、关系词。十、完成练习，句型转换1. She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill. 2. She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her. 3
15、. The girl is my cousin. The girl is watering the flowers. 4. This is the mistake. I always make the mistake. 5. This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. 十一、用定语从句翻译下列句子1. 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。2. 我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。3. 这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. 十二、总结本节课学习了定语从句的基础，学习定语从句首先要学会分析定语从句的先行词、定语从句与先行词的关
16、系和引导词的选择。十三、课后作业(一)分析句子1. This is the professor who taught me chemistry in 1980. 2. This is the boy whose father died three years ago. 3. The film that we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载4. They work in a factory where
17、 radios are made. 5. 1949 is the year when the People s Republic of China was founded. (二)句型转换1. The letter is from my uncle. I received it yesterday. 2. I always remember the days. We spent them together. 3. The girl is not here now. She told me the news. 4. The house is our library. Its door is pa
18、inted red. 5. This is the tree. He was climbing it yesterday. (三)填入相应的关系词1. The friends _ I went with were my classmates in middle school. 2. The lady _ daughter is only 18 months old is working in a company. 3. The seats _ we chose were near the door. 4. The reason _ she liked it was very simple. 5
19、. The time _ we studied together was very happy. 6. I still remember the day _ is his birthday. 7. I still remember the day _ I first came to school. 8. This is the house _ they built ten years ago. 9. This is the house _ they lived ten years ago. 10. The reason _ he gave me is reasonable. 11. The reason _ he was late is reasonable. (四)翻译句子1. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。2. 我们现在学习的商务英语非常有用。3. 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？4. 正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. 5. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页