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1、1 第六章非谓语动词 . 1一、动 词 不 定 式 . 1I. 动词不定式的句法作用 . 21.1 EXERCISE . 5II. 特殊不定式短语 . 61.2 EXERCISE . 8III. 动词不定式的时态和语态. 91.3 EXERCISE . 11 二、分词 . 13 I.分词的句法作用 . 13 2.1 EXERCISE . 16 II 分词的时态和语态 . 17 2.2 EXERCISE . 19 III. 分词复合结构. 20 2.3 EXERCISE . 21 三、动 名 词 . 22 I. 动名词的句法作用 . 23 3.1 EXERCISE . 27 II. 动名词的时态
2、和语态 . 29 3.2 EXERCISE . 30 III. 动名词复合结构. 31 3.3 EXERCISE . 32 EXERCISE （非谓语动词综合练习）. 33 第六章非谓语动词一、 动 词 不 定 式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to 加原形动词构成，动词不定式保留着动词的一些特征：(1)带宾语或表语。例如：I want to watch TV.I hope to be an outstanding student. (2)可由状语修饰。例如：I expect you to study hard. (3)有时态和语态的变化。例如：I m sorry to have ke
3、pt you waiting. （完成时）The questions to be answered are on page 10.（被动式）动词不定式和它的宾语，状语， 或表语一起构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语具有名词，形容词，和副词的性质，因而可以在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，和状语。在不定式符号to 前加上 not 构成不定式的否定式。例如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 He told me n
4、ot to touch the wire. I. 动词不定式的句法作用1.作主语To master a foreign language is very important. Not to smoke will do you a lot of good. To obey the laws is everyone s duty.动词不定式作主语时，常常用先行词it 作形式主语， 放在句首， 将不定式移到谓语之后作实际主语。例如：It is difficult to answer such a complicated question in English. It has been possibl
5、e to send man to space.It takes the electronic computer only a few seconds to solve the problem. Example: _ only five minutes to finish the task. a. It took myself b. It required me c. It should be needing d. It took me 2.作表语Our main task is to carry these building materials to the work site. The mo
6、st common way of getting heat is to burn fuel.Our goal is to accomplish the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defence, and science and technology. Example: My job _ these children. a. was to look after b. was looking c. is to looking after d. has looked after 3作宾语在及物动词begin, cease, ch
7、oose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget, happen, hate, help, hope, intend, like, love, manage, mean, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, refuse, remember, try, want, wish 等后边常用不定式作宾语。例如：When did you begin to learn English?Once you turn off the switch, electricity ceases to flow.He promised t
8、o keep the secret for you.Example: Galieo planned to _ the problem, but failed to do so. a. solving b. have solved c. be solved d. have been solved If you promise _ an gry with me, I ll tell you what I broke.a. get not b. not get c. not to get d. not getting 注意： 当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用it 作形式宾语代替不定式
9、，而把不定式放在补足语之后。例如：I found it difficult to identify mistakes. 我发现辨认错误很难。Do you consider it wise to ignore him? 你认为不理睬他是明智的吗？Example: I found _ to answer all the questions within the time given. a. no possibility b. there was impossibility c. impossible d. it impossible 动词不定式也可作介词but, except, save（除 .以
10、外）的宾语，但在词组can not but （不名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 由得，只好）, cannot help but（不得不） , do nothing but（别无它法只有.）后面，接不带 to 的不定式。在except, save 后可带 to 也可不带to。例如：The National Guardsmen were given no choice but to shoot over the
11、 heads of the unruly mob.She does nothing but cry all day.We cannot but believe in the youth who is always trying to improve himself. He did nothing except play all day long . There is nothing for it but to wait for an opportunity . Example: He was no alternative but _ to see him. a.go b. went c. go
12、ing d. to go I _ at our teacher s remarks.a. cannot but wonder b. cannot help but to wonder c. cannot but wondering d. cannot help but wondering 4作宾语补足语有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, cant bear, call, choose, cause, command, determine, enable, expect, fail, feel, find, force, get, have, hear,
13、 help, know, invite, lead, let, like, make, notice, order, prove, request, set, see, teach, tell, think, want, warn, watch, wish等后面常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。注意： 在 make（使） , let（让） , have（使，叫）等使役动词后；在see（看） , watch （观看）, look at（看）, behold（看） , observe（观察， 看见）, perceive（看见） , feel（感觉） , hear（听）, listen to （听 .）,
14、 notice（发现， 注意）等表示感官的动词后及在know（了解） , please（请）等后面省去动词不定式符号“to ”。在动词 find 与 help 之后的 “to ”可省也不可省。例如：I asked him to tell me the results of the scientific research. Can you help me (to) clean the windows? Ask her to wait for me at the gate. Her mother never has her do that heavy work. Example: Professo
15、r Black had us _ compositions every Friday. a. to write b. written c. write d. wrote My boss asked me to answer the phone, to take all messages, and _ some letters. a. to type b. typing c. type d. typewrite My teacher told me _ so careless. a. not be b. don t to be c. not to be d. won t be有些动词如consi
16、der, prove, think, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟“宾语+ to be”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：We found him (to be ) dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。We all know him to be dead. 我们都以为他死了。Example: We _ Mr. Brown to be a fine writer. a. accept b. receive c. think d. regard 5作主语补足语如果把动词不定式作宾语补足语的句中的谓语由主动语态改为被动语态，则宾语补
17、足语就成了主语补足语。 要注意作宾语补足语时在某些动词后省去的不定式符号to, 此时一般不能省名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 去。 例如：Plastics are found to be good insulators. Water power can be made to produce electricity. The laboring people of the world are called on
18、 to unite. 号召全世界的劳动人民团结起来。Example: Children should be allowed _ their own decisions. a. making b. to make c. make d. having made 6.作定语My father didn t have any chance to go to school before liberation. Energy is the ability to do work.Please give me something to drink.Example: The order _ pumps will
19、 come from the control room. a. stopping b. to stop c. stopped d. stops Have you any other question_? a. ask b. for ask c. to ask d. asking 注意： 当被不定式修饰的名词与后面的不定式有动宾关系时（即为逻辑宾语），不定式结尾表示动宾关系的介词不要丢掉。例如：At last we found a room to live in.I haven t got a chair to sit on. Example: I m not sure which restau
20、rant _.a. to eat on b. eating at c. to eat at d. for eating “ I want to buy a camera.” “ We have several models_”a. for you to choose from b. for your choice c. for the choice of yours d. for you to choose at 7.作状语表示目的，结果，原因等，常有以下几种情况：(1)用 to + 原形动词， in order to + 原形动词或so as to + 原形动词引起不定式短语表示目的，结果，
21、原因。例如：To meet the needs of our industry, we must produce more coal. 为了满足我国工业的需要，我们必须生产更多的煤碳。（表目的）The temperature is so high as to change water into steam.温度高到可使水变成蒸汽。（表结果）They were glad to hear from you. 收到你的信他们很高兴。（表原因）Example: Send him to the baker s _ the bread.a. to buy b. in order he buys c. fo
22、r to buy d. for buying Grace advised us to withdraw _. a. so as to get not involved b. as not to get involved c. so as not to get involved d. so that not to involve (2)用在 easy, difficult, hard, heavy, good 等形容词作表语的系表结构中的形容词后，名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - -
23、 - 第 4 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 是存在谓语所表示的情况，不定式要用主动式。例如：Electricity is easy to transmit over long distances.This question is hard to answer.Example: Most college students want to be _ to choose their favorite subjects. a. freely b. freedom c. free d. freed (3)在 “too.to”句型中，不定式含有否定意义，表示“结果”。He wa
24、s too busy to help me at the moment.He was too exited to speak.Example: They were _ to go any further. a. too frightened b. as frightened as c. so frightened as d. too frightened for 注：一般情况下，句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语，要注意它们的一致。Example: To learn to speak English well, _. a.much practice is needed b. one needs m
25、uch practice c. much practice is in need d. much practice one is needed 1.1 EXERCISE 1.Please let me know what you intend _. a.will do b. do c. to do d. doing 2.Would you be _ to step this way, please? a. too kind b. so kind c. so kind as d. as 3.They have made the oil and water _ from each other. a
26、. to separate b. separate c. to be separated d. to have separated 4.It is very important _ our teaching methods. a.to improve to b. improve c. improved d. to improve 5.I have warned you time and again _ the wire. a.not touch b. not touching c. not to touch d. touch not 6.“ Where should I send my app
27、lication?”“ The Personnel Office is the place_.”a.to send it b. send it to c. to send it to d. for sending it 7.Would you please _ the door for me? a. holding b. not to hold c. hold d. held 8.My brother s wish is _ an engineer.a.becomes b. to become c. become d. becoming to be 9.Have you heard him _
28、 about his former teacher? a. spoke b. to speak c. speaks d. speak 10. Can you let me _ the truth of the matter? a. to know b. knowing c. know d. known 11. _ for the people is weightier than Mount Tai. a.Die b. Dead c. To death d. To die 12. If you ask your mother, she will probably _. 名师资料总结 - - -精
29、品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 a. let you to go b. allow you to go c. allow that you go d. let you go 13. Did you notice the girl _. a.cross the road b. across the road c. to cross the road d. having cross the road 14. Comrade Li is
30、known _ an advanced worker. a.being b. is c. be d. to be 15. Seeing an old man getting off the train, she hurried over _ things for him. a carrying b. to carry c. carried d. for carrying 16. We d really like you _ to the party e b. to come c. will come d. should come 17. It is a teacher s duty _ the
31、 rising generation. a.educate b. educating c. to educate d. educates 18. The best way _ this principle is to see how it actually works in practice. a.understanding b. to understand c. being understood d. to have understood 19. If the maid comes today, please have her _ my shirts. a.washed b. washing
32、 c. to washing d. wash 20. We can do nothing but _ the experiment. a.to repeat b. repeat c. repeating d. repeated 21. Such a thing should never have been allowed _ in the first place. a.happens b. happen c. to happen d. happening 22. In the days _, China s atomic energy industry will better serve th
33、e needs of the national economy and the people s livelihood.a.will come b. come c. came d. to come 23. Have you got any thing _ about this matter? a.saying b. to say c. said d. say 24. He was not _ try it again. a. such a fool as to b. so a fool as to c. a fool such as to d. a fool so as to 25. He w
34、as too excited _. a. to go to sleeping b. to slept c. to go to sleep d. going to sleep 26. We can t have him _ like t hat all day. a.to work b. working c. to be worked d. work 27. This will enable us _ the problem quickly and accurately. a.solving b. to solve c. to have solving d. solve 28. All he w
35、anted was _ his job well; he never sought personal gain. a.do b. in doing c. to do d. to doing 29. I spoke so slowly and clearly as _ fully understood. a.making myself b. to make myself to be c. to make myself d. to make me to understand 30. To die for the people s sake is _ a worthy death.a.dead b.
36、 dying c. to die d. have II. 特殊不定式短语1. 不定式复合结构：for + 名词（代词）+不定式（短语）一般说，句中谓语动词的主语就是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。但是有时它还有自己的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 逻辑主语，由介词for 引出。动词不定式加上自己的逻辑主语一起构成复合结构。这种复合结构在句中句法作用与不定式基本相同。如果句中的形容词既指行为的性质又指行为的人，
37、则用 of 引出这一结构。例如：(1)作主语It is necessary for us to catch up with the worlds advanced levels. It is very kind of you to send us so many books. (2)作表语The question is for me to answer.The school regulations are for every student to observe. (3)作宾语The development of the rocket makes it possible for man to
38、enter space. Closed-circuit television makes it easy for a large number of students to see everything a teacher demonstrates. (4)作定语In doing research work, there are often a lot of difficulties for the scientists to overcome. (5)作状语He speaks too quickly for me to understand.For a machine to do work,
39、 we must do work on the machine. Example: Is it necessary _ the book immediately? a. for him to return b. that he returns c. his returning d. to him return The problem is _. a. very difficult for me to solve b. too difficult for I to solve it c. too difficult for me to solve d. very difficult, I can
40、t solveIt s very kind _ invite me.a. form you to b. of you to c. by you to d. that you 2. 疑问词 +动词不定式疑问代词who, what, which 和疑问副词when, where, how 等后面加上动词不定式，构成具有名词作用的短语。(1)作主语How to solve the problem will be discussed at the meeting. Who to be elected chairman remains unknown. (2)作表语What we discussed i
41、s where to store these materials. The question is what to do and how to do next. (3)作宾语Do you know how to answer the question? We ve learned what to do in face of difficulties . (4)作定语Nobel began to seek ways in which to make nitroglycerin safer to handle. Example: Do you know _ the repairs? a.to do
42、 b. how to do c. to make d. how to make There isn t any difference between the two. I really dont know _.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 8 a.where to choose b. which to choose c. to choose what d. to choose which The proble
43、m we are discussing now is _ harness the great power from within the earth. a. how can b. when can c. how to d. what to 3. 独立动词不定式独立动词不定式具有插入语的性质，表示说话人的态度或看法。例如：To tell the truth , that is all I know about him. To be frank with you, I don t like the color of your shirt.To begin with , you must move
44、all the equipment into the laboratory. To be sure, he s rather old for such an important work. Example: _, he studied very hard these days. a.Being fair b. To be fair c. Fair enough d. To be enough fair To _ with, I wound like to talk about my new plan. a. take b. get c. make d. begin 4. 动词不定式符号to 后
45、动词的省略在并列句或复合句中，如果前一个分句与后一个分句或主句与从句用同一个动词，则后一句中可省去动词而保留“to ”。例如：He will begin his research work as soon as possible if he is allowed to. We shall do that test again if we are required to. He refused to take a rest, though we had asked him to. Example: “ will the Smiths be going abroad this summer?” “
46、No, they finally decided _.”a. not going b. not to c. not to be d. not to going He does not plan to learn German, but _. a. so do I b. I do so c. I so want d. I want to 1.2 EXERCISE 1. To _the truth, I forgot all about my promise. a. remark b. speak c. talk d. tell 2. My home town has changed too mu
47、ch _. a. I cant recognize b. for me to recognize c. to recognize d. to me to recognize3. I want to learn more about the American political system, but I dont know _ theinformation. a. where to get b. how get c. when d. what to get 4. The great secret of success is to know _. a. how learn b. how lear
48、ning c. how to learn d. to learn how 5. It was a bolt from the blue, so _. a. speaks b. it speak c. to speak d. speaking 6. _ has not been decided yet. a.To start when b. Why to start c. When to start d. Start to where 7. What I thought of was _ the difficulty. a.where to tide over b. how over to ti
49、de c. which to over tide d. how to tide over 8. _ there must be air and water. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 35 页 - - - - - - - - - 9 a.For there is life b. For there to be life c. For to be life there d. For life is there 9. _, you would think
50、 he was a millionaire. a.To hear talk b. To hear he talking c. To hear him talk d. Hearing he talk 10. Do you think it difficult _? a. for me to do so b. for my to do so c. for I to do so d. for me doing so 11. Is it possible _ at the present time? a. for weather to control man b. for man to control