《2019托福综合写作技巧完全版ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019托福综合写作技巧完全版ppt课件.ppt（60页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、INTEGRATED TASK综合写作综合写作技巧展示技巧展示INTEGRATED TASKv本课内容本课内容NOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASK1. NOTE-TAKING: “双栏式双栏式” 笔记法：笔记法： 2- column way T: R: L: INTEGRATED TASKv讲义第12页， 第3题 演示 先画好“双栏” 注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字 读阅读每一段的 Main point 和和 detail/reasonPRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv
2、T：privatized spaceflight industry R: benefits L: PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv阅读笔记：PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv听力笔记SCHOOL UNIFORM vT：school uniform R: stress L: SCHOOL UNIFORMv阅读笔记：School uniform听力笔记听力笔记INTEGRATED TASK2. SUMMARIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASKvSUMMAR
3、IZING 1. eliminate unnecessary information 2. Combine into a sentence. 因果关系因果关系INTEGRATED TASKvBecauseINTEGRATED TASKv展示 SUMMARIZING v通过题目 SCHOOL UNIFORMv PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELSCHOOL UNIFORMv阅读笔记：School uniform听力笔记听力笔记School uniformv展示 SUMMARIZING v通过 例题 SCHOOL UNIFORM 共6句话SCHOOL UNIFORMv1. If all st
4、udents wear the same style of uniform, clothing cost will be less. 阅读第1v School uniform is expensive/ pricy, and students who wear uniform will buy trendy after-school clothes. 听力第1SCHOOL UNIFORMv2. With everyone wearing the same uniform, students will not be concerned about whether they are wearing
5、 the fashionably-correct clothes. 阅读第2 v Being made to wear a school uniform makes many students feel more self- conscious, because they can present themselves in a way of making them comfortable. 听力第2SCHOOL UNIFORMv3. Unity in clothing can eliminate discrimination , so teasing and bullying of some
6、students by others will be significantly reduced. 阅读第3 v It is impossible to eliminate teasing and bullying because they are in that particular stage, also they can pick on other things like music and backpacks. 听力第3INTEGRATED TASK3. SYNTHESIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHE
7、SIZING3INTEGRATED TASKvSYNTHESIZING v把把 SUMMARIZING的的6句话整理成句话整理成3大段，形成大段，形成 BODY PARTConnect the information from both sourcesSYNTHESIZINGAccording to the lecture,_; this contradicts the points in the reading that_.The professor argues that_. This is different from the reading, which states that_.Th
8、e teacher says that_. However, this is not what the reading states; it says that_.SYNTHESIZINGContrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor asserts that_.The author of the passage points out that_, while the lecture notes that_.According to the reading, _. The passages point is differen
9、t from the professor, which states that_. SYNTHESIZINGv展示 SYNTHESIZING v通过例题： PRIVATE SPACE FLIGHTPRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv阅读笔记：PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv听力笔记SYNTHESIZINGv1. According to the lecture, the costs of creating and running traffic control system, and of testing new space ship will make space fligh
10、t expensive. This contradicts the points made in the reading that competition in the private space flight industry quickly reduce costs.SYNTHESIZINGv2. The professor asserts that private space travel is likely to prevent or even delay scientific innovations by luring top scientists away from serious
11、 researches to commercial projects. Contrary to what the belief in the passage that privatization of space flight will speed up by increasing the number of scientists working in the area of spaceflight.SYNTHESIZINGv3. The lecture notes that the taxpaying public will end up subsidizing space station,
12、 and so on, because the private invest (customers) can not cover the cost. While the author of the passage points out that the costs paid by customers of private space flight industry will significantly reduce the financial burden on public. INTEGRATED TASKNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHES
13、IZINGSYNTHESIZING3例题：例题： CHARITABLE GIVINGvT：charitable giving R: decline L: CHARITABLE GIVINGv阅读笔记：CHARITABLE GIVINGv听力笔记CHARITABLE GIVINGv2-min drill写出BODY PART 的第一段：2个句子：阅读一句话+听力一句话CHARITABLE GIVINGv1. The teacher says that charitable giving will rise in the future, as the growing costs of public
14、 services from increasing elderly and retired people create need for private funding. This is not what the reading states, it is said that charitable giving will decline substantially, because government can cover most of charity.CHARITABLE GIVING2. The talk says that the mismanagement in charities
15、has been reformed, by forcing the corrupted managers to resign, which gives donors more confidence. In the reading, however, it is argued that disclosures of mismanagement of the charity will lead to a permanent decline in charitable giving.CHARITABLE GIVINGv3. According to the lecture, people are l
16、earning how to avoid fraudulent giving in charities by receiving documents before donation, by turning down donation via telephone. The professors point is different from the reading. The reading states that people are unwilling to donate due to the charity fraud.INTEGRATED TASKv科学性文章科学性文章 vREADING:
17、 设想设想 LISTENING 反反 1 事实，事实， 解释解释 驳：驳：解释解释 2 事实，事实， 解释解释 3事实，事实， 解释解释 Easter Island vT: Easter Island culture decline R: invasion vL: internal causes Easter Island p16v T: Easter Island culture decline R: invasion L: internal causes Easter Islandv1. The teacher says that the deforestation of Easter I
18、sland is the most plausibly explained by over logging by the native population who use the logs to transport the giant statues. This is not what the reading states, it is said that Easter Island was deforested by invaders who were unconcerned about natural resources.Easter Islandv3. According to the
19、 lecture, It is likely that Easter Islanders adopted a new religion because they lost faith in their old gods. The professors point is different from the reading, adopting a new religion called Birdman Worship of Easter Island was introduced by a foreign invasion.Easter Islandv2.The talk says that t
20、he making of giant statues stopped because economic difficulties (the lack of fish to eat) left islanders without any energy to make them, and also it because there were no logs to transport them. In the reading, however, it is argued that this traditional culture practice of Easter Island was destr
21、ucted by invasion.开头段开头段 v划去BODY PARTv只看开头段开头段 v v模板模板Modular template开头段：开头段：vIn the lecture, the professor made several points about_. The professor argues that_. However, the reading contends that_. The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points vFirstly, the lecturer points out tha
22、t_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_. The professor proves his idea with an example/ a reason that _. The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.vSecondly, contrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor claims that _ by showing that_. The point un
23、dermines the claim made in the reading. vFinally, the professor states that _. This is contrary to the claim that _. Also the professor exemplifies his/her opinion by showing that_. This directly challenges what the reading passage indicates.vIn conclusion, the points made in the lecture contrast wi
24、th the reading.INTEGRATED TASK1. NOTE-TAKING: “双栏式双栏式” 笔记法：笔记法： 2- column way T: R: L: ALTRUISMvOG p282 ALTRUISM 的范文的范文vIntroduction ParagraphvThe topic for the lecture and the reading passage is _. The professor argues that_ _while the reading contends that_ _ _ _. The lecture contradicts the readi
25、ng regarding several points.altruismpeople and animals actually benefit from so-called altruism actsaltruism is a kind of unselfish behavior which is quite common among people and animalsBody Paragraph 1vFirstly, the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states
26、_. In other words, _. The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.sentinel meerkats actually eat before the other meerkatsthey go without food to stand guardsentinel meerkats have a full stomach as they work according to recent studiesBody Paragraph 2vSecondly, contrary to the belief
27、in the passage that _ _, the professor claims that _ _ _ by showing that _ _. The point undermines the claim made in the reading.sentinel meerkats place themselves in danger from predators the alarm sentinels give off can draw away the attention from the predators and the sentinel meerkats stand nea
28、r the burrow they are actually the first to escape Body Paragraph 3vFinally, the professor states that_ _ _. This is contrary to the claim in the passage that _ _. Also the professor illustrates his opinion by showing that _ _. This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates. human orga
29、n donors receive appreciation and approval from the rest of societythe donors gain nothing from their action such non-material rewards are more important than materialistic gainsConcluding ParagraphvIn conclusion, the points made in the lecture challenge the readings claim. INTEGRATED TASK1. NOTE-TAKING: “双栏式双栏式” 笔记法：笔记法： 2- column way T: R: L: School-year vacation vT: school-year vacation R: valuable L:External v.s. internal hiring vT: hiring an outsider R: advantage L: