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1、FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISYAchieving sustainable environmentalismFOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITYEarth provides enough to satisfy every mans need, but not every mans greed. Mahatma Gandhi A nation that des
2、troys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people. Franklin Delano Roosevelt 4UNIT 4UNITAchieving sustainable environmentalismTo talk about environmental issuesTo fully understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo
3、master the argumentative essaywriting skillWarming-up Activities Text Study Language Application SummarySection A Warming-up ActivitiesSection AShort Answer QuestionsThese pictures remind us more of the environmental problems we human beings are encountered with at present, including air pollution (
4、hazy weather), water pollution, deforestation, wild animals extinction and so on.1. What do the following pictures remind you of in terms of the environmental issues?Short Answer QuestionsMan has the “blood ties” with nature. Mankind has to depend on nature for his food, medicine, shelter, clothing
5、and other necessities to be able to survive. However, due to industrialization and economic development, man does not live in harmony with nature anymore. While transforming nature for his own sake, man has been over exploring and using the natural resources, resulting in such problems as global war
6、ming, soil erosion, shortage of fresh water, and sandstorms. Man has suffered a lot from the problems.2. What do you think of the relationship betweenman and nature? Listen and TalkListen to a passage about World Environment Day and then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false
7、(F).1. World Environment Day falls on June 5 every year.2. San Francisco is the second city in the United States that has held events to celebrate World Environment Day.3. The main message of World Environment Day this year is “Plan for Our Cities”.4. Cities use more than 57 percent of the worlds na
8、tural resources.5. The events held this year include not only speeches from famous persons, but also fun activities such as concerts, parades, etc.TFFFTListen to the passage again. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. What is your understanding of a “green city”?2. To build a green c
9、ity, besides the measures given in the passage such as building more healthy parks and reducing pollution, what other measures can you think of? Listen and Talk1. What is your understanding of a “green city”?As I understand, a “green city” is a city or town that focuses on environmentally friendly p
10、ractices. It aims to improve the livability of urban surroundings and benefit the well-being of citizens living there. Listen and Talk 2.To build a green city, besides the measures given in the passage such as building more healthy parks and reducing pollution, what other measures can you think of?
11、To build a green city, other measures may include water quality control, efficient recycling and waste management, use of renewable energy sources, increase of city residents awareness of environmental protection, and easy access to products and services that make green lifestyle choices easy.Listen
12、 and Talk Global warming may or may not be the great environmental _ of the 21st century, butregardless of whether it is or isntwe wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding _ to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commit
13、ments seem, the less likely they are to be _.To be continuedcrisiscommitmentsListen to a short passage concerning global warming.observed Al Gore calls global warming an “_,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to _ global
14、warming, andwithout major technological _we cant do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the worlds population is _to grow from 6.4 billon to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. To be continuedinconvenient truthrelievebreakthroughs projectedListen to a short passage concerning global warming.If energy use per
15、 person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas _ (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we _ the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living
16、 standards.emissions condemnListen to a short passage concerning global warming.To be continuedThe practical solution is that if global warming is a _, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on _ or dealing
17、with it.potential disasterfossil fuelsListen to a short passage concerning global warming.Questions Previewing1. What are the main ideas of Environmentalism? 2. What do you know about Protagoras?3. What is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or Arctic Refuge)?Environmentalism refers to the con
18、cern about the environment, or the consciousness about the intricate human-nature relation, which mainly advocates the preservation, restoration and / or improvement of the natural environment by social and political movements.1. What are the main ideas of Environmentalism? 2. What do you know about
19、 Protagoras?Protagoras is a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and one of the several fifth century B.C. Greek thinkers collectively known as the Older Sophists (诡辩家).Protagoras is known primarily for three claims: 1) Man is the measure of all things; 2) He could make the worse (or weaker) argument appe
20、ar the better (or stronger); 3) One could not tell if the gods existed or not.It is a national wildlife refuge in northeastern Alaska, United States, and the largest protected wilderness region in the country. The refuge supports a wide variety of plant and animal life including caribou, polar bears
21、, grizzly bears, wolves, migratory birds, fish, dense shrubs, and rare groves of poplar trees .3. What is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or Arctic Refuge)? Text StudySection AHow can we make the right choice among so many different and conflicting proposals put forward in the name of envi
22、ronmental protection?The author starts his argumentation by stating the importance of a keen _ in modern society. (Para. 1)environmental awareness What is the theme of the essay? (Para. 1)Introduction: Two questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection
23、. The introduction paves the way for the authors central argument.Part I (Para. 1)The author introduces two new concepts: environmental luxury environmental necessitiesWhile answering the question raised in Paragraph 1, what concepts does the author put forward? (Para. 2) According to the author, wh
24、at is the ultimate rule followed by rational environmentalism? (Para. 2)The rule states that it is environmentally essential to fight against ecological change that directly does harm to the health and safety of human beings.How does the author explain environmental necessity ? (Paras. 3-4)The autho
25、r explains what is environmental necessity by giving two examples: combating ozone depletion and controlling the greenhouse effect. According to Paragraph 5, why are ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect considered as urgent human disasters? (Para. 5)Because they directly threaten human beings,
26、and their consequences cannot be easily addressed.In the first section of the body, the author tries to establish a rule that people can follow when making environmental choices.Part II Section 1 (Paras. 2-5)It indulges in overt earth worship. It is sentimental, highly selective and incompatible wit
27、h the reality of natural disasters.According to Paragraph 6, what are the features of the environmentalism that is popular today? (Para. 6)What does the author mean by saying “My nature worship stops with the twister that came through Kansas or the dreadful rains in Bangladesh that eradicated whole
28、villages and left millions homeless”? (Para. 6)The author means that he doesnt think man should indulge in nature worship because natural disasters can bring people terrible tragedies. What does the author intend to do by citing the example of oil drilling in ANWR? (Para. 7)By using this example, th
29、e author aims to strengthen his criterion of making environmental choices, whereby human interests should be given priority over those of animals or nature.The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument.(Paras
30、. 7-9) The author thinks that protecting the livelihood of the logging families is more important than preserving the spotted owl. Again, the author aims to strengthen his own criterion through this example.On the issue of preserving the spotted owl in Oregon versus protecting the logging families t
31、here, which side does the author take? Why? (Para. 10)In the second section (Paras. 6-10), the author, with the purpose of strengthening his own criterion, argues against a different rule, one which he calls a _, which he says is characterized by _. Part II Section 2 (Paras. 6- _)10excessive earth w
32、orshipsentimental environmentalism The author thinks that nature is under the _ of us humans, rather than being our master. Humans need to respect nature as well as _ it. But when humans have to choose between their own interests and those of nature, they should put their own interests _.What opinio
33、n does the author hold toward the relationship between man and nature? (Para. 11)cultivatesupervision in the first place Man should adapt to nature only when his fate and that of nature are closely connected and mans fate is put in danger. For example, ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect will
34、threaten the living environment of manAccording to the author, under what circumstance should humanity accommodate nature? Examples? (Para. 12)Part three is the conclusion. The author restates his central argument: Human interests should be given _ over those of nature although human beings should _
35、 to nature only when their own survival is being endangered by environmental changes.Part III (Paras. 11- _)13priorityadaptThis text is an argumentative writing in which the author tries to make a contrast between two different opinions about environmental protection, through which he tries to justi
36、fy his claim that human interests should be put above those of nature, and that human beings should protect nature only on the grounds that their own interests are guaranteed. Main Idea of the TextTwo questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection. (Pa
37、ra. 1)IntroductionIntroductionMain body: Section 1 and Section 2The author tries to establish a rule for people to follow when they make environmental choices. (Paras. 2-5)The author rebuts a different rule, called a sentimental environmentalism, which he says is characterized by excessive earth wor
38、ship. (Paras. 6-10)Body: Section 1A rule, called a sane environmentalism, for making environmental choices is presented. (Para. 5)The author defines environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. (Para. 2)The author gives examples “combating ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect” to expla
39、in what he sees as an environmental necessity. (Paras. 3-4)Body: Section 2The author cites the debate about preserving the spotted owl in Oregon vs. protecting the livelihood of the logging families to justify his own argument. (Para. 10)The author reviews a different rule, one which he calls a sent
40、imental environmentalism. (Para. 6)The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument. (Paras. 7-9) The author restates his central argument: Human interests should be given priority over those of nature. (Paras.
41、11-13)IntroductionMain body: establishing a rule and rebutting a different rule Conclusion IntroductionMain body: establishing a rule and rebutting a different rule Conclusion Sharp concern for environmental protection, similar to the belief in _ or the opposition to plastic surgery, is a necessary
42、_ to people in the upper class world. But people have different opinions about it. Therefore, how can we make the right choice among so many different and conflicting proposals put forward in the name of environmental _? To be continueddemocracyattitude protection To answer the question, it is neces
43、sary to follow a rule for making environmental choices: the so-called _, which advocates that combating ecological changes that directly do harm to human health and safety is an _. The criterion for making environmental choices indicates that nature should _ human beings, and that human beings shoul
44、d protect nature only when their own interests are not affected.To be continuedsane environmentalismenvironmental necessityserveWhile other people put forward a different rule, called a _, which is characterized by excessive earth _, human interests should be given priority over those of animals or
45、nature and nature should be _ to human beings because human interests are more important than those of nature.sentimental environmentalismworship subordinate1. differentiate between把区分2. take on呈现（某种特征）3. strike a chord with引起共鸣4. run / go against the grains与格格不入5. be incompatible with与不相容的6. come t
46、hrough安然度过7. choose sth. over sth. else优先选择(某物)而非把把区分区分(fantasy / seek medical help) After staying in the net bar for several days and nights, he was no longer able to differentiate between fantasy and reality. He should seek medical help.differentiate between短语逆译短语应用在网吧呆了几天几夜，他已经不能区分虚幻和现实了。他应该寻求医疗帮
47、助。意群提示呈现（某种特征）呈现（某种特征）(official visit / a new look)We firmly believe that after the leaders official visit to Britain, the relations between the two countries must take on a new look.take on短语逆译短语应用我们相信，通过领导人对英国的正式访问，两国之间的关系一定会呈现出新面貌。意群提示引起共鸣引起共鸣(charming pictures / touching plots / young audience)W
48、ith its charming picture, touching plots and beautiful music, the movies struck a chord with the young audience.strike a chord with短语逆译短语应用这部电影以它迷人的画面、动人的情节和优美的音乐在年轻观众中引起了共鸣。意群提示与与格格不入格格不入Out of our expectation, what he said and did in the public that day ran against the grains of his social status
49、indeed. run / go against the grains短语逆译短语应用令我们意外的是，那天在公共场合他的言行的确和他的身份格格不入。意群提示(out of the expectation / social status) 与与不相容的不相容的 anti-virus software / computer system / update system) The anti-virus software is incompatible with your computer system, so you have to get your system updated.be incomp
50、atible with短语逆译短语应用这款杀毒软件与你的电脑系统不兼容，因此，你需要找人进行系统升级。意群提示安然度过安然度过(medical skill / weak beat / dying patient) Due to the doctors excellent medical skill, the dying patient with a weak beat, was lucky enough to come through the operation. 短语逆译短语应用多亏了医生精湛的医术，这位生命垂危的病人心跳微弱，能够熬过手术真是幸运。意群提示come through优先选择优