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1、初二八年级英语动词不定式 学案一、动词不定式的用法【教材原句】Id like to help homeless people. 我想帮助无家可归的人。She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.她志愿一周一次去那儿帮助孩子们学习读书。【概念】动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成；不定式可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语。【用法】不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语
2、、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语；但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。常用句型:It +be + adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. It + be + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 【例句】It is bad to smoke. 吸烟不好。It is nice of you to help
3、me. 你帮助我，真好。【考题链接】_ is difficult to work out the maths problem.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. Its2. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式常在wish, hope, dream等后作表语。【例句】His dream is to become an actor. 他的梦想是当一名演员。【考题链接】Their wish is _ a nice house.A. own B. owning C. owns D. to own3. 动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choos
4、e, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.记住忘记去做某事；rememb
5、er/forget doing sth. 记得忘记做过某事。【例句】I like to work with her. 我喜欢和她在一起工作。He stopped to talk to me when we met in the street. 我们在路上遇到，他停下来和我说话。Stop talking! Class begins. 不要说话了。上课了。【考题链接】We found it difficult _ to the top of the mountain.A. get B. to get C. getting D. to getting4. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作后置定语时，与被
6、修饰的词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has 某事to do”或“enough名词to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。【例句】I want to have something to eat. 我想吃点东西。【考题链接】They have no paper_.A. to write B. to write withC. write onD . to write on5. 动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, li
7、ke, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感（feel），二听（listen to, hear），三让（let, make, have），四看（look at, see, watch, notice），半帮助（help）（即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无）”。【例句】Please tell him to do it. 请让他去做这事。My brother often he
8、lps me （to） do the housework. 我哥哥经常帮助我做家务。 【考题链接】Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. has B. have C. to have D. having6. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。【例句】She is too young to look after
9、herself. 她太小不能照顾自己。【考题链接】_ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak7. 动词不定式可与疑问词连用动词不定式可与疑问词what, which, where, when, how等连用。【例句】I dont know what to do. 我不知道做什么。【考题链接】_the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use
10、8. 动词不定式的否定式： not to + 动词原形。【例句】The teacher asked us not to talk in class. 老师让我们在课堂上不讲话。【考题链接】His mother told him _ in bed.A. dont readB. read notC. to not read D. not to read【即学即练】1. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A . dont make B. not make C. not making D . not to make2. Her brother decided _
11、a new bike.A. buy B. buying C. bought D. to buy3. We made him_ five hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked4. Do you have anything _ for yourself?A. say B. to say C. saying D. said二、短语动词【概念】英语中，有许多动词和介词或副词一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，同一般实义动词一样使用，这类词组称为短语动词。【用法】1. 动词+介词型，宾语只能放在介词后面。常用的短语动词有：look
12、 for 寻找；look after照顾；照料；wait for等待；deal with处理；take after与相像；hear of听说等。【例句】 Im looking for my keys. 我正在寻找我的钥匙。【考题链接】Since the villagers houses have been damaged in the earthquake, the soldiers are helping them _ tents. A. put on B. put off C. put up D. put down2. 动词+副词型，宾语若是名词，名词放在副词的前后均可；宾语若是代词，代词
13、需要放在副词之前。常用的短语动词有：cheer up使高兴起来；clean up打扫干净；put up举起；张贴；搭建；cut up切碎；work out制定出等。【例句】We should cheer her up. 我们应该使她高兴起来。【考题链接】Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better _.A. give up it B. give it up C. take out it D. take it out3. 动词+副词+介词型，宾语只能放在介词后。常用的短语动词有：come up with 想出；提出；run out of用光；耗尽；loo
14、k forward to盼望；catch up with赶上等。【例句】At last he came up with a good idea.最后他想出了一个好办法。【考题链接】Can I borrow some money from you? I_ mine yesterday.A. came up with B. looked forward to C. ran out of D. ran out【例句】He often takes care of his old father. 他经常照顾他的老父亲。【考题链接】My mother was ill. I had to _ at home
15、.A. take care of her B. take her care of C. take care her D. take care her of5. 系动词+形容词+介词型，宾语只能放在介词后。常用的短语动词有：be different from 与不同；be late for迟到；be angry with生气；be similar to类似于；be good at擅长等。【例句】My bike is different from hers. 我的自行车与她的不同。【考题链接】The girl is _.A. good at dancing B. good for dancing
16、C. at good dancing D. for good dancing【即学即练】1. Please _these test papers to each student. A. give off B. give out C. give up D. give in2. This math problem is very difficult, so I cant _it _.A. work; out B. point; out C. set; up D. try; on同步练习（家庭作业）下册units 1-2 语法归纳 动词不定式的用法1. We must do everything w
17、e can our earth cleaner and safer.A. madeB. to makingC. makeD. to make2. You need to take notes at the meeting, so make sure _ a pen and some paper with you.A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. not bring3. Before you go abroad, you need _ about table manners in that country.A. knew B. known C. to kno
18、w D. knowing4. I need some paper _.A. to write B. to write on C. to write in D. writing5. Cars cause most of Beijings air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers _ their cars at home one day each month.A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. to be left6. Oh, terrible! I forgot _ t
19、he window. Its windy.Really? Lets go back home quickly.A. closing B. to close C. closed D. close7. Shopping with me?Sorry, I have a lot of clothes _.A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed8. On her way home Lucy saw a thief _ in a shop. She stopped _ 110 at once.A. steal; call B. to steal; call
20、C. stealing; to call D. stealing; calling9. Martin Murray is a fifteen-year-old boy. He used _ a “problem child”, but luckily, his mother was very patient, and didnt give up _ him.A. to be; try to helpB. being; trying helpingC. to be; trying to helpD. being; try helping10. We all agreed _ for anothe
21、r day, but Jim disagreed _A. to wait; to do so B. to wait; / C. waiting; doing so D. waiting; /下册units 1-2 语法归纳 短语动词的用法1. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _the radio?A. turn down B. turn upC. turn on D. turn in2. My grandmother_ us stories when we were youngA. was used to tell B. is used to t
22、elling C. used to tell D. was used to tell3. It is impolite to _ those people in trouble.A. 1augh to B. 1augh with C. laugh of D. 1augh at4. Im sorry I cant find the library book anywhere.Im afraid you have to _ it.A. send for B. call for C. pay for D. wait for5. Have you _ your new classmates yet?
23、A. had friends with B. made friend with C. got friend to D. made friends with6. Tim, _ your T-shirt at once! It looks so dirty. Sorry, Mum. I was playing football the whole afternoon. A. take off B. take on C. put off D. put on7. Would you mind _ my baby while I am away? Of course not. A. looking fo
24、r B. looking at C. looking after D. looking forward to8. You should really _smoking. It is a terrible habit A. grow up B. pick up C. give up D. look up9. _ my fathers help, I learned to ride the bicycle. A. Thank to B. Thank for C. Thank D. Thanks to10. Jonny came here to _ that everything was all right. A. think over B. look over C. try out D. make sure5