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1、数词英语的数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。数词的基本作用有两个:一、作限定词,与名词一起构成词组。如:onebanana、thefirsttime、thesecondlongestriver。二、用作名词词组的中心词,与其他的限定词一起构成名词词组,在句子中充当主语、宾语、主语补足语、同位语和状语。作主语:Twoofthestudentsareabsenttoday.作宾语:She only likes one of the books given by her father.作主语补足语/表语:Tendividedbytwoisfine. / Shesonlyseventeen.作同位语:
2、Wethreeareallwillingtohelpyou.作状语:The yellow river is the second longest river in China.一、序数词和基数词。five fifth、twelve twelfth、twenty twentieth基数词变序数词。其规律为:1、2、3特殊记,加th从4起;(first、second、third、fourth)8少t、9去e,千万别忘记;(eighth、ninth)逢5逢12, f要把ve替;(fifth、twelfth)20到90,y要变ie;(twentieth、ninetieth)若是几十几,前基后序别倒位;
3、(ninety-first)21-99的两位数,在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成:56 fifty-six二、顺序(编号)表示法。一般来说,编号有两种表示法:1、事物名词+基数词 2、定冠词the+序数词+事物名词例:第一次世界大战 World War One / the first World War;304教室 Room304三、序数词的一个特殊用法。thefirst / lasttodosth 第(最后)一个做sth的人Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetupandthelasttogotobedinmyfamily.数词在考试中虽然不像其它词类那么“热”,但也有其
4、考查的重点和难点,须引起同学们的注意。一、考查基数词的用法 1、基数词hundred、thousand、million等表示确切数目时,其词尾不能加-s,其前面可用数词或several、some等修饰;当表示笼统数目时,其词尾要加-s,可跟of连用,其前不能用数词,但可以用several、some等修饰。【原题再现】_ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day. A. Several millionB. Many millions C. Several millionsD. Many million 【解析】
5、million前可用several修饰,此时其后不能加-s,many不能修饰million。表达“几百万”也可用millions of。答案为A。2、dozen和score的用法要注意以下几点:1)dozen与数词或many、several等连用时,不加-s,所修饰的名词前常省去of。如:two (many, several) dozen pencils。但是,在a dozen of these / those people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of,这是习惯用法。 2)two score of people中应加of,但在three score and ten p
6、eople (70人)中,不加of。3)表示“几十;许多”时,可使用dozens of;scores of形式。【原题再现】Mr. Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner party. A. asked; dozenB. suggested; dozens of C. had; dozenD. persuaded; dozens 【解析】dozen前有具体数字或some,several等修饰时要用单数形式;have作使役动词时,应该用省略to的动词不定式作宾补。答案为A。3、注意年龄、年代的表达法。表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in ones
7、 +逢十的基数词复数”;表达“在几十年代”时,用“in the +逢十的基数词复数”。【原题再现】It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s; theB. the 90s; / C. 90s; theirD. the 90s; their 【解析】根据题意,第一空应表示“年代”;第二空表示“在50多岁的时候”。答案为D。二、考查序数词的用法 序数词一般由基数词+th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentie
8、th;fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有:first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一;又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a(an)。【原题再现】The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 【解析】从句意可知,第一空表示“再一”,应填a;第二空表示顺序“第二”,应填
9、the。答案为C。 三、考查分数和百分数的用法 表示几分之几或百分之几的人或物时,须在分数或百分数和人或物之间加of。若充当主语,谓语动词的数须与of后的名词保持一致。【原题再现】_ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are 【解析】“五分之二”应为“two fifths”;land是不可数名词,谓语动词应使用单数形式。答案为C。四、考查倍数的表达法 英语中表达倍数常用下列句型:
10、1. A is three / four . times the size / height / length / width . of B. 2. A is three / four . times as big / high / long / wide . as B. 3. A is three / four.times bigger / higher / longer / wider.than B. 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。【原题再现】It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twiceB. twice much C. twice much asD. twice as much 【解析】倍数应位于as . as结构之外。答案为D。