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1、Sonnet 十四行诗 莎士比亚的十四行诗每行通常有五个“音步”(foot)，每个音步一般有一轻一重两个音节。全诗韵脚的安排是abab，cdcd，efef，gg，亦即这十四行可分四组，即前四行，中四行，后四行和最后两行。特点背景v莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。他的十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间，此时正是十六世纪欧洲文艺复兴传到英国的时期，因此，反映了这一时期的人文主义思想，具有很强的时代背景。QuatrainA：Shall I compare thee to a summers day?B：Thou
2、art more lovely and more temperate.A：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,B：And summers lease hath all too short a date.QuatrainC：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,D：And often is his gold complexion dimmed;C：And every fair from fair sometime declines,D：By chance or natures changing c
3、ourse untrimmed.Sonnet 18 Quatrain vE：But thy eternal summer shall not fade,vF：Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;vE：Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,vF：When in eternal lines to time thou growst.CoupletvG：So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,vG：So long lives this, and t
4、his gives life to thee. 分析 诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。分析而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在
5、，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。分析 以上面所选的第十八号而论，前四行算是“起”，中四行是“承”，都是讲岁月无常，美丽易逝；后四行可以说是“转”，因为全诗到此忽然一变，作者宣告虽然自然界美貌难存，但是人可则可靠诗笔而永保朱颜；最后两行是音韵铿锵(互相押韵)的小结，亦即是“合”。 Quatrain：vA：Shall I compare thee to a summers day?vB：Thou art more lovely and more temperate.vA：Rough winds do shake the darling
6、 buds of May,vB：And summers lease hath all too short a date.v夏日与汝譬喻比儗v难及汝之可爱温婉v狂风将五月花蕾辚轹v夏日时光之瞬息短暂Quatrain：vC：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,vD：And often is his gold complexion dimmed;vC：And every fair from fair sometime declines,vD：By chance or natures changing course untrimmed.v休恨那烈日似火v
7、转眼会清冷来袭v休叹那百花零落v摧折于无常天意Quatrain ：vE：But thy eternal summer shall not fade,vF：Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;vE：Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,vF：When in eternal lines to time thou growst.v汝之夏日可以久远v容颜必也永世不减 v死神可以与汝无缘v 汝名已成不朽诗篇Couplet：vG：So long as men can breathe, or eyes
8、 can see,vG：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. v人有声息，目有所及v诗将永递，与汝恒栖抑扬格五音布分析vShall Icompare thee to a summers day? ( a)v Thou art more lovely and more temperate -: ( b) vRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, (a) vAnd summers lease hath all too short a date: (b) vSometimes too ho
9、t the eye of heaven shines, (c) vAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed; (d)v And every fair from fair sometimes declines, (c) vBy chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd; (d)v But thy eternal summer shall not fade, (e)v Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; (f) vNor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade, (e)v When in eternal lines to time thou growst. (f) vSo long as men can breathe or eyes can see, (g)v So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. (g) Thank You