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1、春天还会远吗春天还会远吗 ? ?will it still be far in spring?冬天已经来了冬天已经来了, ,Winter has already come, 现在现在完成完成时态时态WinterWinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .现在现在完成完成时的构成形式时的构成形式 have done has助动词助动词过去过去分词分词肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+have/has +过去分词过去分词否定句：主语否定句：主语+have/has +not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词用来表示之前
2、已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去动作或状态发生在过去,但它的但它的影响现在还存在影响现在还存在。 They have left. -他们已经离开了他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也就是说我现在不饿现在现在完成完成时的含义时的含义也可表示也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2001.
3、 -从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢nowpastfuture一般过去时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生在或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影过去却对现在造成的影响响 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作事情，强调动作； 现在完成
4、时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）知道了。）2）一般过去时一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: y
5、esterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时不能使用现在完成时，
6、要用过去时 （错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延延续性的续性的，如，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get mar
7、ried等。等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续) since 用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 “自从自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度用
8、来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达长达”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比较比较since和和for注意：并非有注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不
9、在这里工作。我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。现在我仍在这里工作。)He has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。比较比较 have/has been to have/has gone toHe went to Shanghai last week. 他他(曾经曾经)到到/去过上海去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了但他人现
10、在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经他已经去上海了去上海了 也许刚动身出发也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了也许已经到了,也许也许还在路上还在路上,反正他人不在这里反正他人不在这里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他他呆在上海迄今为止已经呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了年了 现在还在上海没现在还在上海没有离开呢有离开呢辨析这些句子辨析这些句子由时态导致的由时态导致的含义上的差别含义上的差别现在完成时中延续性动词和
11、终止性动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句 初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以
12、下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过 去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续 性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/sta
13、rt-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 1、 吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy-haveJim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two yea
14、rs ago.Jim has had this pen since 2003.It is two years since Jim bought this pen.It has been two years since Jim bought this pen.Jim bought this pen two years ago.1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.
15、3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间瞬间性性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化1. He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 y
16、ears / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The li
17、ght has been on for 2 hours.延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间瞬间性性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化 (keys) 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago
18、. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minute
19、s. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army.