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1、阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧 1. Do you have great difficulty in finishing reading comprehension in the exam? 2. Which kinds of questions do you feel difficult to answer? 要求考生根据所提供的不同体裁和题材的要求考生根据所提供的不同体裁和题材的阅读材料阅读材料, ,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。主要考查学生通过阅读佳选项。主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息的能获取信息的能力力, ,培养其培养其判断、推理及概括的能力判断、
2、推理及概括的能力。阅读材。阅读材料的料的生词率不超过生词率不超过3%3%( (其中不包括在文中已加其中不包括在文中已加注汉语的词语注汉语的词语),),学生的阅读速度控制在每分钟学生的阅读速度控制在每分钟50705070个单词。个单词。中考阅读理解要求：中考阅读理解要求：阅读理解四步曲阅读理解四步曲 1.先读问题，弄清考点。先读问题，弄清考点。 2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。 3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。 4.重读原文，仔细核对答案。重读原文，仔细核对答案。 安徽省考题要求考生能读懂安徽省考题要求考生能读懂书书报报杂志杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以
3、及公中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告告说明说明广告等广告等,并能从中获取相关并能从中获取相关的信息。的信息。 1 理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体位置理解文中的具体位置 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 作出判断和推理作出判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图理解作者的意图观点和态度观点和态度 1.The Fact Question (查找事实、细节型查找事实、细节型) 2.New words in the Context (猜测词义型猜测词义型) 3.The Inference Question (判断推理型判断推理型)
4、 4.The Title/Main idea Question (概括主旨概括主旨大意型大意型) The main question patterns主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体
5、事实或细节。2. 干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this te
6、xt?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练The Title/Main idea Question-主旨大意题主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding
7、 the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer.
8、 Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）不能满足的）society.练习题练习题细节题细节题解释Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. For
9、d operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章解释【解析】答案为C C。take sth. away take sth. away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意
10、思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章 Exercise 1 The thing that works best to make life worthwhile That costs the least and does the most, is just a pleasant smile. It pays more money back-for it is simply lent. It s worth a mil
11、lion dollars, and it doesnt cost a cent. It cheers us up to try again when troubles make us blue. The words of encouragement are good for me and you. So, smile away! People understand what by a smile is meant. Its worth a million dollars, and it doesnt cost a cent. What is the title of the poem? A.
12、Let us Make Life. B Let us Smile Away C. Let us Cheer Up D. Let us Try Again (B)Exercise 2 Its important to tell children the truth what theyve done. Honest feedback is far better than empty praise. Duke adds. “People have got into the habit of not telling children when theyre wrong. That makes it h
13、ard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. Thats just how the world is. What is the paragraph mainly about? _A. Its important to have the habit of praising children.B. We should praise children honestly and tell them their mistakes.C. Children should know their mistakes as soon as pos
14、sible.D. What children with high self-confidence are like.(B) Exercise 3 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all s
15、tudents at the same time. The main idea of the passage is_No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. Exercise 4 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful as a flashlight to a child who is afraid of the dar
16、k. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. The passage is mainly about_In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many d
17、ark situations. Exercise 5 Good afternoon. This is your captain speaking. We have been warned of the danger of strong air turbulence ahead for the next forty miles or so. Passengers are therefore strongly asked to remain in their seats with their seatbelt on for their safety and not to use the restr
18、ooms during that dangerous period if at all possible. During the time young children should be firmly fastened into their seats. The best title for this passage would be_ A. The Captain and the Passengers B. Something About the Strong Air Turbulence C. For your Own Safety D. Dont Move Around and Kee
19、p Still (C) 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Whi
20、ch of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练The
21、Fact Question-事实细节型事实细节型 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requi
22、res nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.解释文章 The human body is a living machine, and The hu
23、man body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The e
24、nergy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories p
25、eople need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart showsCALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600练习题解释第三节【解析】答案为 D D 。 根据
26、文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章 Exercise1 I never wanted a dog, but now Im so glad I have one. About two years ago, my wife, Cathy, got a little dog with a face only its mother could love. We named her Gertie.What did the man think of the
27、dog at the beginning? A. It looked very beautiful. B. it wasnt very lovely. C. It wasnt necessary to be trained. D. it could change his life.(B)Exercise 2 One day Mrs. White went to buy a fish with her daughter. She didnt know how to cook it, so she asked the shopkeeper to write down the way of cook
28、ing it on a note. She put the note in her daughters pocket and then they left the shop happily with the fish. On their way home, a black cat saw them and followed them. Suddenly the cat jumped at her, took the fish away from her quickly and ran off at once. Mrs. White didnt know what to do. But sudd
29、enly she remembered something. She laughed and shouted at the cat, You dont know how to cook it. The note is still in my daughters pocket!The cat took the fish away from_ A. the shop B. the woman C. the womans daughter D. Mr. Black(B)Exercise 3 There re many different kinds of food in China. Some of
30、 them are very popular. Everyone in China likes dumplings very much, and there are many different kinds of dumplings. Some have meat in them and others have vegetables, eggs and so on. I like dumplings without meat better than any other kind. Does the writer like the dumplings without meat? A. I don
31、t know. B. Yes, he does. C. No, he doesnt. D. No, he likes dumplings that have meat in them.(B) 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表
32、语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领做题要领阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练New words in the Context-词义猜测型词义猜测型Q: Which of the following is closest
33、 in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic
34、 independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved. 解 释第四节解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中中 的大多数妇女，受的大多数妇女，受过教育的过教育的 （educatededucated）和没有受和没有受过教育的过教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在农村的和住在农村的（ruralrural），），年轻的（年轻的（youngyoung）和年和年长的（长的（oldold）正好是一对对反义词。正好是
35、一对对反义词。因此选因此选 C C 项。项。本题答案选本题答案选C C Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? 合成词：睡过头合成词：睡过头 over=too much overcrowded, overworkedTip1: 根据合成词中的已知词含义进根据合成词中的已知词含义进行整合，放入语境中进行猜测。行整合，放入语境中进行猜测。Tip2:根据生词中已学的词干和前后缀根据生词中已学的词干和前后缀进行推测。进行推测。With their shining brown eyes,
36、and unconditional help, dogs can provide the blind with confidence. 无条件的无条件的Prefixes: un, ir, dis, im. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors also called her an eccentric ksntrk lady. A. kind B. strange C. special D. strict Twelveyearold Sally was an acti
37、ve girl，but her sister was quite sedate sdet. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic(B)(B)Tip3:利用利用近义词近义词猜测词义猜测词义.(关键词：关键词：also, that is to say; as well as)利用利用反义词反义词猜测词义猜测词义.(关键词：关键词： but ,never, unlike, however, instead, on the other hand.)Tip4: 根据上下文语境翻译该生词所在根据上下文语境翻译该生词所在的句子，然后进行判断。的句子，然后进
38、行判断。 This is the most sidesplitting story Ive ever read. I couldnt help laughing after I finished it. Be ready to laugh your heart out. What does sidesplitting mean? A. simple B. funny C. serious D. difficult(B) Be punctual pktl when you are going to the party. Never be late. Pantomime pantmam means
39、 a short play in which no words are spoken. For players, playing well and winning are often life-and-death events.Practice makes perfect生死攸关的生死攸关的哑剧哑剧准时的准时的 推理判断题推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟
40、作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题推理判断题（做题要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?4.What is the ton
41、e (语气语气) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6.Where would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练The Inference Question-推理判断型推理判断型 Passage 1 The concept (n. 观念观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all ill
42、nesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) o
43、f society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without
44、any exercise. 练习题解释解释P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health
45、.文章解析：解析：据前两句可以得知，据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选况变坏，因此答案选 D D 。选出的答案一定要在原文选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。推测。文章文章 Passage 2 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩成绩 ) ends up with uninspired
46、 students. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的近来的 ) point ( n.观点观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准不及格分数或标准 ).练习题解释总结总结Q: I
47、t can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A.rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给给不及格不及格 ) uninspired students he
48、lps improve their overall (adj.全面的全面的 ) academic (adj.学学校的校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使使失去信心失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.预期之事物预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急紧急 ).文章 解析解析: : 问题是文中问题是文中 Eisenberger Eisenberger 举的一举的一个例子个例子, ,通过例证题目的考点分析通过例证题目的考点分析, , 我们知我们知道一般例子前
49、后总结性的话道一般例子前后总结性的话( (论点论点) )是解决是解决问题的关键问题的关键, ,这样我们就可以判断出该例要这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题说明的问题( (答案答案: :A A) ) The topic sentence:The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students. .译译: : 假设老师总让学生关注奖励假设老师总让学生关注奖励, ,或对表现或对表现一般的学生也给高分一般的学生也给高分, ,那么学生们最终都会那么学生们最终都会不求进取不求进取, ,没有灵感
50、及想象力。没有灵感及想象力。文章Exercise 1 One day a young man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “ Could I have two mice and about twenty roaches(蟑螂)?”“ Why do you need these things?” The shop assistant was very surprised. “Well, answered the young man, “Im moving out of my apartment and the la