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1、埃兹拉埃兹拉庞德庞德(18851973)Part 1.Life experiencePart 2.Main achievements1.Born in Idoha (爱达荷州爱达荷州) in 18852.University of Pennsylvania , Hamilton College Romance languages, Renaissance literature Master degree in 1906,3.19081924, a lot of literature worksWorks4.1914, he married with Dorothy Shakespeare.多萝
2、西莎士比亚4 4. 1924 about 1939,the shift of his mind After 1924, he paid more attention to the political and economic problems under capitalism. He firmly insisted on the fascism and anti-semitism. He made speeches at Roman radio to attach American policies and praise fascism during the WWII. 思想的转变思想的转变.
3、doc5.1943, he was arraigned for high treason. 1944, he was arrested by American soldiers. 1945,he was on trial at Washington. 1958, because of Archibald McLeish(阿奇博尔阿奇博尔德德麦克利什麦克利什)、)、 (Robert Frost罗伯特罗伯特弗罗斯特)弗罗斯特), Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特欧内斯特海明威),海明威),his treason was repealed. 叛国罪入狱叛国罪入狱.doc.docSmiths
4、onianSmithsonian志文章用忧伤的蓝调这样结尾:志文章用忧伤的蓝调这样结尾: “他又活了他又活了1515年,日子越来越悲惨。他的创作力渐渐年,日子越来越悲惨。他的创作力渐渐竭尽,他生活在跟妻子、女儿、秘书和情妇的轮番做战之竭尽,他生活在跟妻子、女儿、秘书和情妇的轮番做战之中。最终,老情妇把他像战利品似地拐到拉巴罗,他就在中。最终,老情妇把他像战利品似地拐到拉巴罗,他就在那里的养老院和医院来回地出入。那里的养老院和医院来回地出入。8. Died in 1973,in Italy. 7. 1958,after travel around for short time, he went
5、to with his wife and secretary.一一,major works二二,Imagismmajor works1.Ripostes (1912) 反击2.Cathay (1915) 中国 collection of Chinese translation长干行.doc3.Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (1920) 休西尔文毛伯莱休赛尔温毛伯利4. The Cantos (19171968) 诗章 “ intellectual diary since 1915 ” Imagism:A literary movement launched by British
6、and American poets early in the 20th century in reaction against Victorian sentimentalism that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images.Imagism意象主义意象主义是是2020世纪初期英美诗歌届掀起的一场运动,世纪初期英美诗歌届掀起的一场运动, 19121912年在伦敦由埃兹拉年在伦敦由埃兹拉庞德(庞德(ezra poundezra pound)、)、 amy amy low
7、elllowell等人发起。等人发起。他和一起朋友认为十九世纪的诗歌都有他和一起朋友认为十九世纪的诗歌都有一下的缺点:词汇堆砌、语言过时、重复累赘、格式复杂,一下的缺点:词汇堆砌、语言过时、重复累赘、格式复杂,尤其是传统的章节和音步,尤其是传统的章节和音步,他们提倡诗歌应遵循意象的准他们提倡诗歌应遵循意象的准确性,使用清晰精准的语言。意象主义者反对过多的涉及确性,使用清晰精准的语言。意象主义者反对过多的涉及情感和技巧,情感和技巧,而这些是在浪漫主义诗歌和维多利亚诗歌中而这些是在浪漫主义诗歌和维多利亚诗歌中经常出现的。经常出现的。意象主义强调回归到比较古典的风格,如表意象主义强调回归到比较古典的
8、风格,如表达的直观性,语言的间接性,主张尝试非传统的诗歌格式。达的直观性,语言的间接性,主张尝试非传统的诗歌格式。他们认为物体就是物体,这种观点透露出当代前卫艺术的他们认为物体就是物体,这种观点透露出当代前卫艺术的发展,尤其是后来的立体派。发展,尤其是后来的立体派。意象主义者倡导直接反映事意象主义者倡导直接反映事物,诗韵应该由乐感。庞德以及他的跟随者认为应由意象物,诗韵应该由乐感。庞德以及他的跟随者认为应由意象产生情感,而不是作者告诉读者应该有何种感情产生情感,而不是作者告诉读者应该有何种感情。庞德说象征表述有其固定的结果,就像庞德说象征表述有其固定的结果,就像1 1、2 2、7 7这这些数字
9、,意象却似代数里的些数字,意象却似代数里的a a、b b、x x那样具有可变那样具有可变性。性。”他曾把他曾把“意象意象”称为称为“一刹那间思想和感情一刹那间思想和感情的复合体的复合体”。主要用视觉意象引起联想,表达一瞬。主要用视觉意象引起联想,表达一瞬间的直觉和思想。一般用自由体写作短小篇章。据间的直觉和思想。一般用自由体写作短小篇章。据庞德等自称,他们曾受庞德等自称,他们曾受中国旧诗中国旧诗和和日本俳句日本俳句运用意运用意象方法的影响。这一流派对英美现代诗歌在采用口象方法的影响。这一流派对英美现代诗歌在采用口语、自由体和铸造意象方面颇有影响。语、自由体和铸造意象方面颇有影响。日本俳日本俳句
10、句.doc.doc 庞德在促进中西文化交流方面作了很大努力。他庞德在促进中西文化交流方面作了很大努力。他在长诗在长诗诗章诗章中阐述孔子学说,在中阐述孔子学说,在19151915年出版的年出版的中国中国中中收集并翻译了十几首中国古诗。收集并翻译了十几首中国古诗。庞德不庞德不太懂中文,他的译作是由日译本转译的。太懂中文,他的译作是由日译本转译的。庞德还曾庞德还曾译过译过大学大学、中庸中庸、论语论语等等。在翻译过。在翻译过程中庞德得到了华盛顿一些专家学者的帮助,克服程中庞德得到了华盛顿一些专家学者的帮助,克服了各种困难。尽管人们可以对译文进行各种指摘,了各种困难。尽管人们可以对译文进行各种指摘,但庞
11、德毕竟作了前所未有的尝试。除了翻译中国作但庞德毕竟作了前所未有的尝试。除了翻译中国作品外,庞德也译过包括日本、希腊、意大利文学等品外,庞德也译过包括日本、希腊、意大利文学等多种语言的外国文学作品。就此而言,庞德也是一多种语言的外国文学作品。就此而言,庞德也是一个有成就的翻译家。个有成就的翻译家。 庞德最著名的作品,要属意象庞德最著名的作品,要属意象派名作派名作在地铁站内在地铁站内The apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中幽灵般的一张张面孔人群中幽灵般的一张张面孔;Petals on a wet, black bough.黑色潮湿枝头上的一片片花
12、瓣黑色潮湿枝头上的一片片花瓣。In a Station of the Metro原诗排列模版原诗排列模版:The apparition of these faces in the crowd:Petals on a wet, black bough.对应中文就成了对应中文就成了幻景闪现幻景闪现 面孔面孔 人群人群花瓣数点花瓣数点 黑湿黑湿 树枝树枝1.1.在地铁站在地铁站 人潮中这些面容的忽现;人潮中这些面容的忽现; 湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。(罗池)湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。(罗池)3.3.在伦敦的地铁车站里在伦敦的地铁车站里 这些脸的幻影在人群中,这些脸的幻影在人群中, 一条潮湿的、黑色枝干上
13、的点点花瓣。(李德武一条潮湿的、黑色枝干上的点点花瓣。(李德武)2.2.地铁车站地铁车站 人群中这些面庞的闪现;人群中这些面庞的闪现; 湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。(赵毅衡)湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。(赵毅衡)4.4.人群中,这些面孔的鬼影;人群中,这些面孔的鬼影;潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。(余光中)潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。(余光中)v About the poem:1.The “Metro” is the underground railway of Paris. 2.The word “apparition”, with its double meaning, binds the two aspects
14、of the observation together: Apparition meaning “appearance”, in the sense of something which appears, or shows up; something which can be clearly observed. Apparition meaning something which seems real but perhaps is not real; something ghostly which cannot be clearly observed.3.The poem is an obse
15、rvation of the poet of the human faces seen in a Paris subway station. It looks to be a modern adoption of the Japanese haiku.4.He tries to render exactly his observation of human faces seen in an underground railway station. He sees the faces, turned variously toward light and darkness, like flower
16、 petals which are half absorbed by, half resisting, the wet, dark texture of a bough.5.Repeating it, you can have a colorful picture, also you can feel the beauty of music through its repetition of different vowels and consonants, such as /p/ and /au/. Especially the repetition of /e/ in the second
17、line emphasize its sense of music.6.In this brief poem, Pound uses the fewest possible words to convey an accurate image, according to the principles of the “Imagists”. Pound wrote an account of its composition, which claims that the poems form was determined by the experience that inspired it, evol
18、ving organically rather than being chosen arbitrarily. 7.Whether truth or myth, the piece has become a famous document in the history of Imagism. His own significant contributions to poetry begin with his promulgation (spread) of Imagism, a movement in poetry. He stressed clarity, precision, and economy of language, and foregoing (earlier) traditional rhyme and meter in order to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase .Comments on Ezra Pound: